黄河银川平原段河岸摆动速率变化及其影响因素(英文)     

王随继  李玲  程维明 《地理学报(英文版)》2014,(4)

It is important to examine the lateral shift rate variation of river banks in different periods. One of the challenges in this regard is how to obtain the shift rate of river banks, as gauging stations are deficient for the study of river reaches. The present study selected the Yinchuan Plain reach of the Yellow River with a length of 196 km as a case study, and searched each point of intersection of 153 cross-sections(interval between two adjacent cross-sections was 1.3 km) and river banks in 1975, 1990, 2010 and 2011, which were plotted according to remote sensing images in those years. Then the shift rates for the points of intersection during 1975–1990, 1990–2010 and 2010–2011 were calculated, as well as the average shift rates for different sections and different periods. The results show that the left bank of the river reach shifts mostly to the right, with the average shift rates being 36.5 m/a, 27.8 m/a and 61.5 m/a in the three periods, respectively. Contemporarily, the right bank shifts mostly to the right in the first period, while it shifts to the left in the second and third periods, with the average shift rates being 31.7 m/a, 23.1 m/a and 50.8 m/a in the three periods, respectively. The average shift rates for the left and right banks during the period 1975–2011 are 22.3 m/a and 14.8 m/a, respectively. The bank shift rates for sections A, B and C are different. The shift rate ratio of the left bank in the three sections is 1:7.6:4.6 for shift to the left and 1:1.7:3.8 for shift to the right, while that of the right bank is 1:1.8:1.2 for shift to the left and 1:5.6:17.7 for shift to the right during the period 1975–2011. Obviously, the average shift rate is the least in section A, while it is maximum in section B for shift to the left and in section C for shift to the right. The temporal variation of the shift rate is influenced by human activities, while the spatial variation is controlled by the local difference in bank materials.  相似文献   

双偏振雷达差分传播相移的五种滤波方法对比分析     

魏庆  ;胡志群  ;刘黎平 《成都信息工程学院学报》2014,(6):596-602

为了对双线偏振雷达的差分传播相移ΦDP进行滤波降噪处理,提高双线偏振雷达识别粒子、估测降水的能力。通过对C波段双线偏振雷达差分传播相移分别采用滑动平均、中值滤波、FIR滤波、卡尔曼滤波和小波分析5种不同方法地介绍,利用中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室移动式C波段双线偏振雷达(POLC)2013年外场试验观测资料,对比分析了经5种方法处理后的差分传播相移ΦDP径向数据,及其分别在降水估测中应用的效果。结果表明:采用FIR滤波方法、卡尔曼滤波方法和小波分析方法对ΦDP径向数据进行处理的效果比传统的滑动平均和中值滤波方法好;其中小波分析处理的ΦDP径向数据波动最小,再经过变距离法拟合的KDP数据的负值能够得到最有效地抑制,最后应用到R(KDP)降水估测中的精度最高。  相似文献   

Applications of wavelet analysis in differential propagation phase shift data de-noising   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

HU Zhiqun  LIU Liping 《大气科学进展》2014,31(4):825-835

Using numerical simulation data of the forward differential propagation shift （ΦDP） of polarimetric radar,the principle and performing steps of noise reduction by wavelet analysis are introduced in detail.Profiting from the multiscale analysis,various types of noises can be identified according to their characteristics in different scales,and suppressed in different resolutions by a penalty threshold strategy through which a fixed threshold value is applied,a default threshold strategy through which the threshold value is determined by the noise intensity,or a ΦDP penalty threshold strategy through which a special value is designed for ΦDP de-noising.Then,a hard-or soft-threshold function,depending on the de-noising purpose,is selected to reconstruct the signal.Combining the three noise suppression strategies and the two signal reconstruction functions,and without loss of generality,two schemes are presented to verify the de-noising effect by dbN wavelets：（1） the penalty threshold strategy with the soft threshold function scheme （PSS）; （2） the ΦDP penalty threshold strategy with the soft threshold function scheme （PPSS）.Furthermore,the wavelet de-noising is compared with the mean,median,Kalman,and finite impulse response （FIR） methods with simulation data and two actual cases.The results suggest that both of the two schemes perform well,especially when ΦDP data are simultaneously polluted by various scales and types of noises.A slight difference is that the PSS method can retain more detail,and the PPSS can smooth the signal more successfully.  相似文献   

The impact of anoxia on pelagic macrofauna during the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (Early Jurassic)     

Bryony A. Caswell  Angela L. Coe 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2014

Extreme environmental change during the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event had widespread impacts on marine biota. This study provides new evidence, from the Yorkshire coast sections, UK, that the event was associated with periods of elevated fish and ammonite mortality. Using a synthesis of pelagic macrofaunal changes, benthic macrofaunal data and geochemical proxies we show that there are stratigraphical correlations between: (1) pelagic macrofaunal ranges and abundance, (2) benthic macrofaunal abundance, and (3) geochemical proxies that indicate deoxygenation. We identify eight stratigraphical intervals of differing character. Results suggest two major phases of relatively persistent deoxygenation with photic zone euxinia. The cyclostratigraphic timescale indicates that each phase lasted at least tens of thousands of years. Belemnite migration during the event probably resulted from increased seawater temperatures and low food supply similar to that observed for many marine taxa, including squid, within the present-day oceans.  相似文献   

利用小波变换压制静态效应的方法     

区小毅 《物探与化探》2014,(6)

利用有限元大地电磁二维正演程序模拟了二层大地低阻静态效应的地电模型,研究了静态效应产生的原理及其影响,并利用小波变换方法对静态效应进行压制,相对于其他常规空间滤波法来说,取得了较好的压制效果,证实了小波变换方法在压制静态效应当中的可行性和有效性。用小波变换方法对某工区实测EH-4音频大地电磁资料数据进行分析、处理,从数学上识别和判断了静态效应,在较好地压制静态效应的同时又能较好地突出地层原本的地质异常。  相似文献   

