湖泊碎屑岩沙坝成因机制及构型表征研究进展^*          下载免费PDF全文

邱隆伟  李欣  杨勇强  董道涛  伏健  文旭  Danish Khan 《古地理学报》1999,24(2):191-209

湖泊碎屑岩沙坝因波浪和沿岸流的反复冲刷,成熟度较高,显示出巨大的油气勘探潜力,已成为隐蔽油气藏勘探的重点。作者在大量文献调研的基础上,总结了近年来前人在滩坝定义、沉积特征、主控因素、成因机制及内部构型研究中的重要进展,在此基础上提出了沙坝演化阶段及沉积构型的新认识。结果表明,沙坝完整的演化历程主要包括4个阶段,分别是弱波浪作用阶段、动荡水流—冲洗回流阶段、风成阶段及沼泽化阶段。影响沙坝发育的控制因素多样,其中物源和风场是沙坝发育的根本因素,两者分别影响了沙坝发育的物质来源和能量供给;而风场所决定的水动力是影响沙坝储集体发育的最直接因素;构造运动和层序演化则控制沙坝的分布位置及保存程度;各因素综合作用决定了坝的形态、发育规模及保存状况。依据前人构型理论,将沙坝构型按照正序方案依次划分为6级,对构型表征方法和沙坝3~5级构型定量表征进行了初步探索,以期为滩坝砂体勘探开发提供理论和实践支持。  相似文献   

Architectural Model of a Dryland Gravel Braided River, based on 3D UAV Oblique Photogrammetric Data: A Case Study of West Dalongkou River in Eastern Xinjiang, China     

YIN Senlin  ZHU Baiyu  GUO Haiping  XU Zhenhu  LI Xiaoshan  WU Xiaojun  CHEN Yukun  JIANG Zhibin 《《地质学报》英文版》2023,97(1):269-285

Three-dimensional unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) oblique photogrammetric data were used to infer mountainous gravel braided river lithofacies, lithofacies associations and architectural elements. Hierarchical architecture and lithofacies associations with detailed lithofacies characterizations were comprehensively described to document the architectural model, architectural element scale and gravel particle scale.(1) Nine lithofacies(i.e., Gmm, Gcm, Gcc, Gci, Gcl, Ss, Sm, Fsm and Fl) were identifi...  相似文献   

歧口凹陷层序构成样式的时空差异性研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

吴永平  周立宏  王华  廖远涛  王家豪  任培罡  滑双君 《大地构造与成矿学》2010,34(4)

歧口凹陷为中国东部渤海湾盆地内重要的内陆断陷含油气凹陷,具有多幕构造演化、多类构造样式、多个物源体系、沉积体系演化时空变化剧烈等特点,导致层序构成样式在时空上具有显著的差异性。结合歧口凹陷构造古地貌背景和物源供给体系时空演化差异性的研究,在研究区古近系总结出四种典型的层序构成样式:断控陡坡带型层序样式、多级断阶带型层序样式、轴向断坡带型层序样式、挠曲坡折带型层序样式。层序构成样式的时空差异主要受控于宏观构造的幕式演化和局部同沉积断裂不同组合样式所形成的特定的古地貌差异,而物源供给体系的强弱程度以及供给方向变化也是控制层序构成样式的重要因素。不同类型的层序构成样式控制了沉积体系、砂分散体系的时空分布特征,进而影响了砂体的分散和堆积样式。因此,层序构成样式的时空差异性分析对于研究区有利隐蔽圈闭的预测具有重要指导意义。  相似文献   

高光谱矿物填图技术与应用研究   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

王润生  甘甫平  闫柏琨  杨苏明  王青华 《国土资源遥感》2010,21(1):1-13

回顾和总结了"九五"以来,中国国土资源航空物探遥感中心在高光谱矿物识别和矿物填图领域所取得的成果,包括主要岩矿光谱特征与影响因素分析;矿物的种类识别、丰度反演和成分识别;中—热红外多/高光谱的数据处理和矿物识别;高光谱矿物识别的地质应用模式、矿物填图的工作方法和技术流程、矿物填图的技术体系;矿物填图在区域地质找矿、矿区勘查和成矿与找矿模型、植物地球化学探测、矿山环境监测以及月球和行星探测等方面的应用示范。最后,提出了高光谱矿物填图近期的研究方向。  相似文献   

