THE MICRO-FEATURES OF HEAVY RAIN OVER GUANGZHOU IN FLOODS SEASON     

邓雪娇  黄浩辉  吴兑 《热带气象学报(英文版)》1996,2(1):104-112

In this paper, the raindrop spectral data collected at the Conghua station in Guangzhou area in June 1994 have been analyzed.It is found that the June rainfall causing great floods damage in southern China has the following features: It has long duration, large intensity, raindrop density and scale, with the largest raindrop diameter and rainfall intensity at 6.5 mm and 155.06 mm/hr respectively.on the other hand, according to weather system and rainfall nature, we divided the rainfall into five types and provided a group of Z-I relationships that can be referenced and used in radar quantitative measurement of rainfall.  相似文献   

一次中小尺度强降水火箭增雨作业效果评估     

王建恒  陈瑞敏  王国宁 《气象科技》2005,(Z1)

分析了2003年7月23夜间至24日,衡水市受副热带高压外围强西南气流及弱冷空气共同作用下出现的一次小尺度强雷雨天气。介绍了实施火箭人工催化增雨作业情况,在作业同时进行了雨量、雨滴谱、雷达和闪电定位观测,利用常规天气图资料、雷达观测资料、闪电定位仪和雨滴谱、雨量等观测资料,对此次天气过程进行了分析,并采用作业区和非作业区对比的方法,就增雨效果从雨量、雨滴谱及秩和检验(Wilcoxon氏法)等方面进行了效果分析,结果显示:在局地强对流云系含水量丰沛,云顶高度高,云层温度低,过冷水区浓厚,同时垂直风切变有利于AgI粒子的结晶和扩散时,作业时机宜选择在降雨初期云中能量聚集尚未释放时,可进一步提高增雨作业效果。  相似文献   

三类降水云雨滴谱特征研究   总被引：33，自引：1，他引：33       下载免费PDF全文

宫福久  刘吉成  李子华 《大气科学》1997,21(5):607-614

利用GBPP-100型地面雨滴谱仪在沈阳夏季测得的积云、层状云和积层混合云的降水资料，分析了三类云降水雨滴谱的谱型、微结构参量及其短时变化特征。  相似文献   

坡面降雨溅蚀及其模拟   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

汤立群 《水科学进展》1995,6(4):304-310

对雨滴的溅蚀过程及影响因素作了全面的分析。在揭示黄土地区梁峁上部雨蚀规律的基础上,运用牛顿第二运动定律,推导出雨滴对土粒撞击力的表达式。在假定雨滴溅蚀率与雨滴侵蚀力成线性关系情况下,推导出雨滴溅蚀量表达式,经桥沟流域径流场上应用,效果令人满意。  相似文献   

雨滴微波辐射特征量之间关系的探讨   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

李承明  戴铁丕 《南京气象学院学报》1995,18(1):126-142

通过对一次特定降水过程雨滴谱资料的分析，建立了Z－M、M－I和k-M的统计模式。在与理论模式和国内外有关资料的对比中，得到了一些有意义的结果。这些结果，无论对进一步的理论探讨或气象台站的实际工作，都具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

Physically based modelling of sediment generation and transport under a large rainfall simulator   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Russell Adams  Sandy Elliott 《水文研究》2006,20(11):2253-2270

A series of large rainfall simulator experiments was conducted in 2002 and 2003 on a small plot located in an experimental catchment in the North Island of New Zealand. These experiments measured both runoff and sediment transport under carefully controlled conditions. A physically based hydrological modelling system (SHETRAN) was then applied to reproduce the observed hydrographs and sedigraphs. SHETRAN uses physically based equations to represent flow and sediment transport, and two erodibility coefficients to model detachment of soil particles by raindrop erosion and overland flow erosion. The rate of raindrop erosion also depended on the amount of bare ground under the simulator; this was estimated before each experiment. These erodibility coefficients were calibrated systematically for summer and winter experiments separately, and lower values were obtained for the summer experiments. Earlier studies using small rainfall simulators in the vicinity of the plot also found the soil to be less erodible in summer and autumn. Limited validation of model parameters was carried out using results from a series of autumn experiments. The modelled suspended sediment load was also sensitive to parameters controlling the generation of runoff from the rainfall simulator plot; therefore, we found that accurate runoff predictions were important for the sediment predictions, especially from the experiments where the pasture cover was good and overland flow erosion was the dominant mechanism. The rainfall simulator experiments showed that the mass of suspended sediment increased post‐grazing, and according to the model this was due to raindrop detachment. The results indicated that grazing cattle or sheep on steeply sloping hill‐country paddocks should be carefully managed, especially in winter, to limit the transport of suspended sediment into watercourses. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

