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对GPS定位中的SA误差作了系统辨识。表明：SA误差可用时变AR（p）模型表述，AR（p）的时变参数可由RLS算法结合F判据建立的AR（p）模型辨识机获得。用该方法获得的模型对SA误差进行预报。在剔除野值后精度在10m之内。还提出了一种将以AR（p）模型表述的SA误差加入GPSKALMAN滤波器的方法，可得到一种具有SA预报能力的GPSKALMAN滤波器。 相似文献
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水下声学定位观测数据中不可避免地存在粗差,随机模型解算广泛地采用等权模型,模型实现简单,但与实际不符,且不能抑制粗差影响。针对该问题,提出一种基于IGG3方案的抗差Helmert方差分量估计方法。该方法通过水深和观测距离将观测值分为两类,利用Helmert方差分量估计确定不同类观测值的权比,抗差解决了粗差导致Helmert方差分量估计模型失效的问题。实验结果表明,相比于传统解算方法,抗差Helmert方差分量估计方法可以合理确定各观测值权比,削弱粗差影响,提高水下定位精度和可靠性。 相似文献
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目前,海洋观测领域的观测系统由不同机构,采用不同技术和研发平台进行开发,由此带来了传感器设备接入、系统架构差异、数据格式不统一和系统集成困难等问题。为了解决以上问题,本文提出一种新的海洋观测复杂虚拟仪器云服务模型。根据该模型开发的海洋观测系统可以实现功能的自由定制,并可对异构环境下的海洋观测系统进行无缝集成。并针对系统集成后造成的响应时间下降问题,提出多组件副本自适应算法。通过对海洋观测系统的实际开发、集成、应用与理论分析,对该模型进行了验证。结果表明,该模型有效可行,实现了异构系统的集成,提高了系统开发效率,对海洋观测系统的大规模集成有着重要意义。 相似文献
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《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(8)
随着控制理论与计算机的飞速发展,非线性滤波已在各领域得到广泛应用。本文针对一类带乘性噪声附等式约束非线性系统,提出了一种状态滤波算法。该算法首先将状态方程和观测方程分别通过泰勒公式展开,得到新的带乘性噪声附等式约束的线性系统模型,然后通过最优观测的方法将观测方程扩维,再基于投影定理进行求解得到滤波算法,最后通过仿真验证了算法的有效性。 相似文献
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合理的观测值权阵能提高BDS、GPS及其组合系统伪距单点定位的精度。对比分析了各系统在实测数据和模拟观测条件下等权模型、高度角模型、Helmert方差分量模型3种随机模型的定位精度。结果表明:在模拟观测条件下, BDS/GPS组合系统精度最高,BDS系统次之,基于Helmert方差分量模型的精度最优,高度角模型次之;在正常观测条件下, BDS系统平面精度高于GPS系统,但高程精度低于GPS系统,其余结论与模拟条件下结果一致。研究结果可在提高BDS、GPS及其组合系统伪距单点定位精度方法中起参考作用。 相似文献
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针对单个三分量磁传感器的定位理论问题进行了研究，建立了单个三分量磁传感器的定位理论模型，并对系统可观测性进行了详细的理论分析。基于磁性目标的点源磁偶极子等效性，将定位过程中的目标视为匀速运动，推导得到了单个三分量磁传感器的定位理论模型。基于该定位模型，利用批量的观测数据对目标运动状态参数进行估计。对于系统可观测性问题，通过考察 Fisher 信息矩阵的奇异性，严格证明了单矢量磁传感器的定位系统的不可观测性。根据现实应用情景，推导了在部分先验条件已知下的可观测性，得到以下结论：1)单个三分量传感器定位模型是不可观测的；2)在部分先验已知的条件下，系统是可观测的。 最后，通过仿真试验验证了本文结论的正确性，为接下来采用单个三分量传感器对汽车、水面舰艇等一些低动态运动目标的跟踪提供了重要的理论依据。 相似文献
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为优化海上搜救资源部署、提高救助成功率,结合层次分析法与模糊综合评价法,从海上搜救的自然环境、辖区信息和行动评估3个方面选取11个指标构建海上搜救困难度评价模型,在验证模型可靠性的基础上,首次对渤海海域开展二维搜救困难度评价和研究。使用成功率来表征搜救困难度并进行时空分布特征分析,成功率越低则困难度越高。结果表明：渤海海上搜救成功率全年分布趋势为海岸线周边海域相对较低,渤海中部海域相对较高。整体来看,夏季成功率远高于其他季节,春、秋季次之,冬季最低。冬季辽东湾及秦皇岛沿岸海域成功率为全年和全海域最低。对渤海沿岸港口海域及中部海域各选1个长期观测的站点开展年变化特征分析,发现同一地点的搜救成功率年变化主要受水温影响,证实了冬季是搜救困难度最高的季节。综上所述,冬季渤海沿岸海域,尤其是辽东湾及秦皇岛沿岸海域为高困难度搜救区,需要加大日常巡逻管理,改善搜救系统部署。 相似文献
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The principal purpose of this paper is to extract entire sea surface wind＇s information from spaceborne lidar, and particularly to utilize a appropriate algorithm for removing the interference information due to white caps and subsurface water. Wind speeds are obtained through empirical relationship with sea surface mean square slopes. Wind directions are derived from relationship between wind speeds and wind directions im plied in CMOD5n geophysical models function （GMF）. Whitecaps backscattering signals were distinguished with the help of lidar depolarization