移动区域时空关系变化建模研究     

吴静  高宇 《测绘科学》2017,(12):39-43

针对二维欧氏空间内的移动区域对象在时空关系变化建模中存在的问题,该文提出了一种时空关系变化序列模型,并建立了时空关系变化概念邻域图。采取基于时间片的时空数据模型,通过分析移动区域间随时间变化的拓扑、距离和方位关系,解决时空关系变化的集成建模问题。该方法能有效刻画移动区域的动态时空特征。  相似文献   

MODES月预测产品在贵州的释用     

李忠燕  严小冬  张娇艳  白慧  吴战平 《气象科技》2017,45(6):1058-1064

基于符号一致率评分(Pc)法,对多模式解释应用集成预测系统(MODES)的6种模式产品开展贵州85站2要素月预测释用,根据评估结果进一步采用等权平均方案和最优方案对6种模式产品展开2012—2015年48个月的回算统计。分析表明:不同的模式产品的预报性能各不相同,其中ECMWF的模式产品的预测性能较NCC和NCEP来说相对较高;模式产品释用时,最优方案的预报评分均高于其它6个模式产品的Pc评分平均值,且最优方案的预报评分高于等权平均方法的预报评分;回算结果,无论是气温还是降水,最优方案的Pc评分均都高于省级发布的月预测产品评分,这说明利用最优方案可以有效地提高MODES对贵州月气温和降水预测能力。  相似文献   

海南一次超级单体引发的强烈龙卷过程观测分析   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4  

郑艳  俞小鼎  任福民  蔡亲波 《气象》2017,43(6):675-685

利用常规高空地面观测、海南省区域加密自动站、海口多普勒雷达、海口风廓线雷达以及风云2G高分辨可见光云图资料对2016年6月5日海南省文昌市一次EF2级龙卷过程进行分析。结果表明:(1)这次龙卷过程发生在副热带高压边缘、500 hPa槽前、850 hPa切变线和地面热低压的南侧,是由超级单体引发的;由于海陆风效应而显著增大的0~2 km垂直风切变,较低的抬升凝结高度,随着白天地面太阳辐射加热迅速增大的CAPE值为超级单体风暴的生成提供了有利的环境条件。(2)超级单体是在东移飑线的东侧,由β中尺度海风锋辐合线和雷暴外流边界触发并加强的,沿着海风锋辐合切变线自东向西传播,与风暴承载层平均风向相反,即后向传播;超级单体具有勾状回波、中高层回波悬垂、中气旋和类似龙卷式涡旋特征(TVS)的小尺度强切变等特征,中层中气旋向低层延伸加强期间龙卷漏斗云生成、触地,小尺度强切变自中层同时向上、向下发展时龙卷达到最强;龙卷发生在勾状回波低层反射率因子最大梯度区域靠近弱回波区域一侧,也是小尺度强切变(类TVS)所在位置;(3)海风锋辐合线与超级单体的下沉气流外流边界合并,形成位于超级单体南侧的阵风锋,从而形成由东指向西的水平涡管,该水平涡管在钩状回波旁的弱回波区被上升气流扭曲拉伸,形成低层中气旋,超级单体南侧的阵风锋与东移的飑线阵风锋相遇而加强的地面辐合,有助于低层中气旋获得拉伸旋转加速而形成龙卷。  相似文献   

区域似大地水准面精化的方法探讨与精度分析     

布金伟  左小清 《测绘工程》2017,26(6)

阐述与GPS/水准高程拟合相关的基本理论及区域似大地水准面精化的原理与方法,并结合区域的具体实例,重点比较二次多项式曲面拟合法、三角剖分双线性内插法、加权平均推估法的精度情况,从中得到结论。实验表明,在没有足够重力数据的支持下,三角剖分双线性内插法获得比较理想的精度,利用该方法精化似大地水准面获得的高程可以代替四等水准。  相似文献   

