Characterisation of geotechnical model uncertainty     

Kok-Kwang Phoon 《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2019,13(2):101-130

The calculated response from a numerical model will deviate from the measured one given the presence of modelling idealizations and real world construction effects. This deviation can be directly captured by a ratio between the measured and the calculated quantity. The ratio is also called a model factor in many design guides. The probabilistic distribution of the model factor is arguably the most common and simplest complete representation of model uncertainty. The characterisation of model uncertainty is identified as one of the critical elements in a geotechnical reliability-based design process in Annex D of ISO 2394:2015 “General Principles on Reliability of Structures”. This Spotlight paper reviews the databases for various geo-structures and determines their associated model statistics. Foundation load test databases are the most prevalent. A recent effort to compile a large generic database (PILE/2739) that contains 2739 field load tests conducted on various piles and installed in different soils and countries, is highlighted. This systematic compilation of load test data is part of a broader research agenda to digitalise foundation design for “precision construction”, which is targeted at characterising “site-specific” model factors and soil parameters based on both site-specific and generic data for further customisation of design to a particular site. The mean and COV of the model factor for a range of geo-structures, geomaterials, and limit states (both ultimate and serviceability) are summarized in a form suitable for adoption in design and codes of practice. Based on this summary, it is proposed that a model factor for a design model can be classified as: (1) moderately conservative (1?≤?mean?相似文献   

Development of partial factor design method on bending strength of piles for Japanese Specifications for Highway Bridges     

Toshiaki Nanazawa  Tetsuya Kouno  Gaku Sakashita  Takashi Nakaura 《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2019,13(3):176-184

ABSTRACT

This paper describes the development of a partial factor design method on the bending strength of piles for the Japanese Specifications for Highway Bridges. First, uncertainties in mobilised bending moments and yield bending moments were evaluated by Monte Carlo simulations. Second, the reliability of piles designed by the previous specifications were evaluated on the basis of reliability analysis considering uncertainties in the mobilised bending moments, yield bending moments, and other factors. Finally, a partial factor design method utilising a survey subsurface investigation method and ground type was developed to reach target reliability levels determined by the Standards.  相似文献   

闽江河口地区河道演变及其影响因素分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

周建军  陈刚  胡成  陈华丽 《海岸工程》2004,23(1):13-20

比之传统的调查方法,利用遥惑技术进行岸线解译具有范围大、多时段、省时、省力以及快速等优点。根据多时相TM遥惑数据,对闽江河口地区岸线进行解译,结合20世纪60年代地形图和2001年海图,分析了河口地区河道演变情况．对河流岸线和浅滩变化进行对比分析,发现闽江口南部水道多呈淤积状态,北边水道则为弱侵蚀型岸线;南部水下浅滩有新发育,原有的浅滩面积有很大的扩展,北边水道变化较小;文章最后对河道演变的影响因素进行了初步的探讨。  相似文献   

浒苔光照和盐度胁迫响应基因UpMYB44的克隆与表达分析     

何渊  杨娟娟  沈颂东 《海洋与湖沼》2021,52(5):1191-1200

为证明R2R3-MYB转录因子在浒苔响应非生物胁迫例如盐度和光照的过程中发挥的重要调控作用,利用实时荧光定量PCR、酵母双杂交系统、亚细胞定位等技术,研究获得了浒苔UpMYB44基因1 437 bp的开放阅读框(ORF)全长序列,编码478个氨基酸,属于典型的R2R3-MYB转录因子并通过烟草叶片转化确定其定位于细胞核,UpMYB44参与浒苔响应光照和盐度的胁迫过程,其中在低光和高盐胁迫下UpMYB44基因的相对表达量升高。筛选出了与UpMYB44互作的UpCPP5蛋白,该蛋白与浒苔的生长和细胞分裂有关,推测UpMYB44可能通过与UpCPP5互作,形成蛋白复合体参与浒苔的增殖过程。研究为日后深入探究MYB类转录因子家族调控藻类生长发育的过程奠定了基础,同时为研究浒苔快速繁殖的机制提供了思路。  相似文献   

白芍(Radix paeoniae alba)提取物对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)造血组织发育及造血因子Astakine的影响     

