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141.
稳定同位素地球化学研究新况 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
近年来稳定同位素地球化学进展显著。同位素测试方面的主要进展表现为:①离子探针质谱及激光制样系统的迅速发展和在同位素分析中广泛应用;②同位素测量仪器的自动化和电脑化;③分析方法和结果标准化;④新的同位素分析方法的开拓。同位素分馏机制方面最突出的进展是对与质量无关的同位素分馏的研究。已发现这种分馏在大气化学反应中和前太阳系阶段起重要作用。同时对热力学和动力学同位素分馏研究正进一步系统化。同位素应用方面,地球表面圈层研究受到更多注意。与资源与环境问题直接相关的研究更受到特别重视。对硼、硅、氯和锂等同位素新方法的地质应用也进展突出。 相似文献
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Praveen Kumar Peter Guttarp Efi Foufoula-Georgiou 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1994,8(3):173-183
We present a statistically robust approach based on probability weighted moments to assess the presence of simple scaling in geophysical processes. The proposed approach is different from current approaches which rely on estimation of high order moments. High order moments of simple scaling processes (distributions) may not have theoretically defined values and consequently, their empirical estimates are highly variable and do not converge with increasing sample size. They are, therefore, not an appropriate tool for inference. On the other hand we show that the probability weighted moments of such processes (distributions) do exist and, hence, their empirical estimates are more robust. These moments, therefore, provide an appropriate tool for inferring the presence of scaling. We illustrate this using simulated Levystable processes and then draw inference on the nature of scaling in fluctuations of a spatial rainfall process. 相似文献
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U. von Grafenstein H. Erlenkeuser A. Kleinmann J. Müller P. Trimborn 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1994,11(3):349-357
High-resolution oxygen-isotope records of benthic ostracods and molluscs from Ammersee, southern Germany, show high-frequency climatic changes during the last deglaciation and parallel in great detail published faunal and floral variations reconstructed from Norwegian Sea sediments and isotope variations in Greenland ice cores. The marine and the terrestrial records give evidence of a synchronous late glacial climatic development in Greenland, NW- and Mid-Europe. However,14C-ages of the supraregional climatic events and of two tephra layers in the marine sediments of the northeastern Atlantic Ocean are significantly older than the14C-ages of the corresponding horizons on land. These differences strongly suggest that major short-term events have affected the exchangeable carbon on earth during the dramatic environmental changes related to the deglaciation and in particular have affected the CO2-distribution within the ocean and between ocean and atmosphere. Dating methods independent of climatic variations and of the global carbon budget should be given priority to refine the timescales of the marine and atmospheric processes during the last deglaciation.This is the fourth paper in a series of papers published in this issue on high-resolution paleolimnology. These papers were presented at the Sixth International Palaeolimnology Symposium held 19–21 April, 1993 at the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. Dr. A. F. Lotter and Dr. M. Sturm served as guest editors for these papers. 相似文献
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In this paper the statistical analysis is carried out on the correlation between lightning strokes andatmospheric stratification factors.It is shown that the total number of strokes in lightning process is mainlydecided by environmental temperature at altitude with the residual instability of 5℃(T_r).The instabilityshould also affect the total number of strokc in lightning process.A forecasting equation of stroke in light-ning process has been deduced and two interesting preliminary conclusions have been obtained. 相似文献