硬壳覆盖条件下土壤冻融期水盐运动规律研究   总被引：23，自引：4，他引：19  

李伟强  雷玉平  张秀梅  田魁祥 《冰川冻土》2001,23(3):251-257

采用大田试验,研究了水泥硬壳覆盖后冻融期土壤温度、水分、盐分的变化规律,采用室内土柱试验,研究了冻融交替时期土壤中的水盐运动规律,试验表明,土壤水泥硬壳覆盖后土壤的冻结时间减少,冻结深度变浅;明显抑制土壤水分的无效蒸发;明显抑制土壤在融冻时期的土壤返盐,同时由于“冻层滞水”在春季的融化,有淋洗表层土壤盐分的作用,使土壤表层脱盐,土柱脱融试验进一步说明,土壤经冻融过程后,土壤中的水盐发生了重新分布。  相似文献   

The Relative Impact of Regional Scale Land Cover Change and Increasing CO2 over China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Mei ZHAO  Andrew J. PITMAN 《大气科学进展》2005,22(1):58-68

A series of 17-yr equilibrium simulations using the NCAR CCM3 (T42 resolution) were performed to investigate the regional scale impacts of land cover change and increasing CO2 over China. Simulations with natural and current land cover at CO2 levels of 280,355, 430, and 505 ppmv were conducted. Results show statistically significant changes in major climate fields (e.g. temperature and surface wind speed) on a 15-yr average following land cover change. We also found increases in the maximum temperature and in the diurnal temperature range due to land cover change. Increases in CO2 affect both the maximum and minimum temperature so that changes in the diurnal range are small. Both land cover change and CO2 change also impact the frequency distribution of precipitation with increasing CO2 tending to lead to more intense precipitation and land cover change leading to less intense precipitation-indeed, the impact of land cover change typically had the opposite effect versus the impacts of CO2. Our results provide support for the inclusion of future land cover change scenarios in long-term transitory climate inodelling experiments of the 21st Century. Our results also support the inclusion of land surface models that can represent future land cover changes resulting from an ecological response to natural climate variability or increasing CO2. Overall, we show that land cover change can have a significant impact on the regional scale climate of China, and that regionally, this impact is of a similar magnitude to increases in CO2 of up to about 430 ppmv. This means that that the impact of land cover change must be accounted for in detection and attribution studies over China.  相似文献   

The Neopleistocene of North European Russia: Stratigraphy,paleogeography, and paleoclimate     

L. N. Andreicheva  T. I. Marchenko-Vagapova 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2007,15(4):421-436

The Pleistocene sediments of North European Russia have been studied using different methods to establish their composition and identify the enclosed organic remains. The results obtained elucidate natural climatic environments of the Pleistocene and corresponding sedimentation cycles and development stages. Glaciation centers are identified for different Pleistocene epochs based on lithological criteria. The established secular trends characterizing spatial distribution and composition of different-age glacial horizons facilitate their regional correlation. Climatic conditions and paleogeographic settings of sedimentation during interglacial epochs of the middle-late Pleistocene and Holocene are reconstructed. Variations in development of vegetation, temperature, and humidity are detected for the first time in the Timan-Pechora-Vychegda, Arkhangel’sk and Vologda regions with parallel coordination of obtained data. As is concluded, there was a tendency of climate cooling in North European Russia during the Neopleistocene.  相似文献   

