地质灾害风险评价阈回归联合聚类分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张海燕  王新民  尹慧  张以晨  王延亮  王立春 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2011,41(2):529-535

根据吉林省近10年的地质灾害监测数据,采用统计方法讨论吉林省地质灾害风险评价问题,对地质灾害易发区进行划分。首先对系统聚类分析方法进行了改进,根据各种要素对地质灾害影响的程度引入了权重系数,分类后应用判别分析的方法检验出其精确度达到94.87%。为了进一步了解各种因素引致灾害的形式,掌握其在不同规模数值下形成灾害的特点及差异性,运用阈回归模型进行了数据拟合,因素的解释程度达到99.996 2%。加权聚类和阈回归方法对数据拟合程度的高精度,说明其在地质灾害风险评价问题中的适用性及灾害易发区划分的准确性。  相似文献   

CFP技术层间多次波预测及Curvelet域相减方法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王德利  党丹  刘伟明  张亚红 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2011,41(3):907-914

在常规表面有关多次波压制（SRME）方法的基础上,利用共聚焦点（CFP）道集代替SRME方法中的炮集记录,对基于CFP技术的层间多次波压制方法进行了研究。通过在理论数据中加入噪声,验证了该方法具有一定的抗噪能力。利用切除处理后的CFP道集代替炮记录,能够很好地预测出与目标界面相关的层间多次波。在匹配相减的处理过程中,分别采用常规的相减法和Curvelet阈值减去法。通过2种方法的相减效果对比可以看出,在Curvelet域实现多次波的减去较常规减去法能够取得更好的效果。  相似文献   

干旱草原地区起沙通量的初步研究   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6  

沈建国  孙照渤  章秋英  牛生杰 《中国沙漠》2008,28(6):1045-1049

通过宽范围颗粒谱仪WPS以及20 m梯度塔获得的观测资料,计算了朱日和地区沙尘天气下的起沙通量、摩擦速度以及临界摩擦速度,得到以下结论：①起沙通量大小与沙尘天气的强度呈一定的相关关系,随着沙尘天气强度的增大,起沙通量大小也增大。3月26日与4月6日两次沙尘天气下,沙尘暴和扬沙天气的平均起沙通量分别为6.0亿kg·m-2·s-1和4.14亿kg·m-2·s-1。②朱日和地区地表摩擦速度一般都在<1 m·s-1的范围内,n取1或2时,起沙率与Un*线性相关最好。③计算得到了观测粒子段的临界摩擦速度值。临界摩擦速度U*t随着粒径的增加呈先减小后增大趋势。  相似文献   

GIS-based risk analysis of debris flow： an application in Sichuan, southwest China   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

B.E DI  N.S.CHEN  P.CUI  Z.L.LI  Y.P.HE  Y.C.GAO 《国际泥沙研究》2008,23(2):138-148

Debris flow is a serious geologic hazard in China. It is estimated that nationally debris flows cause up to 2 billion RMB （250 million US$） in damages and 300-600 deaths and injuries annually. To mitigate debris flow hazards, it is necessary to map, model, and identify zones of debris flow hazards and vulnerability as to inform the local people about the potential risk with a geographic information system. This research presents a regional scale case study modeling debris flow risk （hazard and vulnerability） in Sichuan Province, Southwestern China. In this area, 3,290 debris flows have been identified and the spatial-temporal distribution and activity characteristics of them have been documented. Based on the available meteorological data, a Digital Elevation Model with the rate of 1：250,000 and a regional geological map, the 24-hr rainfall threshold （y） for debris flow occurrence is closely related （significant at 99% confidence level） to the index （x） defined using a geology factor （rock hardness： a） and a topographical factor （channel gradient： d） where y = 21 ＋ 10200 / x, in which x = 2.7 × e^a ＋ 1000 × d. The discipline is constructive in developing the rainfall threshold for debris flow activity in remote mountainous areas that lack data. For a given watershed, a four-level debris flow hazard map is developed by comparing the rainfall threshold to the design rainfall intensities with 50-, 20-, and 5-year average recurrence intervals, respectively. The degree of debris flow vulnerability is determined by the watershed socio-economic conditions. A four-class debris flow risk map, at the final phase of the research, is generated by combining debris flow hazards and vulnerability. With the debris flow risk assessment, the Sichuan Province is classified into the slight, moderate, severe and very severe regions, which accounts for 36%, 19%, 20% and 25% of total area respectively.  相似文献   

花岗岩电镜扫描图像二值化阈值对分形维数影响的研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

申科 《地质与勘探》2019,55(1):87-94

电镜扫描应用于岩土工程研究,能观察到岩石的细观结构,从另一个视角揭示岩石力学机理。分形维数是对岩石表面不规则、非线性裂纹裂隙的定量描述,是一个重要的参数指标。本文首先通过花岗岩电镜扫描实验,获得了花岗岩细观图像;其次研究不同二值化阈值下的图像和分形维数,结果显示分形维数随二值化阈值增大而减小;最后,对比迭代法、双峰法和Otsu法三种求最佳二值化阈值方法,表明Otsu法简单易行,得到的图像能反映岩石表面细节,求出的分形维数具有参考对比价值。因此将Otsu法图像二值化阈值得到的分形维数作为对比参考的标准,对岩石细观研究具有重要的参考价值。  相似文献   

