Analysis of spatio-temporal features of a carbon source/sink and its relationship to climatic factors in the Inner Mongolia grassland ecosystem   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Erfu Dai  Yu Huang  Zhuo Wu  Dongsheng Zhao 《地理学报(英文版)》2016,26(3):297-312

Global climate change has become a major concern worldwide. The spatio-temporal characteristics of net ecosystem productivity (NEP), which represents carbon sequestration capacity and directly describes the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of carbon sources/sinks (C sources/sinks), are crucial for increasing C sinks and reducing C sources. In this study, field sampling data, remote sensing data, and ground meteorological observation data were used to estimate the net primary productivity (NPP) in the Inner Mongolia grassland ecosystem (IMGE) from 2001 to 2012 using a light use efficiency model. The spatio-temporal distribution of the NEP in the IMGE was then determined by estimating the NPP and soil respiration from 2001 to 2012. This research also investigated the response of the NPP and NEP to the main climatic variables at the spatial and temporal scales from 2001 to 2012. The results showed that most of the grassland area in Inner Mongolia has functioned as a C sink since 2001 and that the annual carbon sequestration rate amounts to 0.046 Pg C/a. The total net C sink of the IMGE over the 12-year research period reached 0.557 Pg C. The carbon sink area accounted for 60.28% of the total grassland area and the sequestered 0.692 Pg C, whereas the C source area accounted for 39.72% of the total grassland area and released 0.135 Pg C. The NPP and NEP of the IMGE were more significantly correlated with precipitation than with temperature, showing great potential for C sequestration.  相似文献   

农业活动对表层岩溶泉水化学特征及溶解无机碳损失量的影响     

张笑微  徐尚全  周小萍 《中国岩溶》2013,32(2):133-139

以重庆市南川区不同农业活动强度下的3个表层岩溶泉为例,通过分析泉点水化学变化特征来估算不同泉点的DIC损失量（△DIC）和探讨农业活动对岩溶碳汇的影响。研究结果表明:柏树湾泉水温变幅较小,电导率、pH值相对兰花沟泉、后沟泉较低。由于农业活动的影响,兰花沟泉、后沟泉Ca2+ 浓度偏高,而HCO3-浓度偏低。NO3-、SO42-浓度也因农业活动干扰,表现出后沟泉、兰花沟泉远大于柏树湾泉。随农业活动强度的增加,△DIC也逐渐增大,表现为:柏树湾泉（1.64 mmol/L）＜兰花沟泉（4.28 mmol/L）＜后沟泉（4.36 mmol/L）。△DIC与(SO42-+NO3-)呈正相关,表明农业活动越强烈,DIC损失量越大,岩溶碳汇的损失也随之增大。   相似文献   

北方不同植被下土壤岩石试片的溶蚀速率及碳汇分析——以山西汾阳地区为例   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

黄奇波  覃小群  刘朋雨  唐萍萍 《中国岩溶》2013,32(3):258-265

通过山西汾阳不同植被条件下的对比溶蚀实验,并结合土壤有机碳和无机碳含量测试分析及土壤水分含量和CO2浓度野外现场测试,揭示出北方半干旱条件下的溶蚀速率特征及其影响因素,结果表明:（1）不同植被条件下的土下试片溶蚀速率差异明显,林地的地面以下溶蚀速率最大,为0.551 1 mg/(cm2?a),分别是灌丛[0.258 5 mg/(cm2?a)]和草地[0.254 7 mg/(cm2?a)]的 2.13倍和2.16倍;表明随着植被的正向演替,碳酸盐岩溶蚀速率有增加的趋势。（2）试片溶蚀速率主要受土壤有机碳、无机碳、水分控制,受土壤CO2浓度影响小;其中土壤有机碳含量、土壤水分与试片溶蚀速率呈正相关,土壤无机碳含量与试片溶蚀速率呈负相关;高浓度的无机碳使部分试片经过溶蚀后重量不减反增,造成试片溶蚀速率偏低。（3）以林地、灌丛、草地条件下试片土下平均溶蚀速率计算出研究区岩溶碳汇强度为1.815 tCO2/(km2?a),与前人根据水化学径流法计算的结果[8.69 tCO2/(km2?a) ]相比偏小。这意味着由溶蚀试片法来计算我国岩溶碳汇量可能会比实际偏小。   相似文献   