扬子地块西南缘大面积低温成矿时代   总被引：36，自引：5，他引：36  

胡瑞忠  彭建堂  马东升  苏文超  施春华  毕献武  涂光炽 《矿床地质》2007,26(6):583-596

中国西南地区(川、滇、黔、桂、湘)发育有世界上很典型的低温成矿域,其面积之大(约90万km2)、包含的矿种之多(Au、Hg、Sb、As、P、Pb-Zn、U、Ni-Mo-PGE、重晶石、冰州石和分散元素等)、矿床组成和组合之复杂,在全球十分鲜见。扬子地块西南缘是中国西南大面积低温成矿域的重要组成部分。近年来,作者采用Rb-Sr、Sm-Nd、Ar-Ar等多种同位素定年方法,对扬子地块西南缘产出的磷矿、金矿、锑矿等低温矿床的成矿时代进行了较系统的研究。文章总结了这些研究成果,并结合前人的资料,初步拟定出该区存在三期大规模低温成矿作用,它们分别相当于晚元古代—早古生代(晚震旦世—早寒武世)、晚加里东期(晚志留世—早泥盆地)和燕山期(晚侏罗世—中白垩世)。该区的磷矿、重晶石矿和黑色页岩中的镍钼铂矿主要形成于晚元古代—早古生代,同位素年龄主要为585～540Ma;赋存于前寒武纪浅变质碎屑岩中的金-锑-钨矿床主要形成于晚加里东期,同位素年龄主要为435～380Ma;产于寒武系以后地层中的锑矿床主要是在中燕山期成矿,同位素年龄主要为160～140Ma;而该区的卡林型金矿和汞矿主要在燕山中晚期大规模成矿,同位素年龄主要为170～80Ma。  相似文献   

Late Quaternary-Holocene lake-level changes in the eastern margin of the Thar Desert,India     

Hema Achyuthan  Amal Kar  Chris Eastoe 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2007,38(4):493-507

A study on two closed salt lake basins, Tal Chapar and Parihara in the eastern margin of the Thar Desert, Rajasthan, was carried out to unravel late Quaternary geomorphic evolution of these saline lakes. Both lakes are elliptical in shape bordered by stabilised dunes, and are oriented in a NE-SW direction, i.e., in the direction of the prevailing summer monsoon wind. Both lakes have been formed in the wind-shadow zones of isolated hills of Precambrian quartzite. Our study indicates that the late Quaternary sediments in the lakes began with the cyclic deposition of laminated fine silt layers (0.5 m thick), rich in organic matter, alternating with ripple cross-bedded sand layers (each ∼1.5–2 m thick). Sand layers that are moderately sorted are separated by laminated silt-clay layers with gypsum/calcite and this unit occurs in the upper most 4 m sequence in deeper sections. The presence of gypsum crystals within the laminated sediments suggests a high concentration of Ca in the inflowing water. At Parihara Lake the organic carbon-rich sediments at 95 cm depth was dated to 7,375 + 155/−150 year BP. At Tal Chapar radiocarbon dates of 7,190 + 155/−150 and 9,903 + 360/−350 was obtained from the sediments rich in organic carbon occurring at a depth of 1.35 m and 1.80 m, respectively. The study reveals strong hydrologic oscillations during the past ∼14,000 year BP (13,090 + 310/−300 year BP). Quaternary geomorphic processes, especially the strong aeolian processes during dry climatic phases, played a major role in the formation of the lake basins, as well as the fringing linear dunes. Geochemical and mineralogical analyses of the lacustrine sediments, supported by radiocarbon dates indicate the existence of an ephemeral lake earlier than ∼13,000 year BP as sediments began to be deposited in a lacustrine environment implying sustained runoff in the catchments. A freshwater lake formed between 9,000 year and 7,000 year BP. The lake dried periodically and this strong fluctuating regime continued until about ∼7,000 year BP. Mid-Holocene was wet and this was possibly due to higher winter rains A saline lake existed between 6,000 year and 1,300 year BP and finally present day semi arid conditions set in since 1,200 year BP. Remnants of a habitation site (hearth and charred bones) on stabilised dune at Devani near Tal Chapar were dated to 240 ± 120 year, while that at Gopalpura was dated to 335 ± 90 year. These historical sites on stabilised dunes were, according to the local accounts, settlements of people who used the lake brine for manufacturing salt.  相似文献   