南海夏季风建立的气候特征Ⅰ——40年平均   总被引：12，自引：11，他引：12  

冯瑞权  王安宇  吴池胜  林建恒  古志明  林文实  谭志文 《热带气象学报》2001,17(4):345-354

使用NCEP 1958～1997年40年逐日12层再分析的格点气象资料,对南海地区（105～120°E,5～20°N）夏季风建立的气候特征进行分析,分析的时间尺度为5天（候）。将南海上空850hPa上暖湿的西南风定义为它的夏季风,这暖湿的西南风之θse必须大于335°K,风速须大于2m/s。南海夏季风的建立被定义为南海海域一半以上面积为夏季风所控制的初始时刻。分析结果发现:（1）南海夏季风的建立具有爆发性,爆发时间是5月第4候。（2） 南海夏季风的建立与孟加拉湾东部西南季风有密切关系,它是孟加拉湾西南季风爆发性的发展和东移的结果。（3）南海夏季风雨季是随着夏季风建立而建立的。（4） 在南海夏季风建立期间,南海及其邻近地区高低空环流都有急速的变化,在对流层低层表现为印度低槽的南扩和加深,在对流层中层表现为西太平洋副热带高压迅速东移撤出南海地区,在对流层高层最明显的变化是东风带迅速从南海中部向北扩展到整个南海地区。  相似文献   

坐标系转换中全国高精度高分辨率格网改正量的确定     

郭春喜  王文利  白贵霞  程鹏飞 《测绘科学》2013,38(2)

确定全国1980西安坐标系向2000国家大地坐标系转换改正量是实现1980西安坐标系测绘成果向2000国家大地坐标系转换的一项重要的基础性工作。本文在对全国已有大地控制点资料进行整理、分析的基础上,通过大量试算与研究,在国内首次提出了利用全国高精度高分辨率格网改正量实现1980西安坐标系测绘成果向2000国家大地坐标系转换的理念与改正量计算方法 -移动转换法,同时利用全国127 210个高精度的控制点成果,在椭球面上建立了控制点上误差很小、能满足大比例尺地形图转换精度要求的全国高精度高分辨率格网1980西安坐标系测绘成果向2000国家大地坐标系转换改正量模型,该模型现已应用于全国多个省、市不同比例尺基础地理信息数据转换实际生产中。  相似文献   

An analytic solution to the alibi query in the space–time prisms model for moving object data     

Bart Kuijpers  Rafael Grimson 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(2):293-322

Moving objects produce trajectories, which are stored in databases by means of finite samples of time-stamped locations. When speed limitations in these sample points are also known, space–time prisms (also called beads) (Pfoser and Jensen 1999 Pfoser, D. and Jensen, C.S. 1999. “Capturing the uncertainty of moving-object representations”. In Advances in spatial databases (SSD’99), Hong Kong, China, July 20–23, 1999, Vol. 1651, 111–132. Lecture notes in Computer Science.  [Google Scholar], Egenhofer 2003 Egenhofer, M. 2003. “Approximation of geopatial lifelines”. In SpadaGIS, workshop on spatial data and geographic information systsems, 4SpaDaGIS–Workshop on Spatial Data and Geographic Information Systems, Milano, Italy, March 2003. University of Genova.  [Google Scholar], Miller 2005 Miller, H. 2005. A measurement theory for time geography. Geographical Analysis, 37(1): 17–45. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) can be used to model the uncertainty about an object's location in between sample points. In this setting, a query of particular interest that has been studied in the literature of geographic information systems (GIS) is the alibi query. This boolean query asks whether two moving objects could have physically met. This adds up to deciding whether the chains of space–time prisms (also called necklaces of beads) of these objects intersect. This problem can be reduced to deciding whether two space–time prisms intersect.

The alibi query can be seen as a constraint database query. In the constraint database model, spatial and spatiotemporal data are stored by boolean combinations of polynomial equalities and inequalities over the real numbers. The relational calculus augmented with polynomial constraints is the standard first-order query language for constraint databases and the alibi query can be expressed in it. The evaluation of the alibi query in the constraint database model relies on the elimination of a block of three exªistential quantifiers. Implementations of general purpose elimination algorithms, such as those provided by QEPCAD, Redlog, and Mathematica, are, for practical purposes, too slow in answering the alibi query for two specific space–time prisms. These software packages completely fail to answer the alibi query in the parametric case (i.e., when it is formulated in terms of parameters representing the sample points and speed constraints).

