Role of unusual moisture transport across Equatorial Indian Ocean on the extreme rainfall event during Kerala flood 2018     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2021

Southwestern Indian state, Kerala experienced extreme devastating statewide flood event of the century during 2018 monsoon season. In this study, an attempt has been made to bring out the salient dynamical factors contributed to the Kerala flood. There were 3 active spells over Kerala during 2018 Monsoon season. All the three spells were accustomed with the intrinsic factors of low frequency components of the active spells such as strength of monsoon Low Level Jet (LLJ), Monsoon depressions in the Bay of Bengal, favorable Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) phases and Western Pacific systems. Though all the common ingredients remain same, the third spell is distinct with the less evaporation flux over Western and Central Arabian Sea and unusual moisture transport from maritime continent through South Equatorial Indian ocean (SEIO) towards the Kerala coast across Equator. Strong meridional pressure gradient force created by the combined effect of high pressure anomaly oriented Northwest-Southeast direction across tropical Indian ocean and anomalous low pressure along monsoon trough might have contributed to this unusual moisture transport across SEIO originating from west of Australia. The anomalous high pressure in South Indian ocean was greatly influenced by the position of the Mascarene high. Subtropical Indian ocean dipole (SIOD) also exhibits an influential role by altering tropical Southern Indian ocean dynamics in favor of the unusual moisture transport. The position of the monsoon depression and presence of typhoons in Western Pacific might have aided to this moisture transport. However, the normal moisture transport from Central Arabian sea towards Kerala coast by virtue of the strong LLJ along with additional moisture transport directly from South of maritime continent through SEIO across the Equator towards Kerala coast might have played a dominant role in the historical flood event over entire Kerala state.  相似文献   

Distribution of n-alkan-2-ones in Qionghai Lake sediments,southwest China,and its potential for late Quaternary paleoclimate reconstruction     

Gen Wang  Yongli Wang  Zhifu Wei  Wei He  Ting Zhang  Xueyun Ma  Xiaoli Yu 《第四纪科学杂志》2021,36(2):288-297

Studies on long-chain n-alkan-2-ones from lake sediments remain sparse. In this study, we present an n-alkan-2-one record from Qionghai Lake, southwest China, to assess the paleoclimate significance of variations in their compositions. A homologous series of n-alkan-2-ones ranging from C₂₁ to C₃₅ were identified, with maximum concentrations of the C₂₉ or C₃₁ chain lengths and a strong odd-over-even predominance. This type of n-alkan-2-one is considered to derive mainly from microbial oxidation of the corresponding n-alkanes, and partial inputs from plants. The n-alkan-2-one-derived average chain length (ACL) and carbon preference index (CPI) values changed significantly over the past 28k cal a bp , consistent with the sediment grain size and n-alkane proxies from the same core. Generally, the high CPI_27-33-ket and low ACL_27-33-ket values indicated cold and dry climates such as for the Last Glacial Maximum (23.2–19.7k cal a bp ), Heinrich 1 event (17.6–15.6k cal a bp ) and Younger Dryas (12.8–11.6k cal a bp ), but low CPI_27-33-ket and high ACL_27-33-ket values denoted a warm and humid Holocene Climatic Optimum (7.0–4.3k cal a bp ). Therefore, n-alkan-2-ones have great paleoclimatic potential and can be applied together with other biomarkers to reconstruct a reliable paleoclimate record in lake sediments.  相似文献   

P–T–t evolution of the Cycladic Blueschist Unit in Western Anatolia/Turkey: Geodynamic implications for the Aegean region     

Mete Çetinkaplan  Osman Candan  Roland Oberhänsli  Masafumi Sudo  Bénédicte Cenki-Tok 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2020,38(4):379-419