胶东山丘区典型流域径流年内分配特征量化研究     

刘德林  刘贤赵  李嘉竹  宿庆 《山地学报》2007,25(3):295-301

采用M ann-Kendall法和最小方差法,对大沽夹河流域1966~2004年逐月实测径流数据进行均值变点分析。根据分析结果,将径流划分为水文变化特征相似的A(1966~1971年)、B(1972~1981年)、C(1982~1996年)、D(1997~2004年)4个时段。在此基础上借鉴年降水年内分配的向量法,提出了量化径流年内分配的集中度和集中期。结果表明:1.大沽夹河的不同水文年,其径流年内分配的特征不同。时段A集中度最小,时段D最大,4个时段变差系数为0.12。时段A和时段C的集中期比较接近,最大径流出现的时间均在7月下旬,时段B和时段D的集中期比较相似,最大径流出现的时间在8月中下旬。径流年内分配与降水年内分配两者呈显著正相关。2.用月径流量计算的集中度比径流年内不均匀系数具有更高的分辨能力和有效性,用月径流量计算的集中期对应的月份与月径流最大值出现的实际月份完全一致,径流集中度、集中期能够充分定量地表征径流在年内分配的非均匀性。  相似文献   

Influence of the soil–structure interaction on the fundamental period of buildings     

Louay Khalil  Marwan Sadek  Isam Shahrour 《地震工程与结构动力学》2007,36(15):2445-2453

This paper includes an investigation of the influence of the soil–structure interaction (SSI) on the fundamental period of buildings. The behaviour of both the soil and the structure is assumed to be elastic. The soil‐foundation system is modelled using translational and rotational discrete springs. Analysis is first conducted for one‐storey buildings. It shows that the influence of the SSI on the fundamental frequency of building depends on the soil–structure relative rigidity K_ss. Analysis is then extended for multi‐storey buildings. It allows the generalization of the soil–structure relative rigidity K_s to such complex structures. Charts are proposed for taking into account the influence of the SSI in the calculation of the fundamental frequency of a wide range of buildings. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

基于MEM1谱分析的水文时间序列隐含周期特性研究   总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13  

王栋  朱元甡 《水文》2002,22(2):19-23

水文时间序列的隐含周期(本文将简单周期、复合周期及近似周期等统称为隐含周期)的识别、判定是一个重要而又较为困难的问题,相对成熟和有效的做法是对其进行频谱分析。建立在最大熵原理(POME)基础之上的MEM1谱分析,克服了传统谱分析方法的诸多不足,具有频谱光滑、分辨率高等独特优势。为此,以黄河花园口(秦厂)测站年径流系列、月径流系列和年最大洪峰流量序列隐含周期特性的研究为例,探讨了MEM1谱分析在水文时间序列隐含周期特性中的应用。  相似文献   

广西前汛期旱涝特征及成因分析     

况雪源  钟利华  黄雪松 《气象研究与应用》2001,22(4):5-8

利用 EOF分解和 Z指数对广西前汛期 (4～ 6月 )降水进行型态分布及旱涝等级的划分 ,研究旱涝的空间分布、年际变化及年代际变化 ,并对旱涝成因进行了分析。结果表明 :广西前汛期降水的一致性较好 ;6 0年代和 90年代为旱涝多发年代 ,70年代以涝为主要特征 ,80年代以旱为主要特征。影响广西前汛期降水的环流因子主要有中高纬环流经向度、北半球极涡、印缅槽及副热带高压 ;中低纬太平洋海区对广西前汛期降水多少的影响亦较明显  相似文献   

广西两系杂交稻制种安全期气候分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

涂方旭  李雄 《气象研究与应用》2001,22(4):40-43

根据两系杂交水稻制种对气象条件的要求 ,利用广西 80多站的气象资料 ,统计分析了广西各地两系杂交水稻制种的安全期 ,提出了广西杂交水稻安全制种应注意的一些气候问题  相似文献