网络环境下的虚拟古典建筑场景建模     

刘秀菊  朱军  徐京华 《四川测绘》2010,33(2):72-75

在研究我国古典风格建筑特点和对比分析现有建模软件的优缺点的基础上,选择3DStudioMax建立场景模型,并通过VRML编程进行场景驱动,嵌入网页发布。  相似文献   

业务驱动的地理信息服务粒度划分     

王珂珂  张立朝  潘贞  王青山  郑海鹰 《北京测绘》2010,(1):5-7,4

分析了地理信息服务之间的耦合性,研究了影响地理信息服务粒度的因素,提出了业务驱动的地理信息服务粒度划分模型。该模型首先从功能模块分离出基本服务,各个功能模块可以看成是组合服务,由功能模块分离出来的就是基本服务;然后在基本服务的基础上设计组件和业务对象;设计完组件和业务对象之后再来设计组合服务。  相似文献   

连续运行卫星定位综合服务体系结构研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

彭璇 《地理空间信息》2010,8(4):111-113,117

为了更好地规范和拓展连续运行卫星定位综合服务系统的服务,介绍了该系统的主要构成和关键技术问题,结合最新计算机网络技术、定位技术和通信技术提出了一种开放式、易扩展、灵活性强的服务体系结构;并从分业务层、应用设计层、元服务功能层和通信层四个层次较为详细地描述了这种服务体系结构。  相似文献   

The sedimentology of an ephemeral fluvial–aeolian succession     

Charlotte L. Priddy  Stuart M. Clarke 《Sedimentology》2020,67(5):2392-2425

Ephemeral fluvial systems are commonly associated with arid to semi-arid climates. Although their complex sedimentology and depositional settings have been described in much detail, depositional models depicting detailed lateral and vertical relationships, and interactions with coeval depositional environments, are lacking compared to well-recognized meandering and braided fluvial systems. This study critically evaluates the applicability of current models for ephemeral fluvial systems to an ancient arid fluvial example of the Lower Jurassic Kayenta Formation of the Colorado Plateau, USA. The study employs detailed sedimentary logging, palaeocurrent analysis and photogrammetric panels across the regional extent of the Kayenta. A generic model that accounts for the detailed sedimentology of a sandy arid ephemeral fluvial system (drawing upon both ancient and geomorphological studies) is developed, along with analysis of the spatial and temporal interactions with the aeolian setting. Results show that the ephemeral system is dominated by laterally and vertically amalgamated, poorly channelized to sheet-like elements, with abundant upper flow regime flat beds and high sediment load structures formed between periods of lower flow regime conditions. Through interaction with a coeval aeolian system, most of the fluvial deposits are dominated by sand-grade sediment, unlike many modern ephemeral fluvial systems that contain a high proportion of conglomeratic and/or finer grained mudstone and siltstone deposits. During dominantly fluvial deposition, high width to thickness ratios are observed for channelized and sheet-like elements. However, with increasing aridity, the aeolian environment becomes dominant and fluvial deposition is restricted to interdune corridors, resulting in lower width to thickness ratio channels dominated by flash-flood and debris-flow facies. The data presented here, coupled with modern examples of ephemeral systems and flood regimes, suggest that ephemeral flow produces and preserves distinctive sedimentological traits that can not only be recognized in outcrops, but also within core.  相似文献   

Stratigraphic record in the transition from basin floor to continental slope sedimentation in the ancient passive-margin Windermere turbidite system     