三工河流域绿洲土地利用对土壤特性的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

罗格平  陈曦  许文强 《地理学报(英文版)》2008,18(4):483-498

Understanding the effect of human activities on the soil environment is fundamental to understanding global change and sustainable development. In the process of transformation of tropical rain forests and semiarid grasslands to farmlands, land degradation usually occurs. But the transformation of arid desert landscape to oasis is found to have quite different consequences. Taking an alluvial plain oasis in the north piedmont of the Tianshan Mountains as a case study, we investigate oasis soil properties related to different land-use systems during the transformation of arid desert to oases. Selected land-use systems con- sisted of an annual crop field less than 3 years old, annual crop field 3-6 years old, annual crop field more than 6 years old, perennial crop field less than 4 years old, perennial crop field of 4-6 years old, perennial crop field more than 6 years old, abandoned farmland more than 3 years old, woodland field more than 6 years old, ecological forestation field, natural shrubbery field, desert grass land, and saline or alkaline field. Different land-use systems affect significantly the distribution of sand, silt and clay. Sand content in oasis soil tends to decrease with cultivation years but silt and clay contents tend to be increased in the oasis soils. Soil fertility is higher in the land-use systems under strong human disturbance than under weak human disturbance. Oasis soil nutrients also tend to increase with cultivation years. Soils have a significantly lower salinity in the land-use systems under strong human disturbance than under weak human disturbance. Soil organic matter and nutrients of the annual and perennial crop systems in the oasis tend to increase with cultivation time with the oasis soil acting as a carbon sink. These results show that soils are not degraded and the soil quality is gradually improved under rational land use and scientific management patterns, including uniform exploitation of land resources, effective irrigation systems, sound drainage systems, balanced ferti  相似文献   

海洋支撑碳中和技术体系框架构建的思考与建议     

王文涛  刘纪化  揭晓蒙  李黎  何方 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2022,52(3):1-7

海洋在全球气候变化及应对方面发挥了重要作用,国际上正在从增汇和减排两个技术体系层面探索实践海洋对碳中和的支撑作用.本文立足中国海洋碳汇资源扩增和海洋可再生能源开发,从滨海湿地、渔业碳汇、微生物碳汇、海底碳封存、海洋可再生能源、耦合优化及前瞻性技术方面,构建了海洋支撑碳中和的技术体系,并对未来技术发展进行展望.建议加强海...  相似文献   

Sink rate of baited hooks during deployment of a pelagic longline from a New Zealand fishing vessel     

Simon Anderson  Brian Mcardle 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(1):185-195

The sink rate of baited hooks during the deployment of a pelagic longline was determined using time depth recorders. This study was undertaken to determine how long baited hooks are within the known diving ranges of seabirds. During the vessel's normal fishing operations the unweighted baited hooks reached a mean depth of 5.57 m, 30 s after being deployed. The tori line aerial section covered the longline for a mean time of 29.3 s. With the addition of a 60 g lead swivel, the mean baited hook depth attained more than doubled to 13.44 m, and a further trial using a lead core cord in the snood configuration showed a small but significant increase in hook depth over the unweighted control (7.27 m). An increase in wind speed caused the baited hooks to sink faster (0.54 m for each Beaufort unit increase in wind speed). There was also evidence that the apparent wind direction while the vessel is setting also has an effect on the depths realised, but swell height had no detectable effect. The temperature of the bait also significantly affected the hook depth: partially thawed baits sank faster than thawed baits. A 1°C rise in bait temperature reduced the depth by 0.19 m. During normal line setting on this vessel using unweighted branchlines and a tori line, a considerable proportion of the baited hooks are within the known diving range of sooty shearwaters (Puffinus griseus), white chinned petrels (Procellaria aequinoctialis), shy albatross (Thalassarche cauta), black browed albatross (T. melanophrys), grey headed albatross (T. chrysostoma), and light mantled sooty albatross (Phoebetria palpebrata). The addition of a 60 g weight removes the baited hooks from the recorded diving range of all of these species except sooty shearwaters. Investigating the behaviour of different gear configurations along with evaluating the effect that environmental conditions have on the deployment of a longline will greatly add to our understanding of why some seabirds are caught.  相似文献   

海洋中尺度涡的机械能及其源汇研究*          下载免费PDF全文

尚晓东  徐驰  陈桂英  练树民 《热带海洋学报》2013,(2)

由于观测手段的限制,海洋中尺度涡的能量输送及生成与耗散动力过程一直是世界大洋能量循环中悬而未决的一个问题,而中尺度涡在海洋中又广泛存在,它不仅占据海洋表层动能的绝大部分,而且是能量级串中连接大尺度和小尺度的中间环节,在大洋能量传输中扮演着重要的角色。文章以中尺度涡场机械能的大小、分布、源汇为主线,结合作者在这方面的最新研究成果,综述当前对中尺度涡机械能及其源汇的研究进展。  相似文献   

