高密市南部贫水区地下水勘查探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张涛  韩晔  马春燕  高建光 《山东国土资源》2010,26(4):6-9

高密市南部低缓丘陵区是山东省典型的资源型缺水地区,通过遥感解译、水文地质调查、物探、钻探等手段,在小于家庄村南成功施工1眼深100 m水井,并通过多孔非稳定流抽水试验求取了部分水文地质参数,确定了可开采量。此次工作对下一步该区农业抗旱、居民生活用水打井都具有一定的示范意义。  相似文献   

Channel change at Toudaoguai Station and its responses to the operation of upstream reservoirs in the upper Yellow River     

RAN Lishan  WANG Suiji  FAN Xiaoli 《地理学报》2010,20(2):231-247

The application of dams built upstream will change the input conditions, including water and sediment, of downstream fluvial system, and destroy previous dynamic quasi-equilibrium reached by channel streamflow, so indispensable adjustments are necessary for downstream channel to adapt to the new water and sediment supply, leading the fluvial system to restore its previous equilibrium or reach a new equilibrium. Using about 50-year-long hydrological, sedimentary and cross-sectional data, temporal response processes of Toudaoguai cross-section located in the upper Yellow River to the operation of reservoirs built upstream are analyzed. The results show that the Toudaoguai cross-section change was influenced strongly by upstream reservoir operation and downstream channel bed armoring thereafter occurred gradually and extended to the reach below Sanhuhekou gauging station. Besides, median diameter of suspended sediment load experienced a three-stage change that is characterized by an increase at first, then a decrease and an increase again finally, which reflects the process of channel bed armoring that began at Qingtongxia reservoir and then gradually developed downstream to the reach below Sanhuhekou cross-section. Since the joint operation strategy of Longyangxia, Liujiaxia and Qingtongxia reservoirs was introduced in 1986, the three-stage change trend has become less evident than that in the time period between 1969 and 1986 when only Qingtongxia and Liujiaxia reservoirs were put into operation alone. In addition, since 1987, the extent of lateral migration and thalweg elevation change at Toudaoguai cross-section has reduced dramatically, cross-sectional profile and location tended to be stable, which is beneficial to the normal living for local people.  相似文献   

绿化对冬季山谷城市边界层结构影响的数值模拟研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

杨胜朋  吕世华  陈玉春  奥银焕  余晔 《中国沙漠》2010,30(3):691-698

利用RAMS模式模拟了兰州南北两山绿化对冬季兰州城市边界层结构的影响。结果表明:两山绿化改变了近地面的温度场和风场,从日平均温度来看,绿化在兰州冬季表现为明显的增温效应;从风场来看,白天14:00南山的谷风环流增强,北山变化不明显;晚上02:00北山的山风环流明显增强,南山则出现相反的情况;绿化改变了地表能量平衡,绿化后由于地表反照率的减小,使得到达地面净辐射增加,增加的净辐射其中一部分以感热的形式来加热大气;绿化后地气之间的湍流交换增强,增加了大气不稳定度,减弱了白天城市上空的悬浮逆温;本文还讨论了不同绿化布局对白天悬浮逆温的影响。  相似文献   

近500年来长江上游亚热带山地中低山植被的演替   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

蓝勇 《地理研究》2010,29(7):1182-1192

从人口分布变迁入手探讨植被变迁,发现距今500年以前,长江上游亚热带山地海拔3000~1500m的中低山地区多是乔木林为主而间与草甸混交景观,而非现在的以草甸、灌草坡为主的景观。人类主要居住在海拔1500m以下的平坝、台地和丘陵地区,人类活动对海拔1500m以上的山地地区影响甚小。现代地理学界静态描述的长江上游地区海拔1500~3000m的中低山湿地草坡带,在500多年前仍多是以冷杉、云杉为主的针阔叶林与草甸混交景观。近500年来人类垦殖、商业砍伐、皇木采办等活动是造成这种变化的主要原因。皇木采办、商业采办影响了长江上游中低山的森林资源的品质,主要对高大的楠杉的砍伐,较明显地影响了森林的郁闭度,但并不给森林资源带来不可回归的影响。人类垦殖活动,特别是固定的农耕活动,大量砍挖树根,使森林资源的自我恢复失去了可能。气候变化的影响可能在其中,一时还难以区分,需继续关注。  相似文献   