Eclogite and blueschist facies rocks occurring as a tectonic unit between the underlying Menderes Massif (MM) and the overlying Afyon Zone/Lycian Nappes and the Bornova Flysch Zone in western Anatolia represent the eastward continuation of the Cycladic Blueschist Unit (CBU) in Turkey. This high-P unit is attributed to the closure of the Pindos Ocean and consists of (a) a Triassic to Upper Cretaceous coherent series derived from passive continental margin sediments and (b) the tectonically overlying Upper Cretaceous Selçuk mélange with eclogite blocks embedded in a pelitic epidote-blueschist matrix. The coherent series has experienced epidote-blueschist facies metamorphism (490 ± 25°C/11.5 ± 1.5 kbar; 38 km depth). ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar white mica and ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U monazite dating of quartz metaconglomerate from coherent series yielded middle Eocene ages of 44 ± 0.3 and 40.1 ± 3.1 Ma for epidote-blueschist facies metamorphism, respectively. The epidote-blueschist facies metamorphism of the matrix of the Selçuk mélange culminates at 520 ± 15°C/13 ± 1.5 kbar, 43 km depth, and is dated at 57.5 ± 0.3–54.5 ± 0.1 Ma (⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar phengite). Eclogite facies metamorphism of the blocks (570 ± 30°C/18 ± 2 kbar, 60 km depth) is early Eocene and dated at 56.2 ± 1.5 Ma by ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U zircon. Eclogites experienced a nearly isothermal retrogression (490 ± 40°C/~6 to 7 kbar) during their incorporation into the Selçuk mélange. The retrograde overprints of the coherent series (410 ± 15°C/7 ± 1.5 kbar from Dilek Peninsula and 485 ± 33°C/~6 to 7 kbar from Selçuk–Tire area) and the Selçuk mélange (510 ± 15°C/6 ± 1 kbar) are dated at 35.8 ± 0.5–34.3 ± 0.1 Ma by ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar white mica and 31.6 ± 6.6 Ma by ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U allanite dating methods, respectively. Regional geological constrains reveal that the contact between the MM and the CBU originally formed a lithosphere-scale transform fault zone. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar white mica age from the contact indicates that the CBU and the MM were tectonically juxtaposed under greenschist facies conditions during late Eocene, 35.1 ± 0.3 Ma.  相似文献   

Securing blue wealth: The need for a special sustainable development goal for the ocean and coasts     

《Marine Policy》2014

The ocean regulates the global climate, provides humans with natural resources such as food, materials, important substances, and energy, and is essential for international trade and recreational and cultural activities. Together with human development and economic growth, free access to, and availability of, ocean resources and services have exerted strong pressure on marine systems, ranging from overfishing, increasing resource extraction, and alteration of coastal zones to various types of thoughtless pollution. Both economic theory and many case studies suggest that there is no “tragedy of the commons” but a “tragedy of open access”. With high likeliness, structures of open access are non-sustainable. International cooperation and effective governance are required to protect the marine environment and promote the sustainable use of marine resources in such a way that due account can be taken of the environmental values of current generations and the needs of future generations. For this purpose, developing and agreeing on one Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) specifically for the Ocean and Coasts could prove to be an essential element. The new SDGs will build upon the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and replace them by 2015. Ensuring environmental sustainability in a general sense is one of the eight MDGs but the ocean is not explicitly addressed. Furthermore, the creation of a comprehensive underlying set of ocean sustainability targets and effective indicators developed within a global Future Ocean Spatial Planning (FOSP) process would help in assessing the current status of marine systems, diagnosing ongoing trends, and providing information for inclusive, forward-looking, and sustainable ocean governance.  相似文献   

Comparison of EnOI and EnKF regional ocean reanalysis systems     

《Ocean Modelling》2015

This study compares two regional eddy resolving ocean reanalysis systems, based on the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) and ensemble optimal interpolation (EnOI), focusing on data assimilation aspects. Both systems are configured for the Tasman Sea using the same ocean model with 0.1° resolution and commonly available observations of satellite altimetry, sea surface temperature and subsurface temperature and salinity. The primary goals are to quantify the difference in performance of the EnKF and EnOI and investigate how important this difference might be from an oceanographic perspective. We find that both systems generally constrain mesoscale circulation in the region, with some exceptions for the East Australian Current separation region, the most energetic and chaotic part of the domain. Overall, the EnKF is found to consistently outperform the EnOI, producing on average 9–21% smaller innovations. The EnKF also has better forecast skill relative to the persisted analysis than the EnOI. For SST the EnKF forecast outperforms persisted analysis by about 17%, which indicates that the surface circulation is mainly constrained. The EnKF and EnOI are shown to produce qualitatively different increments of unobserved or sparsely observed variables; however, we find only moderate improvements of the EnKF over EnOI in subsurface temperature fields when compared against withheld XBT observations. We attribute this lack of a major improvement in subsurface reconstruction to the inability of the EnKF to linearly constrain the system due to initialisation shock, model error caused by open boundaries, and possibly insufficient observations.  相似文献   