ratio measurements and rectified by whitecaps coverage equation. Subsurface water backscattering signals were corrected by means of inverse distance weighted （IDW） from neighborhood non-singular data with optimal subsurface water backscattering calibration parameters. To verify the algorithm reliably, it selected NDBC＇s TAO buoy-laying area as survey region in camparison with buoys＇ wind field data and METOP satellite ASCAT of 25 km single orbit wind field data after temporal-spa tial matching. Validation results showed that the retrieval algorithm works well in terms of root mean square error （RMSE） less than 2m/s and wind direction＇s RMSE less than 21 degree. 相似文献
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数字高程模型（DEM）是描述地表起伏形态特征的空间数据模型。DEM完全可以代替传统使用等高线对地形表面的描述，进而满足对等高线数据相同的各种需求。内插是DEM的核心问题，它是DEM各种应用的基础。介绍了加权最小二乘曲面拟合法构建规则格网DEM的理论和方法。试验结果表明：加权最小二乘曲面拟合算法具有插值结果较精确、处理效率较高和模拟地表效果较好等优点。 相似文献
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重物在落水和着底过程中都会产生瞬态声信号,这类信号可被运用于浅水区域水下目标定位。 针对浅水区域目标定位的问题,提出了一种基于小型立体五元基阵的瞬态声源快速被动定位算法。 在分析重物落水信号特征的基础上,选取合适的广义互相关加权函数求得传声器之间的声程差,运用快速最小二乘搜索算法进行声源定位。 结果表明:运用 5 传声器阵列可以同时兼顾定位精度和鲁棒性,且满足实时性要求,该方法可运用于浅水区域瞬态声源定位等领域。 相似文献
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It is possible to localize a nonmaneuvering moving source radiating a constant frequency tone from measurements of the Doppler-shifted frequency at several sensors. Due to the nonlinear nature of the problem, it is necessary to find the solution by grid searches. However, if measurements of the rates of frequency changes are available, the search is only in three dimensions instead of the normal five in source frequency, its x -y positions, and speeds. The validity of combining frequency and frequency-rate measurements is confirmed with simulation studies. The overall system includes a least-squares track-sort algorithm to differentiate the true track from the extraneous track, and a Kalman tracker for the prediction of future source positions, thereby reducing the grid search size. An error analysis relating localization accuracy to uncertainties in frequency measurements and sensor positions is also given 相似文献
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Hiroshi Kawamura Huiling Qin Futoki Sakaida Riza Yuliratno Setiawan 《Journal of Oceanography》2010,66(1):61-70
An algorithm has been developed for retrieving sea surface temperature (SST) from hourly data transmitted from the Japanese
Advanced Meteorological Imager (JAMI) aboard a Japanese geostationary satellite, Multi-functional Transport Satellite (MTSAT)-1R.
Threshold tests screening cloudy pixels are empirically adjusted to cases of daytime with/without sun glitter, and nighttime.
The Non-Linear SST (NLSST) equation, including several new additional terms, is used to calculate MTSAT SST. The estimated
SST is compared with drifting and moored buoy measurements, with the result that the bias of the MTSAT SST is nearly 0.0°K.
