Assessing the effectiveness of nanoscale zero-valent iron particles produced by green tea for Cr(VI)-contaminated groundwater remediation          下载免费PDF全文

Hui Li  Zhan-tao Han  Qiang Deng  Chun-xiao Ma  Xiang-ke Kong 《地下水科学与工程》2023,11(1):55-67

Nanoscale zero-valent iron particles (NZVI) produced by using green tea (GT) extract as a reductant can remove Cr(VI) from water effectively, which can be utilized in groundwater remediation. In order to define the reaction mechanism and removal effect in the aquifer, in this study, GT-NZVI particles were prepared and measured by some characterization methods to define their surface performance, and then batch and one-dimensional experiments were carried out to reveal the reaction properties of GT-NZVI and Cr(VI) in groundwater. The results showed that the prepared GT-NZVI particles were regular spherical with a diameter of 10–20 nm, which could disperse in water stably. The main component of GT-NZVI was α-Fe with superficial polyphenols as a stabilizer. GT-NZVI suspension had good ability to reduce the Cr(VI) to Cr(III) in water. When the concentration of GT-NZVI was 1 g/L, the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) with an initial concentration of 100 mg/L reached 92.8% in 1 h reaction. In column tests, GT-NZVI passed through the natural sand column successfully with an average outflow percentage of 71.2%. The simulated in-situ reaction zone (IRZ) with GT-NZVI was used to remediate Cr(VI) contaminated groundwater. The outflow concentration of Cr(VI) kept in 0.14–0.32 mg/L corresponding to the outflow rate below 0.32% within 15 days, and the removal efficiency of Cr(VI) by IRZ with GT-NZVI decreased with the increase of aquifer medium particle size, groundwater flow rate and ionic strength. Most of Cr(III) as reduzate was adsorbed or immobilized on the surface or in the lattice of GT-NZVI, which indicated effective immobilization for chromium.  相似文献   

我国内陆核电的用水安全          下载免费PDF全文

张爱玲  陈晓秋  刘森林  贾祥 《水文》2015,35(3):69-73

在介绍我国拟建内陆核电机组的安全设计和厂用水系统的基础上,分析了内陆核电的用水需求和保证率要求。结合我国水资源条件及水资源论证现状,对如何保障内陆核电取水水源的可靠性与可行性进行了探讨,并提出了内陆核电用水安全保障措施的建议。  相似文献   

福建铁观音茶园生态地球化学特征   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

周国华  曾道明贺 灵朱晓婷  孙彬彬白金峰 周子琦 《中国地质》2015,(6):2008-2008

东南沿海是铅等重金属的地球化学高背景区。该地区广泛分布酸性红壤,酸雨沉降、不适当施肥导致土壤酸化以及由此引发土壤重金属生态风险令人关注。以福建省铁观音主产区为研究区,采集了79个茶园的表层和亚表层土壤样、茶叶样品,测定了重金属元素以及土壤常量元素和理化指标。研究表明,福建铁观音茶园土壤中Hg、Pb、Se、Zn高含量主要由地质背景所引起,土壤常量组分、有机质、酸碱度等理化条件对土壤元素含量有一定的影响;铁观音茶树老叶中As、Cd、Cr、Hg、Se、Pb、F等非植物营养元素含量明显高于嫩叶,显示这些元素随植物生长逐渐累积的特征,而嫩叶中植物生长必需的营养元素Cu、(Ni)、Zn则高于老叶,反映出微量营养元素在茶叶生长部位相对富集的特征;多数情况下土壤与茶叶间元素含量相关性差,说明茶树对土壤元素的吸收累积受到多种复杂因素的影响。研究表明茶叶与土壤Pb、Cr具有显著正相关性,为建立铅污染土壤生态效应预测评价模型提供了基础依据。  相似文献   

Paleoecology of Oligocarpia gothanii Halle from the Middle Permian of Southeastern Shanxi, North China     

HE Xuezhi  WAN Mingli  YAN Mengxiao  CHENG Chen  WANG Shijun  WANG Jun 《《地质学报》英文版》2015,89(4):1063-1075

Fossil ferns are abundant and diverse in the Permian Cathaysian Flora of Shanxi, North China. Although plants assemblages of the Carboniferous and Permian have been extensively investigated, their palaeoecology and especially the paleoecology of ferns has not been studied in detail. Recent reinvestigation of Oligocarpia gothanii has revealed its growth habit and cloning reproduction strategy, but most previous studies lack integrated sedimentological and taphonomic data. In this study, new materials of O. gothanii have been collected from a floodplain setting in the middle Permian Lower Shihhotse Formation of southeastern Shanxi. These plant fossils were found in a lenticular claystone associated with rooting structures. They are characterized by aphlebia at the base of the penultimate rachis. Sedimentological, taphonomic and morphological analyses were conducted to understand the growth habit and ecology of the fern. The result indicates that the Oligocarpia gothanii had a prostrate, ground cover growth habit, and was dominant in pioneer floras that colonized disturbed floodplains.  相似文献   