草原化荒漠植被草本层片植物对人工施加氮素的响应     

苏洁琼  李新荣  李小军  贺郝钰  贾荣亮  高永平 《中国沙漠》2010,30(6):1336-1340

水分是干旱区生态过程的第一非生物限制因子,土壤氮由于直接影响着生物生产力和土壤生态过程而被认为是仅次于水分的限制因子。利用人工施加氮肥的控制试验研究了荒漠植被草本层片植物在多度、物种丰富度、高生长以及地上部分生物量等群落学特征对不同施肥处理的响应。结果表明,在施肥量分别为12.5、25、50 g·m-2时,样方植物多度和物种丰富度在施肥当年和第二年较对照均有不同程度的降低,且施肥量越高,降低越明显,这一结果支持来自典型草地和森林植被生物多样性对氮素增加或氮降沉增加响应的结论,即氮素的增加会使生物多样性减少。地上部分生物量对施氮肥的响应在施肥当年(年降水量为多年平均值的1.4倍)和第二年(年降水量为多年平均值的0.7倍)表现出相反的规律,即施肥当年随着施肥量的增加生物量显著增加,而在第二年则显著减小,说明水肥耦合同样有利于荒漠生态系统生物生产力的提高。氮素对植物高生长的影响不明显,各施肥梯度与对照相比均无显著性差异(P>0.05),这可能主要取决于荒漠草本植物本身固有的生物学特性。  相似文献   

中国西北干旱区地-气温差变化成因分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

符睿  韦志刚  文军  李振朝 《中国沙漠》2010,30(6):1442-1449

利用1961—2000年中国西北干旱区49个气象台站百叶箱气温、0 cm地温、降水和近地层风速月平均资料,以及NCEP/NCAR再分析月平均资料,分析了我国西北干旱区地-气温差变化的原因。结果表明,20世纪后40 a西北干旱区冬季地-气温差呈减小趋势,其可能原因是20世纪80年代后全球进一步变暖,西北干旱区对流层中层高度场升高、气温升高,风场易出现反气旋式环流距平,寒潮活动减少,近地层风速减弱使得气温增暖高于地温。而春初对流层中层高度场偏低时,气温偏低,降水偏多,风场易出现气旋式环流距平,近地层风速减弱使得气温增暖低于地温,所以春初地-气温差呈上升趋势。  相似文献   

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地冬季大气边界层O3廓线分析   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

何清  刘强  杨兴华  艾力·买买提明  霍文  梁云 《中国沙漠》2010,30(4):909-916

为了揭示塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地冬季大气边界层O3的浓度变化特征,利用系留气艇于2008年1月18—25日在塔中地区进行了大气边界层O3观测试验,结合相关资料,初步分析了塔中地区冬季边界层O3浓度垂直分布特征及其与温度、湿度的关系。其结果是:①塔中地区臭氧浓度集中分布在10~50 ppb之间,其中试验期间观测到O3最大浓度值56.1 ppb,最小浓度为2.6 ppb,臭氧的最大浓度基本都在40 ppb左右,日平均浓度为34.4 ppb。②大气边界层O3的浓度廓线可分为峰值型、均匀型、增长型3种,其中均匀型所占比重最大。③大气边界层O3浓度与温度、湿度密切相关,逆温及空气中水汽的增加会导致臭氧浓度降低。④大气边界层O3有明显的日变化,越贴近地面日变化越明显,其变化特征与太阳辐射有着密切关系。臭氧浓度夜晚较低,日出后开始增加,午后达到一天中的最大值;随着日落,臭氧浓度开始减小,在清晨达到最小值;臭氧浓度日最大值出现在17:00,最小值出现在08:00。  相似文献   