The root mean square (rms) error is about 0.8°K, and it is 0.7°K under the condition that the satellite zenith angle is less
than 50°. It is demonstrated that the hourly MTSAT SST produced by the algorithm developed here captures diurnal SST variations
in the equatorial sea in mid-November 2006. 相似文献
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Interference signals due to scattering from surface and reflecting from bottom is one of the most important problems of reliable communications in shallow water channels. To solve this problem, one of the best suggested ways is to use adaptive equalizers. Convergence rate and misadjustment error in adaptive algorithms play important roles in adaptive equalizer performance. In this paper, affine projection algorithm （APA）, selective regressor APA（SR-APA）, family of selective partial update （SPU） algorithms, family of set-membership （SM） algorithms and selective partial update selective regressor APA （SPU-SR-APA） are compared with conventional algorithms such as the least mean square （LMS） in underwater acoustic communications. We apply experimental data from the Strait of Hormuz for demonstrating the efficiency of the proposed methods over shallow water channel. We observe that the values of the steady-state mean square error （MSE） of SR-APA, SPU-APA0 SPU-normalized least mean square （SPU-NLMS）, SPU-SR-APA0 SM-APA and SM-NLMS algorithms decrease in comparison with the LMS algorithm. Also these algorithms have better convergence rates than LMS type algorithm. 相似文献
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针对深海声定位受海洋环境变化影响明显、需考虑测量系统的环境适应性和宽容性设计问题，提出一种评估海水环境变化对定位性能影响的仿真分析方法，将声场计算、误差传播与交会解算联合建模，以西太平洋中纬度海域夏季和冬季环境为代表性场景讨论了季节性环境变化对定位性能的影响方式和影响程度。仿真结果表明，当接收器位于海洋近表层时，在夏季和冬季呈现出两种不同的声信道样式，夏季季节性温跃层影响下的定位精度较差，冬季表面波导影响下的定位精度相对较好，两者均方根误差(RMSE)相差超过50 m；当接收器位于海洋中上层时，直达波有效作用范围的季节性变化引起定位性能差异，冬季定位精度优于夏季，两者RMSE相差15～20 m；当接收器位于海洋近底层时，利用可靠声路径定位精度较高，定位性能季节性变化不明显。研究认为，海水的季节性环境变化能够改变半会聚区尺度水面声定位的声信道特性以及到达声信息、误差传播、交会求解等测量因素，进而对接收深度位于海洋上层的声定位性能产生明显影响。 相似文献
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风暴潮是一种复杂的对众多因素敏感又备受关注的海洋现象。本文基于协方差局地化的集合卡尔曼滤波方法（EnKF）,选择201810号台风“安比”登陆上海的风暴潮过程,首次将海洋站和FVCOM数值模拟的不同来源、不同误差信息、不同时空分辨率的风暴潮进行数据同化融合,获得了逐72 h的上海海域风暴潮的最优解,进行了同化结果评估验证,并给出了集合样本数和Schur半径设置范围。结果表明,实测计算和数值模拟的风暴增减水之间均方根误差为0.20 m,实测和同化计算的风暴增减水之间均方根误差为0.07 m,准确度提高了65%;独立观测和同化计算的风暴增减水均方根误差为0.09 m,集合离散度与均方根误差比值为0.90,同化效果较好且可信;同化后的风暴增减水能够较好地刻画双峰增水、台风眼增水、增水锋面等特征,对于风暴潮研究、数值模拟结果订正、海洋防灾减灾等有重要意义。 相似文献
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Satellite observations of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the surface water of the Huanghai Sea and the Bohai Sea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Based on 5 831 continuous in situ measurements of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide on the sea surface p(CO2),related parameters of the sea surface temperature(SST) and chlorophyll-a(Chl a) concentration in 2010 winter,spring and summer of the Huanghai Sea and the Bohai Sea,the inherent relations among them are investigated preliminarily.This study reveals that the seasonal variability of SST and Chl a concentration has a significant influence on p(CO2).The authors have proposed a new algorithm to estimate p(CO2) from SST and Chl a concentration measurements.Compared with the vessel data,the root mean square error(RMSE) of p(CO2) retrieved by using the new model is 13.45 μatm(1atm=101.325 kPa) and the relative error is less than 4%.Then,SST and Chl a concentration data observed by satellite are used to retrieve p(CO2) in the Huanghai Sea and the Bohai Sea;and a better accuracy can be obtained if the quality control for sea surface chlorophyll-a concentration observed by satellite is used.The RMSE of retrieved p(CO2) data with quality control and that without quality control are 15.82 μatm and 31.74 μatm,respectively. 相似文献
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Part 1's localization method, Ensemble COrrelations Raised to A Power (ECO-RAP), is incorporated into a Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (LETKF). Because brute force incorporation would be too expensive, we demonstrate a factorization property for Part 1's Covariances Adaptively Localized with ECO-rap (CALECO) forecast error covariance matrix that, together with other simplifications, reduces the cost. The property inexpensively provides a large CALECO ensemble whose covariance is the CALECO matrix. Each member of the CALECO ensemble is an element-wise product between one raw ensemble member and one column of the square root of the ECO-RAP matrix. The LETKF is applied to the CALECO ensemble rather than the raw ensemble. The approach enables the update of large numbers of variables within each observation volume at little additional computational cost. Under plausible assumptions, this makes the CALECO and standard LETKF costs similar. The CALECO LETKF does not require artificial observation error inflation or vertically confined observation volumes both of which confound the assimilation of non-local observations such as satellite observations. Using a 27 member ensemble from a global Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) system, we depict four-dimensional (4-D) flow-adaptive error covariance localization and test the ability of the CALECO LETKF to reduce analysis error. 相似文献