Seasonal change mediates the shift between resource and pollen limitation in Hedysarum scoparium (Fabaceae)     

ChengChen Pan  Qi Feng  HaLin Zhao  XueYong Zhao  LinDe Liu  JiLiang Liu  Li Zhang  Jin Li 《寒旱区科学》2015,7(1):0094-0098

Theory suggests that with sufficient environmental variation, pollen limitation might be observed at some places or times, and resource limitation at others, but there are no empirical data about the effect of seasonal change on the variation of pollen limitation and resource limitation within a flowering season. In this study, we examined pollen and resource limitation by comparing fruit set and seed production in natural- and hand-pollinated Hedysarum scoparium flowers in the middle reaches of the Hexi Corridor region, China, in 2010. We also described a role for the first substantial autumn rainfall in mediating a shift between pollen and resource limitation in H. scoparium, but did not analyze this experimentally. Our results indicated that H. scoparium was resource limited at peak flowering during the summer, and was pollen limited at peak flowering during the autumn. The seasonal change (summer to autumn) mediated the shift between pollen and resource limitations in H. scoparium. The shift timing depended on the date of the first autumn rainfall in 2010. Changes in the first substantial rainfall in autumn may affect fruiting of H. scoparium, thus affecting population persistence of this species and development/structure of the local ecosystem if such conditions persist.  相似文献   

超低排放燃煤电厂一次颗粒物和黑碳实时排放特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘晋宏  孔少飞  冯韵恺  严沁  覃思  刘玺  牛真真  郑淑睿  吴方琪  姚立全  曾昕  燕莹莹  祁士华 《地球化学》2021,50(1):56-66

燃煤电厂是大气一次污染物的重要排放源,其超低排放改造改变了大气颗粒物排放特征。为满足当前高时间分辨率排放清单构建的需要,燃煤电厂颗粒物实时排放质量浓度及关键组分比值亟需更新。本研究基于稀释通道采样系统,对某超低排放改造后的燃煤电厂开展实测,获得该燃煤电厂可吸入颗粒物(PM10)、细颗粒物(PM2.5)、超细颗粒物(PM1.0)和黑碳(BC)的实时排放质量浓度,更新各污染物排放因子,分析PM1.0/PM2.5、PM2.5/PM10和BC/PM2.5质量浓度比值(文中以上比值均为质量浓度比值)日变化。结果表明,上述污染物排放平均质量浓度分别为(5.0±6.0)mg/m^3、(5.0±5.9)mg/m^3、(4.9±5.9)mg/m^3和(36.6±28.3)μg/m^3;对应的排放因子分别为0.03 kg/t、0.03 kg/t、0.03 kg/t和0.2 mg/kg。该燃煤电厂颗粒物排放质量浓度表现出明显的日间变化,高值时段(20:30至次日10:30)PM2.5平均质量浓度是低值时段(10:30~20:30)的12.2倍,推测可能与不同时段的污染控制措施效率变动有关。作为不完全燃烧的产物,黑碳排放高值时段(06:00~12:00和14:30~19:00)的质量浓度是低值时段(00:00~05:00)相应值的1.5~2.4倍,推测与煤的添加和锅炉燃烧效率有关。颗粒物及组分质量浓度的日变化在构建高时间分辨率排放清单时需予以考虑。本研究实测所得PM2.5/PM10和BC/PM2.5比值分别为1.00±0.01和0.03±0.04,均远高于清单编制技术手册中推荐的燃煤电厂相应比值0.3和0.002,采用现有清单编制技术手册的相应比值可能低估了燃煤电厂细颗粒物和黑碳排放,需引起重视。  相似文献   

喀斯特区天然林不同演替阶段功能性状特征及其影响因素研究 ——以云南大黑山为例     

李亚锦  郑景明  王根柱  周金星  刘玉国  哈文秀 《地球学报》2021,42(3):397-406

不同演替阶段群落的环境条件有所不同,变化的环境因子驱使群落水平上功能性状和物种适应环境的生态对策改变,然而次生演替过程中群落功能性状和物种生态对策随演替时间的变化规律尚不清楚.本文以云南大黑山喀斯特地区弃耕后处于不同恢复阶段的天然次生林(3年,6年,20年,40年)和老龄林为研究对象,结合不同群落演替阶段的物种特征和群落结构,分析不同演替阶段叶、枝功能性状的变化规律,以及功能性状与环境因子的关系.结果表明:(1)随着演替的进行,土壤养分(除磷外)和水分逐渐增加,土壤容重先下降后趋于稳定,土壤pH变化不明显;比叶面积逐渐下降,叶片干物质含量和潜在最大高度逐渐增大.叶和枝的氮含量呈先下降后上升的趋势,磷含量均下降,N:P总体呈上升趋势.(2)冗余分析表明,演替早期灌木林阶段主要分布在土壤容重高,水分和养分相对匮乏的环境中,植物往往采取高养分含量、高光合速率、短寿命的开放性策略;演替后期乔木林阶段主要分布在土壤水分和养分相对肥沃的环境中,耐阴树种逐渐占据主导地位,植物通常采取低养分含量、低光合速率、长寿命的保守性策略.其中,土壤含水量、全氮含量、容重和有机质是影响喀斯特植物演替过程中功能性状变化的关键环境因子.研究喀斯特植物功能性状与环境因素随演替的变化规律,以及功能性状如何响应环境变化,旨在为今后科学指导人工植物群落构建和防止植被退化提供依据.  相似文献   

