CHARACTERISTICS OF TURBULENCE SPECTRA IN DIFFERENT WEATHER PROCESSES UNDER UNSTABLE CONDITIONS^*          下载免费PDF全文

Zhu Wenqin  Zhu Cuijuan  Li Xingsheng 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1994,8(3):296-304

In this paper,the data chosen from measurements by supersonic anemometers in Tongxian County of Beijing in 1990 are used to study characteristics of turbulence spectra in precipitation weather.Some turbulence parameters such as turbulence intensity,heat and momentum fluxes,friction velocity,M-O length and stability parameter are calculated and their dependence on turbulence spectra in different stability conditions are analyzed.Some encouraging results are obtained and compared with others' results.  相似文献   

Development of Artificial Intelligence Technology in Weather Forecast     

Leiming Ma 《地球科学进展》1986,35(6):551-560

Numerical weather prediction, which is the major basis of current weather forecast, has some shortcomings, such as the understanding of the law of atmospheric motion, the assimilation and application of observation data, the expression of model physics, etc., leading to the forecast error of weather. The rapid development of artificial intelligence technology in recent years provides a new possibility for the advancement and innovation of weather forecast. In this paper, the background of the development of artificial intelligence, the current situation of the application of artificial intelligence technology to weather forecast and the future development trend are mainly described to account for this possibility. After that, the idea for development of weather forecast technology based on the integration of artificial intelligence and numerical forecast is put forward. Particularly, this study stresses that, in order to advance the AI algorithm of weather forecast in the future, it is requested to focus on the nonlinear and chaotic characteristics of atmospheric motion leading to the uncertainty of forecast. Starting from the essence of mathematics and physics, we need to realize the hybrid modeling of mathematics and physics, not only to establish the framework of input-output mapping, but also to provide solutions to the bottleneck problems of weather forecast.  相似文献   

自忆性方程与自忆模式   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

曹鸿兴 《气象》1995,21(1):9-13

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Characteristics of air flow over Andaman islands including precipitation     

Sarat C. Kar  N. Ramanathan 《Journal of Earth System Science》1987,96(2):169-188

The characteristics of simulated air flow over Andaman Islands are studied with a two-dimensional version of the University of Virginia meso scale model (UVMM). Using the observed synoptic data as initial conditions, 24 hr simulations are obtained for a day each in April and November. These days are chosen to study the variations in the simulated flow pattern under different synoptic conditions including precipitation effects. A large scale condensation scheme is employed to consider the effect of latent heat release on the perturbations. The results show that the latent heat released by condensation strengthens the intensity of perturbations and the topography accelerates the arrival of sea breeze by about an hour. The model-simulated results, given in graphical form, are discussed and compared with available observations.  相似文献   

Statistics on the vertical structure of rainshowers     

R. R. Rogers  K. J. Keen  M. Blaskovic 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1983,121(1):167-184

A large sample of summertime data from the McGill Radar Weather Observatory was analyzed to determine the variation with altitude of the horizontal extent of individual rainshowers. For echoes defined by a reflectivity factor of 39 dBz (equivalent to a rainfall rate of about 10 mm/h) it was found that the mean area of the total population of echoes decreases linearly with altitude from approximately 20 km² at 2 km to 11 km² at 8 km. Subsets of the total population were investigated, consisting of only the echoes penetrating the altitudes of 6, 7, and 8 km. On the average these relatively tall echoes are much greater in horizontal extent than the total population. Whereas the sizes of the total population of echoes at any altitude are distributed approximately exponentially in terms of the square root of area, the sizes of the “survivors” that extend to high altitudes may be described by the gamma distribution with a mean value decreasing approximately linearly with height above 3 km and a dispersion of 0.55. Some characteristics are also reported for echoes defined by reflectivities of 31 dBz and 47 dBz. Estimates are given of the fraction of the total area in a horizontal plane that contains echoes in each of these categories.  相似文献   

Statistics on the sizes and internal structures of rainshowers     

R. R. Rogers  K. J. Keen  A. P. Schwartz 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1983,121(1):133-166

A large sample of radar reflectivity data from essentially a full summer of operation was analyzed to determine the horizontal extents and internal structure of rain areas observed at altitude levels from 2 to 10 km. Results are given on the size distributions of individual cells or patches defined by reflectivity thresholds approximately 4 dBz apart, on the dependence of mean size on altitude and reflectivity threshold, and on the interior structure of the patches as characterized by the number and sizes of higher-threshold patches contained in each echo. In a more detailed analysis of internal structure, the data were restricted to convective echoes in which certain prescribed reflectivities, ranging from about 30 to 50 dBz, were exceeded. It was found that the dependence of mean quantities, such as patch area, on reflectivity and altitude could be approximately described by simple functions, but that the scatter of observations about the mean was usually large.  相似文献   