雨滴谱的变化对降水估计的影响     

吴亚昊  周筠珺  刘黎平 《成都信息工程学院学报》2015,30(1):88-95

针对雨滴谱的变化对降水估计的影响,提出根据激光雨滴谱仪上方雷达回波的结构特征将降水过程划分为对流云降水和层状云降水交替分布5个部分,通过基于2种降水类型的第Ⅰ种分类Z-R关系、基于5个部分的第Ⅱ种分类Z-R关系和基于整个降水过程的总体Z-R关系分析雨滴谱的变化对降水估计的影响。结果表明:当对流云降水向层状云降水过渡时,指数谱从无到有、多峰谱比例减小,Nw减小、μ增大、Dm变化不大;Nw与R变化相似,当Z增大时μ和Dm分别是递减和递增的;Z-R关系(Z=aRb)中a值变化范围较大、系数b在1~2波动且与层状云阶段相比,对流云阶段的a和b值较小;利用第Ⅱ种分类Z-R关系反演的雨强与基于雨滴谱仪观测数据计算的雨强最接近;雨滴谱仪在层状云阶段的反演效果明显强于对流云阶段,这与对流云降水中雨滴谱信息变化大且快等因素有关。  相似文献   

风廓线雷达和雨滴谱仪资料在北京一次弱雨雪天气中的特征分析     

翟亮  黄钰  李梓铭  陈云波  郭金兰  李靖 《干旱气象》2019,37(1):90-96

利用北京市海淀区风廓线雷达、OTT Parsivel 2多功能激光雨滴谱仪和自动气象站观测资料,对2016年11月20日北京一次雨雪天气过程的演变特征进行了初步分析。结果表明:(1)风廓线(低模式)雷达反射率因子与雨滴谱仪反射率因子序列的变化趋势一致。当风廓线雷达反射率因子亮带消失后,雨滴谱反射率因子序列出现先降后升的小幅波动,降水相态转为降雪。(2)降水相态发生雨雪转换时,风廓线雷达谱宽600 m高度分散的大值区减弱并随高度降低后,雨滴谱仪数浓度出现先降后升的小幅度波动。(3)本次弱降水相态转换发生时,风廓线雷达所探测的垂直径向速度变化不明显,而雨滴谱仪降雨强度变化却有明显减弱特征,其雨强由5 mm·h^-1下降至1 mm·h^-1左右,这对临近降水相态变化的监测预报有一定指示意义。  相似文献   

Microphysical Characteristics of Precipitation during Pre-monsoon,Monsoon, and Post-monsoon Periods over the South China Sea     

Qingwei ZENG  Yun ZHANG  Hengchi LEI  Yanqiong XIE  Taichang GAO  Lifeng ZHANG  Chunming WANG  Yanbin HUANG 《大气科学进展》2019,36(10):1103-1120

Raindrop size distribution (RSD) characteristics over the South China Sea (SCS) are examined with onboard Parsivel disdrometer measurements collected during marine surveys from 2012 to 2016. The observed rainfall is divided into pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon periods based on the different large-scale circumstances. In addition to disdrometer data, sounding observation, FY-2E satellite, SPRINTARS (Spectral Radiation-Transport Model for Aerosol Species), and NCEP reanalysis datasets are used to illustrate the dynamical and microphysical characteristics associated with the rainfall in different periods. Significant variations have been observed in respect of raindrops among the three periods. Intercomparison reveals that small drops (D < 1 mm) are prevalent during pre-monsoon precipitation, whereas medium drops (1?3 mm) are predominant in monsoon precipitation. Overall, the post-monsoon precipitation is characterized by the least concentration of raindrops among the three periods. But, several large raindrops could also occur due to severe convective precipitation events in this period. Classification of the precipitation into stratiform and convective regimes shows that the lg(N_w) value of convective rainfall is the largest (smallest) in the pre-monsoon (post-monsoon) period, whereas the D_m value is the smallest (largest) in the pre-monsoon (post-monsoon) period. An inversion relationship between the coefficient A and the exponential b of the Z?R relationships for precipitation during the three periods is found. Empirical relations between D_m and the radar reflectivity factors at Ku and Ka bands are also derived to improve the rainfall retrieval algorithms over the SCS. Furthermore, the possible causative mechanisms for the significant RSD variability in different periods are also discussed with respect to warm and cold rain processes, raindrop evaporation, convective activities, and other meteorological factors.  相似文献   

广东两次飑线过程的微物理特征分析研究     

冯璐  夏丰  万齐林  肖辉  刘显通  郑腾飞  黎慧琦 《热带气象学报》2019,35(6):812-821

基于中国气象局龙门云物理野外科学试验基地2DVD（Two-Dimensional Video Disdrometer）雨滴谱观测资料, 分析广东地区2017年5月4日（槽前型飑线）和2017年8月22日（东风型飑线）两次不同飑线系统不同降水类型的雨滴谱特征。根据雨强和雷达反射率随时间变化将降水分成对流降水和层云降水, 同时以20 mm/h为阈值将对流降水划分为对流前沿、对流中心和对流后沿。结果表明, 两次飑线系统在不同降水时期的微物理特征参数变化有所差异。槽前型飑线过程中, 对流降水的粒子分布较为分散, 中等粒径的粒子比重较高, 且对流区前半部分粒子尺寸大于“大陆性”对流特征, 后半部分粒子尺寸小于“海洋性”对流特征; 层云降水的粒子分布较为集中, 小粒径粒子居多。而东风型飑线整个降水时期基本上是由高浓度中小粒径粒子组成, 降水粒子粒径分布较为集中, 对流降水粒子介于“海洋性”和“大陆性”对流区之间。   相似文献