氟化物对紫露草(Tradescantia paludosa)的诱变作用     

陈登勤  姚士晶 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1993,(3)

用紫露草微核技术,检测几种氟化物的微核(MCN)效应。指出氟化物有损伤染色体的作用,环境中的氟污染既引起一般公认的牙釉病和氟骨病,还有损伤染色体的遗传毒性。  相似文献   

Laboratory-scale evaluation of the potential of chemical containment for farmed abalone larval escapees     

A Roux  H Lambrechts 《African Journal of Marine Science》2016,38(2):275-278

The sensitivity of abalone Haliotis midae larvae to low levels of toxicants was used to conduct a laboratoryscale experiment to determine the possibility of using chemical containment to prevent the escape of larvae from land-based culture systems, thereby reducing the environmental impact of farming operations. The cryoprotective agent, dimethyl sulphoxide or DMSO (Me₂SO), was used as a toxicant and embryos were exposed to increasing concentrations (0–25.60 mol l^–1) of DMSO for a period of 24 hours. Hatch-out rates of the control group (0.0% DMSO) did not differ from those obtained at 0.2% (2.56 mol l^–1) and 0.4% (5.12 mol l^–1) DMSO. An exposure level at and above 0.6% DMSO resulted in a significant decrease in the number of normal larvae. At an exposure concentration of 0.6% (7.68 mol l^–1) DMSO, 65% (SE 3.0) of the fertilised eggs hatched, compared to only 10% (SE 2.0) at a concentration of 1.0% (12.80 mol l^–1) DMSO. This study indicates the potential for use of DMSO as a form of chemical containment of abalone larvae, even at very low doses. It presents South African abalone farms with a chemical containment method that could potentially be used to prevent the unintentional escape of H. midae larvae from land-based operations.  相似文献   

Acute Toxicity of Formalin to the Red-tide Dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum Schiller (Protozoa, Mastigophora)     

XU Henglong)  )  SONG Weibo)  ZHU Mingzhuang)  QIU Yantao)  and MA Honggang ) The Lab of Protozoology  KLMEM  Ocean University of China  Qingdao  P.R.China ) Department of Biology  Liaocheng University  Liaocheng  P.R.China 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2005,4(1)

1Introduction Red tides occur in recorded history,but in recentyears there is a global increase in the number of theseevents due to coastal pollution and other unclear fac-tors.Some kinds of red tides cause mass deaths of cul-tured animals and thus cause heavy economic losses forcoastwise mariculture(Nakanishi et al.,1996;Changet al.,1998;Zhu et al.,1998;Tada et al.,2001).The investigation on red tide control,however,rem-ains insufficient(Burkholder,1998;Edwards and Clark,1999).Although man…  相似文献   

南方某港疏浚淤泥溶出液对海洋浮游动物的毒性实验     

李纯厚  林燕棠  杨美兰  全桂英 《热带海洋学报》1998,(1)

为了评价南方某港疏浚淤泥对倾倒海区海洋生物的影响,对疏浚淤泥的溶出液进行了海洋浮游动物急性毒性实验。结果表明：在水温低于20℃时,淤泥溶出清液对浮游桡足类和卤虫Anemiasalina无节幼体的影响不明显;但当水温高于22℃时,淤泥溶出清液对海洋浮游动物有致毒作用,其LC_50随温度的升高而减小．毒性增强。水温为22．0—24．0℃时,对卤虫无节幼体72h和96h的LC_50分别为665ml·L~-1［淤泥／海水体积之比,相当于1090．9g·L~-1（淤泥湿重W／海水体积V）］和405ml·L~-1（V／V,相当于664．4g·L~-1,W／V）;对浮游桡足类48h的LC_50为306ml·L~-1（相当于502．0g·L~-1,W／V）。当水温为25．0—27．0℃时,对卤虫无节幼体72h和96h的LC_50分别为578ml·L~-1（相当于948．2g·L~-1,W／V）和238ml·L~-1（相当于390．4g·L~-1,W／V）。  相似文献   