Lilian Navarro  Robert William C. Arnott 《Sedimentology》2020,67(4):1710-1749

Well-exposed, vertically dipping, glacially polished outcrops of the Neoproterozoic Windermere Supergroup in the southern Canadian Cordillera include basin-floor deposits of the Upper Kaza Group overlain by slope channel complexes of the Isaac Formation. Within the 2·5 km thick Kaza and Isaac succession is an up to 360 m thick interval composed of diverse deep-water stratal elements including scour and interscour deposits, distributary channels, fine-grained turbidites, terminal splays, mass-transport deposits, erosional and levéed channels and avulsion splays, which collectively were formed during the development of an ancient passive-margin channel-lobe system. The proportion and vertical and lateral arrangement of stratal elements reveal three distinct complexes. The lower complex, consisting mostly of distributary channels and small and large scours, is interpreted to represent the detachment of lobes from an upflow levéed channel, wherein a well-developed channel-lobe transition zone was formed by efficient, siliciclastic flows during a period of sustained transport bypass and limited deposition coincident with the onset of falling relative sea level. The middle, comparatively thicker and more sandstone-rich complex, comprises distributary channel fills, fine-grained turbidites and lesser terminal splays that are interspersed with small scours, capped by a slope levéed channel filled with coarser-grained siliciclastic sediment. The abundance of basin-floor elements suggests negligible separation between the levéed channel and lobe, and therefore a poorly-developed channel-lobe transition zone, resulting from inefficient, siliciclastic-rich depositional flows that became dominant during lowstand and/or ensuing transgression. The stratal makeup of the upper complex resembles the lower detached complex, suggesting a return to efficient flows, and an abrupt change to mixed carbonate–siliciclastic sediments associated with highstand conditions. Accordingly, the stratigraphic architecture and stacking pattern of the Kaza–Isaac interval, which relate to the formation of multiple channel-lobe transition zones, were controlled by temporal changes in sediment supply and flow characteristics during the long-term progradation of the Laurentian continental margin.  相似文献   

Architecture of a distal pre-vegetation braidplain: Cambrian middle member of the Wood Canyon Formation,southern Marble Mountains,California, USA     

Jason G. Muhlbauer  Christopher M. Fedo  Jeffrey E. Moersch 《Sedimentology》2020,67(2):1084-1113

Architectural element analysis and detailed mapping of a 300 m along-strike exposure of the middle member Wood Canyon Formation, southern Marble Mountains, California, USA, provides new evidence for extensive braided–fluvial channel-belt deposits with adjacent overbank environments. Three-dimensional models constructed using ‘Structure from Motion’ techniques, combined with field-based observations, allowed interpretation of outcrop-scale trends, barforms, channel fills and fine-scale features. The ca 80 m thick member is divisible into five distinct units, including units M1 to M3 that form the bulk of the stratigraphy. Units are defined by stacking patterns of three facies associations (Facies Association 1 to Facies Association 3), each representing the product of a subenvironment within the fluvial system. In Facies Association 1, stacked cosets, interpreted as low-relief fluvial bars and channel fills, preserve vertical-accretion and downstream-accretion elements under unimodal north-north-west palaeoflow, with minor lateral accretion near bar edges. Deposits of Facies Association 2 to Facies Association 3, linked to overbank environments, are found only in unit M2, in the middle 27 m of the middle member. Floodplains, represented by Facies Association 2, include crumbly red-orange intervals of fine to medium-grained sandstone and thinner sets of cross-bedding than Facies Association 1, interbedded with thicker cross-stratification indicative of overbank splay or overland flow aggradation from adjacent channel belts during flood stage. Possible aeolian beds of Facies Association 3 preserve broad festooned trough cross-strata that average 23 cm in thickness; their small size, medium-grained sandstone and iron oxide cement suggest a high water table. The diverse assemblage of interpreted subenvironments, paired with bedform and facies patterns, implies a perennial fluvial system that gradually built large sand bars as the channel belt migrated and avulsed across an unconfined braided–fluvial reach, leaving the overbank area on its flanks subject to weathering and aeolian transport. Despite the occurrence of strata deposited in low-energy and ponded settings, and a marine influence proposed for nearby sections of middle member, no ichnofossils were encountered.  相似文献