The Earthquake Readiness Scale: The Development of a Valid and Reliable Unifactorial Measure     

Matthew J. Spittal  Frank H. Walkey  John McClure  Richard J. Siegert  Kimberley E. Ballantyne 《Natural Hazards》2006,39(1):15-29

Preparedness is a key dependent variable in many studies examining people’s response to disasters such as earthquakes. A feature of many studies on this issue, however, is the lack of attention given to psychometric issues when constructing measures of preparedness. With regard to earthquake preparation, for example, many studies could be greatly improved by the use of a valid and reliable measure of preparedness. This research developed such a measure that assessed both low-level preparedness, such as having an emergency kit, and high-level preparedness, such as altering home structures to mitigate damage. Studies of Wellington (New Zealand) residents using two samples totalling n=652 showed that 23 items measuring these different aspects of earthquake preparation could be combined into a reliable, valid, unifactorial scale. This brief scale should have utility in multivariate studies of earthquake preparation, either as a dependent variable, where preparation is the outcome variable of primary interest, or as one of several independent variables, where preparation and other measures predict another outcome variable.  相似文献   

变分同化方法在Lorenz系统中的简单应用研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

杜川利  黄向宇  俞小鼎 《气象》2005,31(2):23-26

利用Lorenz模式作变分同化数值试验，通过对一个简单系统的讨论，介绍四维变分同化方法。对初值敏感性和观测点的个数及观测值作了对比试验，发现随着模式对初值敏感性的增加，同化效果会越来越差；观测点越少，观测值误差越大，这些都会影响同化效果，甚至导致同化失败。  相似文献   

Fitness-for-Purpose of Reference Material Reference Values in Relation to Traceability of Measurement, as Illustrated by USGS BCR-1, NIST SRM 610 and IAEA NBS28   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jean S. Kane 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2002,26(1):7-29

As in all fields of sample analysis, reference materials play a large role in supporting measurements in the geosciences. While a rather large number of materials are in distribution (> 380), not all are equally effective or fit-for-purpose in supporting laboratory data quality and thereby assuring the desired comparability of measurements between laboratories. Equally important, reference values that are not fit-for-purpose cannot be used effectively to establish traceability links between laboratory measurements and national and international standards. The needed fitness-for-purpose is not achieved for reference values either when more than one reference value has been proposed and a consensus does not exist among users as to which should be used by all, or when reference value uncertainties are too large in comparison to those of routine laboratory measurements. The focus of this review will be, first to outline the current reality, and second to suggest ways in which certifications of RMs can be improved to provide reference values that are universally accepted and more fit-for-purpose in general laboratory use. The discussion will be illustrated largely by current uses of USGS BCR-1, NIST SRM 610 and IAEA NBS28, as these three materials are those for which the largest body of newly published data exists, according to recent bibliographies of the geoanalytical literature published annually in Geostandards Newsletter: The Journal of Geostandards and Geoanalysis.  相似文献   

人工值守台数字化地震仪标定原理   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张海  张艺 《四川地震》2002,(3):45-48

推导了人工台数字化地震仪的分段标定公式，提出数字化记录系统的微分近似标定和拾震器阻尼衰减法标定的方法，并提供了不同短周期地震仪与数字化地震仪并行的藕合方式和标定计算公式。  相似文献   

一种计算固体潮观测数据改正值的新方法     

熊先保 《地震研究》2002,25(4):346-350

从标定前一天和标定当天的地形变前兆数据变化趋势入手，在分析当天数据结构的基础上采用最小二乘法原理，提出了一种计算数采改正值的新方法。经典型实例计算表明，该方法精度较高，效果明显。并对误差的来源作了进一步的分析。  相似文献   

VS型垂直摆倾斜仪的安装调试与标定要点   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

秦家林  佟国刚 《东北地震研究》2002,18(3):20-21

本文总结了铁岭地震台安装，调试与标定VS型垂直倾仪的经验。  相似文献   

求解变分不等式的Newton迭代的半局部收敛性分析     

王征宇  沈祖和 《华东地质学院学报》2003,26(2):159-162

分析了求解变分不等式Newton方法的半局部收敛性，建立了类似于Kantorovich定理的收敛性结果。该结果不仅为判断Newton方法的收敛性提供了可计算的充分条件，也给出了Newton方法的收敛域以及问题解的存在区域。同时，文章也得到了Newton方法的若干收敛性质，包含收敛阶以及可计算的误差估计式等。  相似文献   

附有约束条件的最小二乘影像匹配及其在交通事故中的应用     

刘荣  张祖勋  张剑清 《华东地质学院学报》2003,26(3):287-290

影像匹配技术在图像处理与计算机视觉中有着非常重要的作用。最小二乘影像匹配方法是常用的匹配方法之一。本文简单介绍了目前影像匹配的几种方法及其优缺点，探讨了数字相机的检校原理与方法。重点介绍附有约束条件的最小二乘影像匹配的原理及匹配过程，结合交通事故处理的实例，论证了该方法的可行性。与传统方法相比，在测量精度、自动化程度以及数据三维可视化等方面具有明显优势。  相似文献   

变参考慢度Born近似傅氏偏移   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杜正聪  贺振华  王志  黄德济 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2003,33(4):555-558

针对常规Born近似傅氏偏移方法对于剧烈横向变速介质不能精确成像的状况而提出了变参考慢度Born近似傅氏偏移，理论上解决了任意速度变化地质模型的偏移成像问题。此外，为进一步提高复杂地层的成像精度和波场延拓算子的稳定性，对散射波场的计算公式作了改进。将改进的方法运用于盐丘模型的正演和偏移试验，并与常规Born近似偏移方法相比较，可明显看出变参考慢度Born近似傅氏偏移方法在效果上要优于后者，其处理速度横向变化的能力大大增强。  相似文献   

在数值预报中应用卫星反演资料的质量控制研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

李华宏  沈桐立  王曼 《南京气象学院学报》2003,26(6):749-758

资料变分同化作为提高数值预报准确率的有效手段之一，受到了越来越多的关注。如何将分辨率较高的卫星资料应用到数值预报中，弥补常规观测网时空分辨率的不足，成为数值天气预报的重要课题。以1996年6月28-29日发生在江淮流域的暴雨过程为例，依据其中尺度场和能量场特征，分别以低云量、急流、湿静力能为标准设计了三套质量控制方案。将质量控制后的反演湿度场变分同化并应用到中尺度MM5模式中，结果表明：经质量控制后，可以明显地改善降水区域及降水量的预报；对降水预报，特别是强降水天气过程的预报，该质量控制方案具有普遍意义。  相似文献