The main contribution of this article is an analytical solution to the parametric alibi query, which can be used to answer the alibi query on two specific space–time prisms in constant time (a matter of milliseconds in our implementation). It solves the alibi query for chains of space–time prisms in time proportional to the sum of the lengths of the chains. To back this claim up, we implemented our method in Mathematica alongside the traditional quantifier elimination method. The solutions we propose are based on the geometric argumentation and they illustrate the fact that some practical problems require creative solutions, where at least in theory, existing systems could provide a solution.  相似文献   

Anchor uncertainty and space-time prisms on road networks     

Bart Kuijpers  Harvey J. Miller  Tijs Neutens 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(8):1223-1248

Space-time prisms capture all possible locations of a moving person or object between two known locations and times given the maximum travel velocities in the environment. These known locations or ‘anchor points’ can represent observed locations or mandatory locations because of scheduling constraints. The classic space-time prism as well as more recent analytical and computational versions in planar space and networks assume that these anchor points are perfectly known or fixed. In reality, observations of anchor points can have error, or the scheduling constraints may have some degree of pliability. This article generalizes the concept of anchor points to anchor regions: these are bounded, possibly disconnected, subsets of space-time containing all possible locations for the anchor points, with each location labelled with an anchor probability. We develop two algorithms for calculating network-based space-time prisms based on these probabilistic anchor regions. The first algorithm calculates the envelope of all space-time prisms having an anchor point within a particular anchor region. The second algorithm calculates, for any space-time point, the probability that a space-time prism with given anchor regions contains that particular point. Both algorithms are implemented in Mathematica to visualize travel possibilities in case the anchor points of a space-time prism are uncertain. We also discuss the complexity of the procedures, their use in analysing uncertainty or flexibility in network-based prisms and future research directions.  相似文献   

Sea ice thickness measurement in spring season in Bothnian Bay using an electromagnetic induction instrument     

郭井学  孙波 《极地研究(英文版)》2007,18(1):36-46

As an important component of the cryosphere,sea ice is very sensitive to the climate change.The study of the sea ice physics needs accurate sea ice thickness.This paper presents an electromagnetic-induction(EM) technique which can be used to measure the sea ice thickness distribution efficiently,and the successful application in Bothnian Bay.Based on the electromagnetic field theory and the electrical properties of sea ice and seawater,EM technique can detect the distance between the instrument and the ice/water interface accurately,than the sea ice thickness is obtained.Contrastive analysis of the apparent conductivity data obtained by EM and the value of drill-hole at same positions allows a construction of a transformable formula of the apparent conductivity to sea ice thickness.The verification of the sea ice thickness calculated by this formula indicates that EM technique is able to get reliable sea ice thickness with average relative error of only 12%.The statistic of all ice thickness profiles shows that the level ice distribution in Bothnian Bay was 0.4-0.6 m.  相似文献   

陕甘宁青地区的地形变特征与强震活动   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  

邢西淳  邵辉成  李炳乾  毛娟 《大地测量与地球动力学》2003,23(4):80-86

分析了陕甘宁青地区的地壳形变特征及其与强震的关系．结果表明：(1)地壳形变特征存在时空差异性。不同地区地形变活动强弱与其至主要边界断裂带的距离存在相关性，主要边界断裂带附近地区相对活动强烈，远处则减弱。(2)不同时期各断层地形变活动强弱不同，既和构造应力场的变化有关，又与地震活动关系密切；断层垂直形变的逆继承性构造运动的活动时期远小于继承性构造运动的活动时期，且不同区域地壳构造运动发生转折的时间不尽相同，同时断层形变前兆异常亦存在时空差异性。(3)多场地、大范围的断层活动异常可能与强震活动相呼应。  相似文献