条子泥围垦区水盐特征与植被分布的关系          下载免费PDF全文

詹泸成  马芬艳  陈建生  辛沛 《水科学进展》2021,32(1):127-138

为了探究江苏东台条子泥围垦区的水盐分布规律,揭示圆环状植被分布与土壤水盐条件的关系,于2019年9月对围垦区内用作湿地恢复的区域进行测量和采样。在植被环附近测量了二维、三维大地电阻率,采集降水、地表水、土壤、地下水等样品,测试样品的水盐指标和D、18O同位素组成。结果表明:植被圆环下方3 m深度内均存在对应的高电阻率/低盐度区域,且随着植被类型由中心向外环变化,对应的土壤水盐度也逐渐增大;土壤水盐度是不同植被呈现圆环状分布的重要影响因素,其变化受降水入渗和土壤蒸发引起的盐分集结共同作用;土壤盐度直接影响了不同植被种群的分布格局,而植被对入渗和蒸发过程的影响也反作用于土壤盐度分布。  相似文献   

An analysis of oasis evolution based on land use and land cover change: A case study in the Sangong River Basin on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains     

Qi Zhang  Geping Luo  Longhui Li  Miao Zhang  Nana Lv  Xinxin Wang 《地理学报(英文版)》2017,27(2):223-239

This study investigated oasis evolution and the changes of peripheral desert in the Sangong River Basin since the 1950s by rebuilding seven land cover maps derived from black-and-white aerial photographs (1958, 1968, and 1978), a color-infrared aerial photograph (1987), Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery (1998), Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre (SPOT) imagery (2004), and Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) imagery (2014). The results showed that: (1) Since 1950, the oasis consecutively expanded more than four times from an alluvial fan to an alluvial plain, causing the shrinkage of desert landscapes that were dominated by a Haloxylon ammodendron Bunge community (HBC) and a Tamarix chinensis Lour community (TLC). Furthermore, the primary (1958–1968) and final (2004–2014) stages were the most important periods, during which agricultural land experienced the most rapid expansion during the period 1958–1968, and the built-up area showed the most rapid expansion after the 2000s. (2) Two basic management modes, a “local mode” formed by the local governments and a “farm management mode” developed by Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, together promoted oasis evolution under various land-use and landcover (LULC) stages. (3) The evolution of the modern oasis during the 1950s–2004 showed the general features of an arid oasis, while during the period of 2004–2014 it was characterized by a large-scale inter-basin water diversion or the import of new water sources. (4) The oasis expanded at the expense of desert vegetation, resulting in distinct variation in the structure of the desert plant community, which will make it more difficult to protect the desert ecosystem.  相似文献   

塔里木河下游典型荒漠河岸植物水分来源   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王玉阳  陈亚鹏  李卫红  王日照  周莹莹  张建鹏 《中国沙漠》2017,37(6):1150-1157

通过对塔里木河下游典型荒漠植物河岸胡杨（Populus euphratica,成年和幼龄）、柽柳（Tamarix ramosissima）、甘草（Glycyrrhiza inflata）、骆驼刺（Alhagi sparfolia）木质部水及不同潜在水源的稳定性氧同位素值的测定,并利用多源线性混合模型（IsoSource）和相似性比例指数（PS指数）分别分析了各潜在水源对不同植物的贡献率以及各月份不同植物间的水分利用关系。结果表明：（1）在塔里木河下游,成年胡杨、幼龄胡杨、柽柳几乎都不利用0~50 cm的表层土壤水,而主要利用200 cm以下的深层土壤水和地下水,而甘草、骆驼刺主要吸收50~200 cm的土壤水。（2）在生长季的不同月份里,除个别月份外,胡杨（成年和幼龄）、柽柳之间存在激烈水分竞争;甘草、骆驼刺在生长旺季和末期对各水源都存在较强的竞争关系,而成年或幼龄胡杨、柽柳和甘草、骆驼刺之间水分竞争关系较弱。（3）在塔里木河下游,为了适应极端干旱,无论是乔木胡杨、还是灌木柽柳,水分来源主要是较稳定的深层水源,且对各水源的利用比例在不同月份波动不大。  相似文献