大同市(平原区)地下水超采现状及治理措施   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王宏  吕玉萍 《地下水》2004,26(4):297-299

通过分析大同市平原区地下水超采现状,指出地下水超采容易引起的水环境问题,针对日益紧张的水资源供需矛盾和地下水起采引起的水环境问题,提出了超采区的治理措施.  相似文献   

Sedimentary environment and development controls of the hydrocarbon source beds:Middle and Upper Proterozoic in northern North China     

BAO Zhidong  CHEN Jianfa  ZHANG Shuichang  Zhao Hongwen  Zhang qinghai  LI Yan 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(Z2)

Problem on development control of marine source bed hold in Chinese petroleum industry progression. The Hongshuizhuang Formation,Tieling Formation and Xiamaling Formation in the Middle and Upper Proterozoic are important hydrocarbon source beds in northern North China, and investigation of their sedimentary environments and the controls has great significance for petroleum exploration in North China. Based on sedimentology (sequence stratigraphy), palaeoecology, sedimentary geochemistry, and sedimentary palaeogeography, their development pattern is discussed. All these studies indicate that the development controls of the hydrocarbon source beds include a favorite palaeogeographic location, exceeding propagation of biomes in low and middle latitudes, anoxic environments, enrichment of phosphorus element and the adsorption of clay minerals during the preservation of organic matter in the marine carbonates.  相似文献   

Frequency domain modal analysis of earthquake input energy to highly damped passive control structures     

Izuru Takewaki 《地震工程与结构动力学》2004,33(5):575-590

A new complex modal analysis‐based method is developed in the frequency domain for efficient computation of the earthquake input energy to a highly damped linear elastic passive control structure. The input energy to the structure during an earthquake is an important measure of seismic demand. Because of generality and applicability to non‐linear structures, the earthquake input energy has usually been computed in the time domain. It is shown here that the formulation of the earthquake input energy in the frequency domain is essential for deriving a bound on the earthquake input energy for a class of ground motions and for understanding the robustness of passively controlled structures to disturbances with various frequency contents. From the viewpoint of computational efficiency, a modal analysis‐based method is developed. The importance of overdamped modes in the energy computation of specific non‐proportionally damped models is demonstrated by comparing the energy transfer functions and the displacement transfer functions. Through numerical examinations for four recorded ground motions, it is shown that the modal analysis‐based method in the frequency domain is very efficient in the computation of the earthquake input energy. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Optimal design of viscoelastic dampers using eigenvalue assignment   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sang‐Hyun Lee  Dong‐In Son  Jinkoo Kim  Kyung‐Won Min 《地震工程与结构动力学》2004,33(4):521-542

In this study a procedure for determining the optimum size and location of viscoelastic dampers is proposed using the eigenvalue assignment technique. Natural frequencies and modal damping ratios, required to realize a given target response, are determined first by the convex model. Then the desired dynamic structural properties are realized by optimally distributing the damping and stiffness coefficients of viscoelastic dampers using non‐linear programming based on the gradient of eigenvalues. This optimization method provides information on the optimal location as well as the magnitude of the damper parameters. The proposed procedure is applied to the retrofit of a 10‐story shear frame, and to a three‐dimensional structure with an asymmetric plan. The analysis results confirm that the responses of model structures retrofitted by the proposed method correspond well with the given target response. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Seismic structural control using an electric servomotor active mass driver system     

Chien‐Liang Lee  Yen‐Po Wang 《地震工程与结构动力学》2004,33(6):737-754

This study investigates an electric‐type active mass driver (AMD) system for structural vibration control. Composed primarily of an electric servomotor and a ball screw, the electrical AMD system is free from noise problems, oil leakage, and labor‐intensive maintenance that commonly are associated with hydraulic AMD systems. The desired stroke amplification of the mass and the power demand of the servomotor can be adjusted via the ball screw pitch, which in turn affects the effectiveness and efficiency of the system. Meanwhile, an instantaneous optimal direct output feedback control algorithm is adopted. Numerical simulation is performed using a five‐story steel frame as the object structure under the conditions of the 1940 El Centro earthquake. The AMD system proves to be effective and efficient within a certain range of the ball screw pitch. The reductions of the peak responses can reach as high as 70% if properly designed. Requiring only the velocity measurement of the top floor for on‐line feedback control, the proposed control algorithm is recommended for practical implementation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