华北克拉通北缘中段赤峰撰山子矿区石炭纪-二叠纪侵入岩年代学和地球化学:对古亚洲洋构造演化的制约SCIEI北大核心CSCD     

杨帆  姜艳艳  陈井胜  韩兴 《岩石学报》2022,(8):2467-2488

本文对华北克拉通北缘中段赤峰撰山子矿区二长闪长岩、花岗(斑)岩等进行了岩相学、地球化学、锆石U-Pb定年以及Hf同位素研究,以期对古亚洲洋演化形成制约。锆石U-Pb定年显示,二长闪长岩和花岗岩形成于早石炭世(341.0±2.2Ma、324.1±4.3Ma),花岗斑岩形成于晚二叠世(252.8±3.2Ma、252.0±1.5Ma)。岩石地球化学及Hf同位素表明,二长闪长岩为高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩,形成于火山弧环境,其源区可能是俯冲板片脱水交代的地幔楔部分熔融产生玄武质岩浆上涌,导致新生地壳物质的部分熔融,并有部分玄武质岩浆加入形成的产物;花岗岩及花岗斑岩均为高钾钙碱性A型花岗岩,花岗岩形成于火山弧环境,花岗斑岩形成于造山后伸展环境,二者皆为新生地壳部分熔融的产物。综合前人研究认为,早石炭世-晚二叠世,研究区经历了古亚洲洋俯冲、弧-陆碰撞以及造山后伸展等阶段。  相似文献   

加拿大纽芬兰岛Indian Head Range地块格林威尔期二长花岗岩年龄、Nd-Hf同位素特征——块体属性与演化新证据     

王朝阳  王涛  张颖慧 《岩石矿物学杂志》2022,41(4):714-726

加拿大阿巴拉契亚造山带纽芬兰岛Humber带基底地块属性及地壳生长演化是近年来关注的科学问题,尤其是岛内西南部的Indian Head Range地块,其年龄组成与同位素特征研究对区域基底构造属性划分与对比至关重要。本文对Indian Head Range地块内的二长花岗岩岩体进行了锆石U-Pb定年,得到其²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄值为1 149±4 Ma,代表该岩体的侵位年龄。这一定年结果表明该岩体具有中元古代晚期的年龄,为该地块格林威尔期岩浆事件的存在提供了新的年龄证据。Nd-Hf同位素分析结果显示,该二长花岗岩岩体εNd值为-2.3,εHf值介于+1.93～+3.65之间,两阶段Hf模式年龄介于1.84～1.73 Ga之间。结合前人研究,我们认为Humber带内各地块发育约1.5 Ga、1.15 Ga和1.0 Ga的3期花岗质岩浆事件,它们具有相似的Hf模式年龄值,暗示它们均来源于古元古代新生地壳物质的再造。带内格林威尔基底地块均为原地基底,且与劳伦大陆远端东部边缘具有一致的岩浆-构造演化史。以上研究对Humber带内格林威尔基底...  相似文献   

关于古亚洲洋构造演化研究的几点思考     

唐克东  鞠楠  张大权  张国宾  冯玥  孔金贵 《地质与资源》2022,31(3):246

古亚洲洋不是西伯利亚陆台和华北地台间的一个简单洋盆,而是在不同时间、不同地区打开和封闭的多个大小不一的洋盆复杂活动(包括远距离运移)的综合体.其北部洋盆起始于新元古代末-寒武纪初(573~522Ma)冈瓦纳古陆裂解形成的寒武纪洋盆.寒武纪末-奥陶纪初(510~480Ma),冈瓦纳古陆裂解的碎块、寒武纪洋壳碎块和陆缘过渡壳碎块相互碰撞、联合形成原中亚-蒙古古陆.奥陶纪时,原中亚-蒙古古陆南边形成活动陆缘,志留纪形成稳定大陆.泥盆纪初原中亚-蒙古古陆裂解,裂解的碎块在新形成的泥盆纪洋内沿左旋断裂向北运动,于晚泥盆世末到达西伯利亚陆台南缘,重新联合形成现在的中亚-蒙古古陆.晚古生代时,在现在的中亚-蒙古古陆内发生晚石炭世(318~316Ma)和早二叠世(295~285Ma)裂谷岩浆活动,形成双峰式火山岩和碱性花岗岩类.蒙古-鄂霍次克带是西伯利亚古陆和中亚-蒙古古陆之间的泥盆纪洋盆,向东与古太平洋连通,洋盆发展到中晚侏罗世,与古太平洋同时结束,其洋壳移动到西伯利亚陆台边缘受阻而向陆台下俯冲,在陆台南缘形成广泛的陆缘岩浆岩带,从中泥盆世到晚侏罗世都非常活跃.古亚洲洋的南部洋盆始于晚寒武世.此时,华北古陆从冈瓦纳古陆裂解出来,在其北缘形成晚寒武世-早奥陶世的被动陆缘和中奥陶世-早志留世的沟弧盆系.志留纪腕足类生物群的分布表明,华北地台北缘洋盆与塔里木地台北缘、以及川西、云南、东澳大利亚有联系,而与上述的古亚洲洋北部洋盆没有关连,两洋盆之间有松嫩-图兰地块间隔.晚志留世-早泥盆世,华北地台北部发生弧-陆碰撞运动,泥盆纪时,在松嫩地块南缘形成陆缘火山岩带,晚二叠世-早三叠世华北地台与松嫩地块碰撞,至此古亚洲洋盆封闭.古亚洲洋的南、北洋盆最后的褶皱构造,以及与塔里木地台之间发生的直接关系,很可能是后期的构造运动所造成的.  相似文献   