降雨诱发滑坡阶跃型变形的预测分析及应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄晓虎  雷德鑫  夏俊宝  易武  张鹏 《岩土力学》2019,40(9):3585-3592

滑坡进入蠕动变形阶段之后,往往难以及时开展勘察治理工作,合理的临灾预警是有效减少滑坡灾害损失的重要手段。首先确定降雨诱发“阶跃型”滑坡的预警关键判据为前期降雨、当次降雨、位移速率,并引入“一个降雨过程”定义滑坡监测的降雨区间,将预警过程分为当次降雨和前期降雨+当次降雨两种模式。然后运用最小二乘法确定滑坡“阶跃”变形曲线上的“破坏拐点”和“稳定拐点”用以确定变形加速区间,以此求解前期降雨、当次降雨以及移速率阈值。最后以王家坡滑坡为例,设计了两种模式下的5级递进式分级预警模型。研究表明：（1）前期降雨与当次降雨组成“一个降雨过程”的时间间隔为7 d;（2）王家坡滑坡的位移速率阈值为20 mm/d;（3）前期降雨+当次降雨模式下王家坡滑坡的前期降雨、当次降雨阈值分别为10、15 mm,当次降雨模式下王家坡滑坡的降雨阈值为25 mm。  相似文献   

基于二维小波变换的随机噪声压制方法在GPR数据中的应用     

鲁光银  罗帅  朱自强  赵云威  席飞雁 《物探化探计算技术》2019,(2):234-240

在探地雷达探测工作中,为了尽可能多的获取回波信息,通常采用宽频带记录,这就不可避免地将各种干扰波也记录下来,其中随机噪声由于其频带较宽,分布于整个数据剖面,常规滤波方法对随机噪声的压制效果往往不佳。由于小波变换具有较强的分频和局部分析能力,根据需要选择合适的小波基函数和去噪方法,可较好地压制随机噪声,提高信噪比。基于二维小波变换理论,提出了采用自适应分层阈值法对探地雷达数据进行压制随机噪声的方法。通过不同模型、不同信噪比下正演模拟数据的验证以及对实测数据的处理,并与中值滤波法和全局阈值法的去噪效果进行了对比分析,结果表明自适应分层阈值法去噪效果更好,实用性更强。  相似文献   

基于Copula的区域水文干旱频率分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

周玉良  袁潇晨  金菊良  郦建强  宋松柏 《地理科学》2011,31(11):1383-1388

以径流量为水文干旱指标,通过径流量距平百分率和径流量累积频率两种方法识别水文干旱特征变量,并以适线法确定单个干旱特征变量的分布曲线,在此基础上利用Archimedean Copula函数构建了干旱历时与干旱烈度间的联合分布,并计算干旱重现期。应用研究结果表明:用Copula函数,得以上两种识别法提取的干旱历时和干旱烈度的联合概率分布,其重现期计算结果与区域实际受旱状况相符,其中径流量距平百分率法相对更优、更直观;适线法避免了基于样本数据估计分布函数参数的不合理性,使基于Copula函数的频率分析结果更可靠。  相似文献   

A transport-rate model of wind-blown sand     

Ping Lü  ZhiBao Dong 《寒旱区科学》2009,1(2):0165-0169

Sand transport by wind plays an important role in environmental problems.Formulating the sand-transport rate model has been of continuing significance,because the majority of the existing models relate sand-transport rate to the wind-shear velocity.However,the wind-shear velocity readapted to blown sand is difficult to determine from the measured wind profiles when sand movement occurs,especially at high wind velocity.Detailed wind tunnel tests were carried out to reformulate the sand-transport rate model,followed by attempts to relate sand-transport rate to parameters of wind velocity,threshold shear-velocity,and grain size.Finally,we validated the model based on the data from field observations.  相似文献   

Effect of reservoir construction on suspended sediment load in a large river system: thresholds and complex response   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Jiongxin Xu  Yunxia Yan 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2010,35(14):1666-1673

Dam construction greatly alters the channel boundary of rivers, making the dammed river system a human‐controlled system. Based on hydrometric data in the upper Changjiang River basin, the change in behaviour of sediment transport of some dammed rivers was studied. As a result, some phenomena of threshold and complex response were found. When the coefficient (C_r,a) of actual runoff regulation by reservoirs, defined as the ratio of total capacity of reservoirs to annual runoff input, is smaller than 10%, suspended sediment load at Yichang station, the control station of the Changjiang River, shows a mild decreasing trend. When this coefficient becomes larger than 10%, suspended sediment load decreases sharply. The coefficient of 10% can be regarded as a threshold. The C_r,a of 10% is also a threshold, when the variation of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) with C_r,a at Yichang station is considered. The impacts of reservoir construction can be divided into several stages, including road construction, dam building and closure, water storage and sediment trapping. During these stages, some complex response was identified. At the station below the dam, SSC increases and reaches a maximum, and then declines sharply. This phenomenon was found on the main‐stem and several major tributaries of the upper Changjiang River. In the Minjiang River, where a series of dams were built successively, the response of SSC is more complicated. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献