预测和控制深基坑变形的抗隆起稳定系数法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

谢小林  贾坚 《上海国土资源》2004,107(1):22-27

本文讨论了在软土基坑工程设计施工中所涉及到的抗隆起稳定系数的合理计算方法；通过对大量上海深基坑工程的计算分析并结合现场实测数据论证了利用抗隆起稳定系数进行基坑变形预测和控制的合理性，并提出了适用稳定系数法控制基坑变形的设计计算预测公式：δh/H～Ks关系式。  相似文献   

水库汛期限制水位控制理论与观念的更新探讨   总被引：60，自引：0，他引：60       下载免费PDF全文

邱瑞田  王本德  周惠成 《水科学进展》2004,15(1):68-72

传统的水库汛限水位的控制,只利用了洪水的统计信息,使水库在汛期要时刻预防设计与校核洪水事件的发生,致使一些水库在汛期不敢蓄水而汛后又无水可蓄,造成洪水资源的浪费。提出水库汛限水位动态控制的新理念及其综合推理模式,适应当前预报技术的发展水平,考虑降雨径流洪水预报与一定时间内的短期降雨预报,排除不可能发生的洪水事件,预报可能发生的洪水,实施水库汛限水位的动态控制。但预报不可避免地存在误差,当小概率预报误差事件发生时,仍可采取弥补措施以确保大坝的防洪安全。  相似文献   

鄱阳湖区平垸行洪、退田还湖后的防洪减灾形势分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

吴敦银李荣昉  王永文 《水文》2004,24(6):26-31

根据鄱阳湖区“退田还湖”的实际资料，采用洪水模拟的方法分析计算出“退田还湖”降低湖口站洪水位和减少1954年洪水超额分洪量，分析了“退田还湖”后鄱阳湖区的防洪减灾形势，提出应继续加强对鄱阳湖区防洪工程的建设，探讨了“退田还湖”后江湖洪水关系的变化趋势。  相似文献   

陕北砂黄土区公路地质灾害及防治对策   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

张永双  曲永新  何锋 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2004,15(2):35-38

中国西北黄土的颗粒组成具有明显的地带性分布规律，自NW向SE可依次划分为砂黄土带、典型黄土带和粘黄土带。黄土高原北部地质灾害综合调查表明，砂黄土区公路地质灾害的主要类型包括黄土边坡滑塌灾害、路堤裂陷灾害、路桥变形和冲蚀灾害等。根据试验测试分析结果，公路地质灾害的形成主要受黄土本身的物质组成、结构及力学性质控制，人类工程活动的盲目性是诱发地质灾害的重要因素。文章在砂黄土公路地质灾害特征分析的基础上，提出加强边坡防护和冲蚀灾害防治是公路地质灾害防治的两个基本途径，并给出了针对性的防治对策。这不仅对该地区的公路建设具有重要的指导作用，而且对其它生命线工程如铁路、输油气管道、渠道等也具有重要的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

苏州城市规划区Ⅱ承压水开采与地面沉降预防控制研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

缪晓图 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2004,15(3):55-59

在孔隙承压水开采与地面沉降的关系上存在2种观点。水、土应力平衡理论认为：只要开采承压水，就会引发应力失衡并导致地面沉降；而水、土动态平衡理论则认为：除非开采水压力至水、土应力平衡面以下，否则不会引发地面沉降。苏州城市规划区第Ⅱ承压水开采水位与地面沉降动态观测表明，在-33m处存在一个天然动态水、土应力平衡面。第Ⅱ承压含水层形成后，经上覆堆积物自重压力长期压缩作用，其水压力具较高的压强．这种天然状态下产生的弹性释放储存量可开采利用多少，取决于开采状态下水、土应力平衡时可消耗压力水柱高度中的水头值。因而地面沉降的根本原因是开采水位超过了-33m，突破了天然状态水、土应力平衡面水位。Ⅱ承压含水层在天然状态受上覆堆积物重力产生的高压强弹性释放储存量现象，可以帮助我们确立该地区孔隙Ⅱ承压水开采不产生地面沉降的临界水位(水、土应力平衡面)。这一点对承压水开采条件、可开采资源性质具有重大实际意义。同样可以应用于饱受地面沉降困扰的无锡、常州及周边地区，为地下水开发利用政策由单一的封井停采转为目标水位控制开采提供了科学依据。同时也为此政策在承压水动力学机制上找到了内在原因。  相似文献