藏南冈底斯岩浆带研究进展与展望     

孟元库  袁昊岐  魏友卿  张书凯  刘金庆 《高校地质学报》2022,28(1):1-31

冈底斯岩浆岩带（以下简称冈底斯带）是新特提斯洋俯冲和印度—亚洲板块碰撞的产物,为典型的复合型大陆岩浆弧,是研究板块增生、大陆地壳生长再造和碰撞造山的天然实验室。大量研究揭示新特提斯洋主要经历了4个重要的演化时期：分别是早期俯冲（>152 Ma）、晚期俯冲（100~65 Ma）、主碰撞（55~40 Ma）和后碰撞伸展期（23 Ma至今）。前人对其开展了大量的工作,并取得了重要的认识和进展,然而关于新特提斯洋的形成和演化以及冈底斯带火成岩岩浆源区的属性、精细的成岩过程等方面仍然存在着激烈的争议。文章首先介绍了冈底斯带的研究历史和大地构造背景,对冈底斯带目前存在的主要科学问题和争议进行了初步梳理,从13个方面进行了论述和总结。初步的梳理给出的启示是：冈底斯带是一个典型的岩浆—构造—成矿—变形变质带,经历了长期、复杂和多阶段的演化过程,而不是简单地拼贴于古老拉萨地体之上的新生大陆岛弧体。主要认识包括：（1）冈底斯岛弧带是研究新特提斯洋俯冲最为理想的场所,记录了新特提斯洋演化的关键信息,是破解新特提斯洋板片初始俯冲时限和板片俯冲方式最佳的研究对象;（2）冈底斯带中不同时代的花岗岩基或岩株可能经历了一个多期次组装累积的过程,今后应运用晶粥体的模型去重新理解冈底斯带花岗质岩石的形成和动力学成岩过程;（3）冈底斯地区地幔的性质沿着走向表现出复杂性,具有地球化学上的不均一性;（4）冈底斯带的火成岩存在同位素上的倒转,这可能暗示冈底斯地区存在老的基底;（5）冈底斯岛弧带在构造上具有明显的掀斜性,表现出东段以下地壳组分为主,中西段以中上地壳组分为主,暗示了冈底斯带自新生代以来经历了一个不均衡的构造抬升和剥露过程; （6）冈底斯带的研究对象仍以火成岩为主,研究方法多限于传统的岩石学和放射性Sr-Nd-Hf同位素手段,而非传统的稳定性同位素（Mg-O-Li-B-Mo）的研究却鲜有报道,并且在研究内容上主要以岩石成因和地质年代学为主,而对火成岩侵位过程和成岩后的构造变形和抬升剥蚀等相关研究则相对薄弱;（7）目前,构造地质学手段在冈底斯带的研究中运用较少,常以岩浆演化来代替构造演化。最后,文章针对目前的研究现状,对冈底斯带未来的研究方向进行了展望。  相似文献   

西昆仑甜水海黄羊沟闪长玢岩年代学、地球化学特征及构造背景     

张博文  苏春媚  冯汉清  任文林 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2022,52(5):1575-1593

黄羊沟闪长玢岩岩体侵位于甜水海—喀喇昆仑地块上侏罗统红其拉甫组灰岩地层中,为了厘定其形成时代,揭示岩石成因以及构造背景,对黄羊沟闪长玢岩岩体进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学及全岩地球化学分析研究。岩石地球化学研究结果表明,该岩体锆石U-Pb年龄为(159.9±1.4) Ma,形成于碰撞后伸展环境,源区具幔源特征,有地壳物质同化混染参与,形成条件为低压、强氧化环境,经历中等分异作用。该岩体具低硅（w(SiO₂)=56.11%~57.36%）、高钙（w(CaO)=4.29%~6.59%）、富碱（w(Na₂O+K₂O)=6.00%~7.96%）特征,属准铝质（A/NCK=0.79~0.95）岩石,且富集大离子亲石元素K、Rb、Ba、Th、U及亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等,具微弱Eu负异常,δEu均值为0.97。通过区域岩浆活动对比研究,认为黄羊沟岩体与班—怒缝合带革吉地区的帕阿岩体I型花岗岩体具有很强的亲缘性,且与班—怒缝合带内的岩浆岩时限一致,表明甜水海地体南部的黄羊沟闪长玢岩是班—怒缝合带以北区域中、新特提斯洋向南俯冲的岩浆作用响应。  相似文献