浅谈自动气象站的防雷设计要点   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李荣迪  潘田凤 《广西气象》2005,26(2):51-52,55

运用当代防雷领域中的有关理论，对自动气象站容易遭受雷击的原因和途径进行分析，提出了自动气象站的防雷设计要点。  相似文献   

新一代天气雷达在泥石流灾害中的应用探讨     

陶云  唐川 《云南地理环境研究》2007,19(3):26-30,65

天气雷达的发展大致经历了4个阶段，其主要用于监测强对流天气、定量估计降水，是气象部门的重要探测和监测手段之一。新一代天气雷达观测的实时回波强度（Z）、径向风速（V）、速度谱宽（W）的回波图像中，提供了丰富的有关强对流天气的信息，综合使用Z、V、W的图像分析，有利于较准确和及时地监测灾害性天气。云南滑坡泥石流灾害高发区与云南暴雨中心有很好的对应关系，云南滑坡泥石流灾害空间分布与暴雨空间分布的空间相关系数为0．19，通过了0．05的显著性水平检验，也进一步说明云南暴雨在滑坡泥石流灾害发生中起着重要作用。以2004年7月5日德宏州特大山洪泥石流灾害为例子，探讨了新一代天气雷达在泥石流灾害的临阵预警中的应用。  相似文献   

Impact of Doppler Radar Wind in Simulating the Intensity and Propagation of Rainbands Associated with Mesoscale Convective Complexes Using MM5-3DVAR System     

S. Abhilash  Someshwar Das  S. R. Kalsi  M. Das Gupta  K. Mohankumar  John P. George  S. K. Banerjee  S. B. Thampi  D. Pradhan 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(8-9):1491-1509

Pre-monsoon rainfall around Kolkata (northeastern part of India) is mostly of convective origin as 80% of the seasonal rainfall is produced by Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCS). Accurate prediction of the intensity and structure of these convective cloud clusters becomes challenging, mostly because the convective clouds within these clusters are short lived and the inaccuracy in the models initial state to represent the mesoscale details of the true atmospheric state. Besides the role in observing the internal structure of the precipitating systems, Doppler Weather Radar (DWR) provides an important data source for mesoscale and microscale weather analysis and forecasting. An attempt has been made to initialize the storm-scale numerical model using retrieved wind fields from single Doppler radar. In the present study, Doppler wind velocities from the Kolkata Doppler weather radar are assimilated into a mesoscale model, MM5 model using the three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) system for the prediction of intense convective events that occurred during 0600 UTC on 5 May and 0000 UTC on 7 May, 2005. In order to evaluate the impact of the DWR wind data in simulating these severe storms, three experiments were carried out. The results show that assimilation of Doppler radar wind data has a positive impact on the prediction of intensity, organization and propagation of rain bands associated with these mesoscale convective systems. The assimilation system has to be modified further to incorporate the radar reflectivity data so that simulation of the microphysical and thermodynamic structure of these convective storms can be improved.  相似文献   

影响北京地区的沙尘暴   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4  

刘晓春  曾燕  邱新法  缪启龙 《南京气象学院学报》2002,25(1):118-123

利用1971－1996年的地面气象月报和地面天气图资料，借助地理信息系统，逐次分析了影响北京地区沙尘暴天气过程的演变规律，确定了影响北京地区沙尘暴天气过程的移动路径和源地。结果表明：北京地区沙尘暴主要发生在春季和初夏，以4月为最多。根据沙尘暴的起源，可将影响北京的沙尘暴天气过程分为外源型和内源型两类。沙尘暴的移动路径主要包括北路和西路两条。外源型沙尘暴的入侵地点集中在：1）内蒙古乌兰察布盟和锡林郭勒盟西部的二连浩特市、阿巴嘎旗；2）哈密市以东至内蒙古阿拉善盟的中蒙边境。内源型沙尘暴的起源地主要集中在腾格里沙漠及其周边地区。  相似文献