探地雷达图像的正演合成与偏移处理   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8  

邓世坤  王惠濂 《地球物理学报》1993,36(4):528-536

本文讨论了射线追踪法实现二维地电断面的探地雷达图像的正演合成问题,其中包括二维地电断面的数字拟合、多层连续界面介质中高频电磁波的反射与透射统一的运动学边界方程;根据Huygen's-Fresnel原理导出了均匀介质中二维管状体模型的衍射雷达波的计算公式;给出了用射线追踪法合成的二维地电模型的探地雷达图像;用衍射波公式合成了二维管状模型的雷达图像,并与物理模拟作了比较.在此基础上,用Kirchhoff积分法对数字模拟与物理模拟记录的雷达图像作了偏移处理,并给出了实例.  相似文献   

Rainfall estimation using raingages and radar — A Bayesian approach: 1. Derivation of estimators     

D. -J. Seo  J. A. Smith 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1991,5(1):17-29

Procedures for estimating rainfall from radar and raingage observations are constructed in a Bayesian framework. Given that the number of raingage measurements is typically very small, mean and variance of gage rainfall are treated as uncertain parameters. Under the assumption that log gage rainfall and log radar rainfall are jointly multivariate normal, the estimation problem is equivalent to lognormal co-kriging with uncertain mean and variance of the gage rainfall field.The posterior distribution is obtained under the assumption that the prior for the mean and inverse of the variance of log gage rainfall is normal-gamma 2. Estimate and estimation variance do not have closed-form expressions, but can be easily evaluated by numerically integrating two single integrals. To reduce computational burden associated with evaluating sufficient statistics for the likelihood function, an approximate form of parameter updating is given. Also, as a further approximation, the parameters are updated using raingage measurements only, yielding closed-form expressions for estimate and estimation variance in the Gaussian domain.With a reduction in the number of radar rainfall data in constructing covariance matrices, computational requirements for the estimation procedures are not significantly greater than those for simple co-kriging. Given their generality, the estimation procedures constructed in this work are considered to be applicable in various estimation problems involving an undersampled main variable and a densely sampled auxiliary variable.  相似文献   

A TECHNIQUE TO RECOGNIZE AND ESTIMATE SEVERE STORM BY USING SINGLE DOPPLER WEATHER RADAR   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Zhang Pengfei  Ge Runsheng  Liu Enqing 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1991,5(3):274-284

Using single Doppler weather radar echo information, this paper presents a technique for recognizing two-di-mensional flow field structure of the severe storm and estimating the divergence, the vorticity, and the intensityof wind shear line, and gives some examples.  相似文献   

SAR图像纠正的数学模型   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

肖国超 《测绘学院学报》1994,(3)

本文对Ｇ．Ｋｏｎｅｃｎｙ等提出的平距投影的合成孔径雷达（ＳＡＲ）图像纠正的数学模型给子证明，并指出其近似性。随后推导了斜距投影的雷达图像纠正的数学模型，且以雷达图像的模拟数据，验证了该数学模型与Ｇ．Ｋｏｎｅｃｎｙ的数学模型具有相同的数学精度。  相似文献   

多卜勒雷达经向速度资料的预处理方法     

周建芬  周文贤 《南京气象学院学报》1994,17(2):213-218

利用变分法原理提出了对雷达速度资料进行预处理的一种方法，数值试验表明该法能有效地消除雷达速度资料中的小尺度运动径向速度分量及“噪声”。  相似文献   

ERROR COMPARISON OF WIND FIELD RETRIEVAL FROM SINGLE AND DUAL-DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS          下载免费PDF全文

Tao Zuyu 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1994,8(3):337-345

The error distributions of the wind fields retrieved from single and dual-Doppler radar observations are given inthis paper.The results indicate that the error of dual-Doppler retrieval depends on the position in the scan region of thedual-Doppler radar.The error of single-Doppler retrieval by using velocity azimuth processing(VAP)technique de-pends on the angle between the directions of wind and the radar beam.Generally,the winds retrieved from single Doppl-er radar are close to those retrieved from dual-Doppler radar.But,the error distribution of the single-Doppler retrievalis different from the dual-Doppler retrieval.We simulate the retrievals of single Doppler observation by the use of theoutput wind data from a 3-D numerical model of severe convection.The comparison of the simulated single-anddual-Doppler retrievals shows that the VAP may be a suitable technique for the operational analysis of mesoscale windfields.It can also be used as a supplement to wind field retrieval in the field experiment.  相似文献   