Theoretical considerations about the reactions of calcification in sea water     

Claire Copin Montgut  Grard Copin Montgut 《Marine Chemistry》1999,63(3-4)

We examine the concentration variations of the different parameters X of the carbonate system in seawater when calcium carbonate precipitation occurs. Variations are expressed as ∂[X]/∂[Ca²⁺]. Four different cases are considered: spontaneous chemical precipitation; calcification combined with photosynthetic activity under a constant ΔCT/Δ[Ca²⁺] ratio; precipitation under constant p_CO2 and precipitation under constant [Ca²⁺]·[CO₃²⁻] ionic concentration product. The last condition should be maintained by an ecosystem which, thanks to the regulation of its calcifying and photosynthetic activity, would absorb 1 mol of carbon for organic tissue each time 1 mol of CaCO₃ is formed. This stoichiometric ratio would allow the activity of these biological communities to go on in practically closed systems during periods compatible with their growth or development cycles.  相似文献   

The Impact of the Herbicide Diuron on Photosynthesis in Three Species of Tropical Seagrass     

David Haynes  Peter Ralph  Joelle Prange  Bill Dennison 《Marine pollution bulletin》2000,41(7-12):288-293

The impact and recovery from exposure to the herbicide diuron [DCMU; 3-(3′,4′-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] was assessed for three tropical seagrasses, maintained in outdoor aquaria over a 10-day period. Photosynthetic stress was detected using chlorophyll a fluorescence, measured with a Diving-PAM (pulse amplitude modulated fluorometer). Exposure to 10 and 100 μg l⁻¹ diuron resulted in a decline in effective quantum yield (ΔF/F_m^′) within 2 h of herbicide exposure in Cymodocea serrulata, Halophila ovalis and Zostera capricorni. Effective quantum yield also declined over the first 24 h of exposure in H. ovalis at even lower diuron concentrations (0.1 and 1.0 μg l⁻¹). Effective quantum yield in H. ovalis and Z. capricorni was significantly depressed at all diuron concentrations (0.1–100 μg l⁻¹) after 5 days exposure, whereas effective quantum yield in C. serrulata was only significantly lower in plants exposed to highest diuron concentrations (10 and 100 μg l⁻¹). Effective quantum yield depression was present 5 days after plants exposed to 10 and 100 μg l⁻¹ diuron were returned to fresh seawater. These results indicate that exposure to herbicide concentrations present in nearshore Queensland sediments present a potential risk to seagrass functioning.  相似文献   

Influence of chronic exposure to silver and mercury in the field on the bioaccumulation potential of the bivalve Macoma balthica     

Florence Boisson  Mark G.J. Hartl  Scott W. Fowler  Claude Amiard-Triquet   《Marine environmental research》1998,45(4-5)

In order to assess the adaptation to metals previously observed in the bioindicator organism, Macoma balthica, subjected to chronic contamination by silver and mercury in the French Loire estuary, the bioaccumulation potential of individual organisms originating from the contaminated Loire estuary and a relatively uncontaminated control estuary (Somme) was evaluated using both radiotracers and stable isotopes of Ag (80 μg Ag litre⁻¹) and Hg (100 μg Hg litre⁻¹). Clams from the contaminated estuary were more sensitive to Ag (LT₅₀ = 9d) than those originating from the Somme estuary (LT₅₀ > 15d), even though the former bioaccumulated Ag to a significantly lower degree. This is attributed to a consequence of the chronic stress induced by Ag while clams were living in their natural environment. Therefore, past history of trace metal contamination should be considered when evaluating the susceptibility of M. balthica to heavy metal exposure. Lower uptake rates obtained for Hg (during the initial uptake phase only) and for Ag in clams from the polluted estuary suggest the presence of an adaptive trait for survival in contaminated areas. However, the lower degree of bioconcentration observed for Ag was not sufficiently low to reduce the sensitivity of the organisms to Ag and allow them to resist the toxic stress. Clams that survived Ag or Hg exposure at LT₅₀ did not protect themselves against metal toxicity by accumulating a significantly lesser amount of these metals than clams which did not survive metal stress. The results suggest that the bioaccumulation potential of each individual was not a factor which can explain the survival ability of M. balthica exposed to chronic Ag and Hg contamination in estuaries. In this case, cellular, biochemical and genetic levels of adaptation are presumed to be of greater importance.  相似文献   