地震效应和坡顶超载对均质土坡稳定性影响的拟静力分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

罗强  赵炼恒  李亮  谭捍华 《岩土力学》2010,31(12):3835-3841

基于强度折减技术和极限分析上限定理,假定机动容许的速度场破坏面,考虑坡顶超载、水平和竖向地震效应影响推导了边坡稳定性安全系数的计算表达式。采用序列二次规划迭代方法（和内点迭代方法）对边坡安全系数目标函数进行能量耗散最小化意义上的优化计算,与多个算例的对比验证了其方法和程序计算的正确性;对影响土质边坡动态稳定性的一些因素进行了参数分析,分析表明：随着边坡倾角?、坡顶超载q、水平和竖向地震效应影响系数的增大,边坡稳定性安全系数显著下降;随着坡顶超载q、水平地震效应影响系数kh的增大、竖向地震效应影响系数kv的减小,边坡的潜在滑动面越来越深,潜在破坏范围越来越大。竖向地震效应对边坡稳定性也有一定影响,强震条件下的设计计算必须考虑竖向地震效应的影响。  相似文献   

Responses to climate warming of hydrological processes in the upper Kelan River in the Altay Mountains, Xinjiang, China     

YongPing Shen  GuoYa Wang  QingBai Wu  NingLian Wang  WeiYi Mao  HongChao Su 《寒旱区科学》2010,2(4):0315-0327

Kelan River is a branch of the Ertix River, originating in the Altay Mountains in Xinjiang, northwestern China. The upper streams of the Kelan River are located on the southern slope of the Altay Mountains; they arise from small glacial lakes at an elevation of more than 2,500 m. The total water-collection area of the studied basin, from 988 to 3,480 m, is about 1,655 km2. Almost 95 percent of the basin area is covered with snow in winter. The westerly air masses deplete nearly all the moisture that comes in the form of snow during the winter months in the upper and middle reaches of the basin. That annual flow from the basin is about 382 mm, about 45 percent of which is contributed by snowmelt. The mean annual precipitation in the basin is about 620 mm, which is primarily concentrated in the upper and middle basin. The Kelan River system could be vulnerable to climate change because of substantial contribution from snowmelt runoff. The hydrological system could be altered significantly because of a warming of the climate. The impact of climate change on the hydrological cycle and events would pose an additional threat to the Altay region. The Kelan River, a typical snow-dominated watershed, has more area at higher elevations and accumulates snow during the winter. The peak flow occurs as a result of snow-melting during the late spring or early summer. Stream flow varies strongly throughout the year because of seasonal cycles of precipitation, snowpack, temperature, and groundwater. Changes in the temperature and precipitation affect the timing and volume of stream-flow. The stream-flow consists of contributions from meltwater of snow and ice and from runoff of rainfall. Therefore, it has low flow in winter, high flow during the spring and early summer as the snowpack melts, and less flows during the late summer. Because of the warming of the current climate change, hydrology processes of the Kelan River have undergone marked changes, as evidenced by the shift of the maximum flood peak discharge from May to June  相似文献   

既有路基下浅埋隧道开挖引起地层的位移及应力解析解     

艾传志  王芝银 《岩土力学》2010,31(2):541-546

在既有公路下进行浅埋隧道开挖会引起地层产生位移,导致地表沉降。为了保证施工安全,快速精确地计算地层位移及应力,有效地控制地表沉降,对浅埋隧道的设计与施工均十分重要。在镜像法原理的基础上,引入等效模量当层法,推导出了在有上覆不同材料下浅埋圆形隧道开挖引起地层位移、应力及地表沉降的解析分布规律。计算结果表明,既有路基下开挖隧道引起地层产生的位移和应力解析解能够很好地体现上层高弹性模量路基对沉降及应力的扩散作用,可以求得隧道开挖后洞周地层包括上覆路基及下卧层中任意位置处的位移、应力以及地表沉降,为在双层地基材料中开挖浅埋隧道引起地层位移及地表沉降的计算提供了一种新的解析方法。  相似文献