Effects of soil surface components on soil hydrological behaviour in a dry Mediterranean environment (Southern Spain)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Jose Damian Ruiz Sinoga  Juan Francisco Martinez Murillo 《Geomorphology》2009,108(3-4):234-245

Various researchers have studied the spatial pattern of soil surface components such as vegetation, rock fragments, bare soil, litter and surface crusts, as a key factor of hydrological behaviour in Mediterranean settings with heterogeneous patches of vegetation cover and strong human impact. The studies indicate that there is a mosaic of patches that generate run-off or infiltrate overland flow, distributed in various ways along hillslopes. Few of these studies, however, have looked at areas underlain by metamorphic rocks such as phyllites or schists. This study analysed the temporal and spatial variability of the effects of soil surface components on hydrological processes in a small dry Mediterranean catchment underlain by metamorphic rocks. A systematic sampling of multiple sites throughout a hydrological year was carried out.We related the hydrological behaviour of soil surface components to 1) their position along the hillslope, 2) the distance of existing vegetation tussocks from the line of run-off, 3) rainfall intensity and 4) the main physical/chemical soil properties affecting infiltration processes. Statistical analysis was used to check the validity of the relationships. The results show that soil surface components have highly variable effects, in both space and time, on soil hydrological behaviour. These effects particularly depend on the location along the line of maximum slope and the intensity of preceding rainfall, whose interaction defines soil hydrological status. These results are similar to those for other Mediterranean settings with different lithology, in that the succession of contributing patches are hydrologically interconnected along a hillslope. The variables used and the grouping of explanatory variables through principal component analyses were found to be suitable for discussing the spatial distribution of soil surface components in the hydrologically dynamic environment of the study area.  相似文献   

黄河干流龙门至三门峡间泥沙沉积汇的研究     

许炯心 《地理学报》2009,64(5)

龙门-三门峡河段是黄河干流3大沉积汇之一.运用泥沙收支平衡方法,基于1920-2006年间长系列实测水沙资料,研究了这一沉积汇的存贮、释放和泥沙输移过程及其变化.研究表明.87年尺度上,龙门-三门峡沉积汇泥沙存贮量的变化可以划分为4个阶段:(1)1920-1959年,处于"准自然"状况下,泥沙存贮量缓慢增加:(2)1960-1967年,由于三门峡水库拦沙,导致泥沙存贮快速增加;(3)1968-1985年,三门峡水库先后经历"滞洪排沙"和"蓄清排浑"运用阶段,泥沙的存贮与释放接近于平衡;(4)1986-2006年,人类大量引水,在来沙量减小的情况下,泥沙存贮量增加.在年内,龙门-三门峡间泥沙沉积汇表现出泥沙的存贮-释放过程的交替,7月至8月主汛期,表现为泥沙存贮;9月至次年5月,泥沙存贮量为负值,表现为泥沙释放.公元155年至2006年的1800余年间,龙门-潼关沉积汇的沉积速率经历了一个由加速到减慢的旋回,其形成原因可以用人类活动方式与强度的变化来解释.在三门峡水库修建前的"准自然"时期,泥沙的存贮量和排沙比均与来水、来沙及其组合有密切的关系.总来沙量越大,含沙量越大,来沙系数越大,则泥沙存贮量越大而排沙比越小.  相似文献   

An integrated approach for modeling solute transport in streams and canals with applications     

L. Chen  J. Zhu  M.H. Young  R.B. Susfalk 《Journal of Hydrology》2009,378(1-2):128-136

A new modeling approach for solute transport in streams and canals was developed to simulate solute dissolution, transport, and decay with continuously migrating sources. The new approach can efficiently handle complicated solute source feeding schemes and initial conditions. Incorporating the finite volume method (FVM) and the ULTIMATE QUICKEST numerical scheme, the new approach is capable of predicting fate and transport of solute that is added to small streams or canals, typically in a continuous fashion. The approach was tested successfully using a hypothetical case, and then applied to an actual field experiment, where linear anionic polyacrylamide (LA-PAM) was applied to an earthen canal. The field experiment was simulated first as a fixed boundary problem using measured concentration data as the boundary condition to test model parameters and sensitivities. The approach was then applied to a moving boundary problem, which included subsequent LA-PAM dissolution, settling to the canal bottom and transport with the flowing canal water. Simulation results showed that the modeling approach developed in this study performed satisfactorily and can be used to simulate a variety of transport problems in streams and canals.  相似文献