Stress protein expression in Ampelisca abdita (Amphipoda) exposed to sediments from San Francisco Bay     

Ingeborg Werner  Kurt F. Kline  James T. Hollibaugh 《Marine environmental research》1998,45(4-5)

Stress proteins (heat shock proteins, hsps) form part of the cellular protein repair system, and are induced by a wide variety of Stressors. To determine their suitability as tools for assessing sublethal sediment toxicity, we measured levels of members of the stress protein families hsp60 and hsp70 in benthic estuarine amphipods (Ampelisca abdita) exposed to sediments from 23 different sampling sites in San Francisco Bay for 10 d. Concentrations of sediment-associated xenobiotics were determined. Per cent survival was recorded and surviving animals were analysed for stress proteins using western blotting techniques. An inverse correlation (r² = 0.44) was seen between amphipod survival and hsp64 levels, and hsp64 levels were positively correlated with concentrations of total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (r² = 0.5). Principal component analysis revealed that amphipod mortality was linked to a combination of several PAHs (phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(a)pyrene) and di-n-butylphthalate at southern San Francisco Bay sites. At northern San Francisco Bay sites, negative correlations were found between hsp64 levels and organotin compounds (MBT, DBT, TBT), and between hsp71 levels and the PAHs, benzo (b,k)fluoranthene and benzo(G,H,I)perylene, suggesting an inhibitory effect of these compounds on stress protein expression.  相似文献   

广州市海珠区地表水中致嗅物质及毒性分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘祖发  张素琼  卓文珊  张骏鹏  李文斌  邓哲  王新明 《湖泊科学》2013,25(6):900-906

为研究广州市海珠区地表水中的致嗅物质及其毒性,在海珠区珠江前后航道与湖泊池塘采集了21个水样,采用液液萃取气质联用法对其中的土臭素、二甲基异茨醇等5种致嗅物质进行含量检测,并根据水样相关富营养化指标,探究这些致嗅物质的分布和来源.研究结果表明:海珠区地表水中含量最高的两种致嗅物质依次是土臭素(4.0~69.0 ng/L)和二甲基异茨醇(4.1~24.9 ng/L);异臭味问题最严重的地表水体是珠江水,其次为湖泊池塘,水厂取水口的异臭味问题不明显;珠江前航道中致嗅物质的含量高于后航道,其中含量最高的河段为鳌洲码头段至广州大桥段,含量高达40.2~69.0 ng/L;致嗅物质的含量和分布与水体的污染和富营养化程度密切相关,广州市海珠区地表水的净化和治理形势严峻.另外,在可检出的浓度范围内,土臭素和二甲基异茨醇对发光细菌抑制率较高.  相似文献   

巢湖、太湖蓝藻湖靛及其提取物的动物毒性初步研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

瞿文川  苏晨伟 《湖泊科学》1996,8(2):156-160

对国内淡水湖泊巢湖、太湖中的蓝藻湖靛及其提取物（藻胆蛋白）,进行了动物毒性实验。实验动物为昆明种小白鼠,采用灌胃法给药。给药后小白鼠均无中毒症状,一周内无死亡。说明巢湖、太湖中蓝藻湖靛及其提取物,对以小白鼠为代表的哺乳类动物消化系统,基本不产生毒性。这对于开发两湖中的蓝藻作为鱼、家禽等饲料和提取其中的植物蛋白（藻胆蛋白）作为营养食品添加剂等有一定意义。  相似文献