世界主要国家及地区制造业GVC地位时空格局演化——基于TiVA数据库的研究     

冯锐  高菠阳  闫佳琪  胡桢培 《地理研究》2022,41(4):1054-1071

在经济全球化和全球产业转移不断深化的背景下,不同国家在国际分工生产中所处的全球价值链（GVC）地位不同。一国能否从参与全球化中获益,日益取决于能否成功融入全球价值链,并在某一特定环节占据竞争优势。明确全球制造业大国的GVC地位,认识其国际分工及影响规律具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。利用TiVA数据库,测算世界59个国家及地区1995—2014年制造业GVC地位指数并分析其演变特征。结果显示：全球价值链地位较高的国家及地区主要分布在美洲、欧洲及东亚,位于中亚、西亚、非洲和大洋洲的国家参与极少,近年来高附加值生产环节呈现不断向少数国家及地区集中的趋势。大部分国家及地区劳动密集型行业地位较高,技术密集型地位指数较低,技术密集型行业的贸易附加值主要被少数掌握核心技术和价值链两端的国家及地区获得。从细分行业上看,核心国家及地区均呈现了分阶段演化的特征。在空间相关关系上,制造业整体和劳动密集型行业GVC地位指数均呈显著的空间集聚分布特征,且集聚程度先降低后升高,资本密集型行业GVC地位指数空间集聚分布最为显著且集聚程度不断增强,而技术密集型行业GVC地位指数空间集聚效应不明显。从空间集聚形式来看,大部分国家及地区GVC地位指数较低,贸易附加值被少数GVC地位较高的国家及地区获得。此外,外商直接投资、资本投入会抑制一国GVC地位的提升,科研创新能力对于一国GVC地位的提升起促进作用,出口规模与一国GVC地位呈明显的正向关系,行政效能对于一国GVC地位无明显影响,但是行政效能会促进外商直接投资对于GVC地位的抑制作用。  相似文献   

���ҹ��������ǵ���ϵͳ���Ƿ�Χ����չ����������̽��   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

刘根友  郝晓光  陈晓峰  孙保琪  彭碧波  周旭华  柳林涛  胡小刚 《大地测量与地球动力学》2007,27(5):115-118

????????????????????????????????Χ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????4??IGSO????????????????????????Χ???γ55??????????γ75??  相似文献   

Shift trend and step changes for runoff time series in the Shiyang River basin,northwest China     

Z. L. Li  Z. X. Xu  J. Y. Li  Z. J. Li 《水文研究》2008,22(23):4639-4646

Shift trend and step changes were detected for runoff time series in the Shiyang River basin, one of the inland river basins in north‐west China. Annual runoff data from eight tributaries as well as both annual and monthly runoff from the mainstream from 1958 to 2003 were used. Seven statistical test methods were employed to identify the shift trends and step changes in the study. Mann–Kendall test, Spearman's Rho test, linear regression and Hurst exponent were used to detect past and future shift trends for runoff time series, while the distributed‐free CUSUM test, cumulative deviations and the Worsley likelihood ratio test were used to detect step changes for the same time series. Results showed that the annual runoff from Zamu, Huangyang and Gulang rivers, as well as both annual and monthly runoff from the mainstream, show statistically significant decreasing trends. Future tendency of runoff for both tributaries and mainstream were consistent with that from 1958 to 2003. Step changes probably occurred in 1961 for the runoff from Huangyang, Gulang and Dajing rivers according to the Worsley likelihood ratio test, but no similar results were found using the other two test methods. Three change points (1979, 1974 and 1973) were detected for the mainstream using different methods. These change points were close to the years that reservoirs started to be operated. Both climate change and human activities, especially the latter, contributed to the decreasing runoff in the study area. Between 21% and 79% of the reduction in runoff from the mainstream was due to the impact of human activities during the past few decades. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

一种基于伽利略搜救系统的联合定位算法          下载免费PDF全文

胡娜  张晓林 《海洋测绘》2008,28(2):24-28

分析了伽利略搜救系统的地面站定位模型。提出了一种适用于该系统的，在存在多余观测的情况下，基于信号的时间延迟和多普勒频率测量值加权后，共同参与平差计算的联合定位算法模型及其误差分布模型。仿真结果表明，与单纯使用一种观测值的定位算法相比，该算法可以提高定位精度，是一种适合伽利略搜救地面站使用的定位算法。  相似文献   

星地碰撞的板块构造效应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘广润  张宏  唐辉明 《地球科学》2007,32(3):381-388

板块构造是一种全球大地构造理论.它以洋底扩张、洋壳边缘俯冲及转换断层为主要构造活动形式,配以地幔对流为原动力,建立一套颇具魅力的板块构造机制理论,被受到广泛认同.但也存在一些重要问题,主要是其地幔对流理念难以令人信服和对海陆格局变迁问题没提出明确的动力机制.在阐明造成板块构造理论这两方面困难问题的主要理由之后,介绍了星地碰撞事件的存在状况及其动力作用,着重论述了大规模星地碰撞的动力作用强大,对全球地质构造活动都有重要影响,板块构造也难以避免;星地碰撞的强烈冲击作用,有能力造成洋底开裂或使大陆裂解.据此设想,可用"星地撞击成缝,减压诱发岩浆上侵"的模式,取代与地球内部层圈结构相抵触的"地幔对流"模式来解释洋底扩张;并以星地碰撞发生地点的随机变化性作为大规模海陆格局变迁的主控原因.如此,则可有助于上述板块构造理论中存在的两大难题的解决.  相似文献