RETRIEVAL OF HORIZONTAL WIND PERTURBATION FIELDS FROM SIMULATED SINGLE DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS^*          下载免费PDF全文

Gu Songshan  I. Zawadzki  S. Laroche 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1994,8(1):89-108

The application of the single Doppler radar dataset analysis is usually confined to the assumption that the actual wind is linearly distributed or uniform locally.Following some dynamic features of convective weather,a conceptual model of moderate complexity is constructed,wherewith a horizontal wind perturbation field is retrieved directly from the single Doppler radar measurements.The numerical experiments are based on a 3-D cloud model-generated convective cell,whose radial velocity component is taken as the radar observations that are put into the closed equations based on the conceptual model to retrieve the horizontal wind perturbation field.After the initial field is properly treated,the retrieval equation is solved in terms of the 2-D FFT technique and the sensitivity to noise is examined.Finally,contrast analysis is done of the retrieved and the cloud model output wind fields,indicating the usefulness of the approach proposed in this paper.  相似文献   

多物理参量检验防雹效果的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王雨曾  郁青 《气象》1995,21(10):3-8

除使用地面冰雹资料（即冰雹动能、质量、降雹强度等）外，还选用了反映雹云变化的雷达回波参量等１０个物理参量，作为作业效果的检验量，检验防雹效果。结果表明：高炮作业后雷达回波顶高、强度及３０ｄｂｚ强回波顶高显著地比作业前小；作业区比未作业区冰雹动能、冰雹质量、冰雹动能通量、质量通量、最大冰雹直径、数密度以及降雹持续时间也有明显减小。  相似文献   

Statistics on the vertical structure of rainshowers     

R. R. Rogers  K. J. Keen  M. Blaskovic 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1983,121(1):167-184

A large sample of summertime data from the McGill Radar Weather Observatory was analyzed to determine the variation with altitude of the horizontal extent of individual rainshowers. For echoes defined by a reflectivity factor of 39 dBz (equivalent to a rainfall rate of about 10 mm/h) it was found that the mean area of the total population of echoes decreases linearly with altitude from approximately 20 km² at 2 km to 11 km² at 8 km. Subsets of the total population were investigated, consisting of only the echoes penetrating the altitudes of 6, 7, and 8 km. On the average these relatively tall echoes are much greater in horizontal extent than the total population. Whereas the sizes of the total population of echoes at any altitude are distributed approximately exponentially in terms of the square root of area, the sizes of the “survivors” that extend to high altitudes may be described by the gamma distribution with a mean value decreasing approximately linearly with height above 3 km and a dispersion of 0.55. Some characteristics are also reported for echoes defined by reflectivities of 31 dBz and 47 dBz. Estimates are given of the fraction of the total area in a horizontal plane that contains echoes in each of these categories.  相似文献   

Statistics on the sizes and internal structures of rainshowers     

R. R. Rogers  K. J. Keen  A. P. Schwartz 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1983,121(1):133-166

A large sample of radar reflectivity data from essentially a full summer of operation was analyzed to determine the horizontal extents and internal structure of rain areas observed at altitude levels from 2 to 10 km. Results are given on the size distributions of individual cells or patches defined by reflectivity thresholds approximately 4 dBz apart, on the dependence of mean size on altitude and reflectivity threshold, and on the interior structure of the patches as characterized by the number and sizes of higher-threshold patches contained in each echo. In a more detailed analysis of internal structure, the data were restricted to convective echoes in which certain prescribed reflectivities, ranging from about 30 to 50 dBz, were exceeded. It was found that the dependence of mean quantities, such as patch area, on reflectivity and altitude could be approximately described by simple functions, but that the scatter of observations about the mean was usually large.  相似文献