吕孙建  焦锦彪  刘莉  袁雪梅  于喆  张海琪  杭小英  施伟达  吴颖蕾 《海洋与湖沼》2021,52(3):754-761

血淋巴细胞在甲壳动物免疫反应中起着非常重要的作用,其主要由造血组织(Hematopoietic tissue, HPT)生成并随着开管式循环分布到身体各处。到目前为止,还没有相关研究表明甲壳动物造血组织是否受草本植物的影响。本研究以中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)为对象,利用荧光定量PCR、免疫荧光和组织化学等技术,初步探索了白芍(Radix paeoniae alba)提取物对中华绒螯蟹造血组织和造血因子Astakine的影响。结果显示,在原代培养的造血组织细胞中添加终浓度为0.85mg/mL的白芍提取物后,造血因子Astakine mRNA的表达量显著上调(P0.05)。进一步制备含1%白芍提取物的中华绒螯蟹饲料并进行饲喂实验,结果显示饲喂含白芍提取物饲料的中华绒螯蟹造血组织的Astakine mRNA的表达量较饲喂前上调了10.5倍,要高于对照组。免疫荧光结果同样表明,饲喂含白芍提取物饲料后中华绒螯蟹造血组织的Astakine蛋白荧光信号也要强于对照组。通过造血组织的形态学观察和造血组织体重百分比的检测,我们发现白芍组中华绒螯蟹造血组织含有较多卵形小叶,且造血组织体重百分比较饲喂前增加了6.64%,而对照组仅增加1.6%。免疫保护率实验显示,在脂多糖急性刺激下,白芍添加组的中华绒螯蟹的存活率(77.5%)要高于对照组(57.5%)。综上所述,白芍提取物可以促进中华绒螯蟹造血因子的表达和造血组织的发育,从而提高中华绒螯蟹的免疫调节功能。  相似文献   

黎安港海水和沉积物中叶绿素a含量及与环境因子的关系分析     

庞巧珠  骆丽珍  曾广锐  吴瑞  陈石泉  陈海鹰  梁计林 《海洋湖沼通报》2021,(1):133-141

在2019年6月和9月对黎安港海域9个站点进行水质和沉积物采样调查,研究叶绿素a含量在潟湖内的空间分布,并探讨叶绿素a含量与相关环境因子的关系,为黎安省级海草特别保护区的海草资源保护与恢复提供基础数据及理论研究。结果表明:水体叶绿素a含量时空分布不均匀。6月,水体叶绿素a含量变化范围为3.34μg/L~14.64μg/L,均值为6.36μg/L;9月含量变化范围为12.20μg/L~21.62μg/L,均值17.61μg/L。总体上9月高于6月,空间分布特征为西南和北部偏高,东南部海草区和南部的港口门区偏低。沉积物叶绿素a含量变化范围为0.12μg/g~31.95μg/g,均值为5.71μg/g,表层沉积物叶绿素a呈北高南低的分布特征,柱状样叶绿素a随深度增加基本呈下降趋势。Pearson相关分析结果表明,6月,水质叶绿素a与无机氮和活性磷酸盐呈显著正相关,与水温和透明度相关性不显著;9月,与无机氮呈显著负相关,与其他因子相关性不显著;沉积物叶绿素a与水深、有机碳、总氮有关;说明营养物质和水下光照条件是影响浮游植物生长的主要因素。  相似文献   

红树林根际土壤中耐高盐苯酚降解菌的分离鉴定          下载免费PDF全文

曹宏明  龚斌  朱丽娟  潘贵妮  刘飞琪  李世盛 《应用海洋学学报》2021,40(2):179-188

苯酚对海洋生态环境具有较大的威胁,从红树林根际土壤中分离获得对环境具有高适应性的高效芳烃降解菌具有重要的意义。本研究对北部湾红树林根际土壤中的苯酚降解菌进行富集培养,经过分离纯化得到30株菌株,筛选得到5株菌株FGYS1、FGYS7、FGYS11、FGYB1和FGYB5,可耐受70 g/L NaCl的高盐环境,最高可降解1 500 mg/L的苯酚。采用形态观察、BOX-PCR菌种多样性分析、16S rRNA序列分析等方法对菌株进行鉴定,均为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)。菌株FGYS1、FGYS7和FGYS11为同一种假单胞菌,与Pseudomonas extremaustralis 14-3T和Pseudomonas meridiana CMS 38~T的16S rRNA序列相似性分别达到99.71%和99.64%。菌株FGYB1和FGYB5为同一种假单胞菌,分别与Pseudomonas veronii DSM 11331~T和Pseudomonas extremaustralis 14-3~T的16S rRNA序列相似性均达到99.64%。16S rRNA序列的系统发育树分析表明菌株FGYS1、FGYS7、FGYS11、FGYB1和FGYB5在进化上与P. veronii为同一个分支,而与假单胞菌属其他模式菌株的序列进化关系相距较远。菌株FGYS1降解苯酚的适宜温度为25～35℃、适宜pH为4～6、最高耐NaCl含量为60 g/L;菌株FGYB1降解苯酚的适宜温度为25～35℃、适宜pH为4～6、最高耐NaCl含量为100 g/L,两株菌株对pH、温度和盐度的适应范围较广。菌株FGYS1和FGYB1还可以同时降解邻苯二酚、对苯二酚和间苯二酚。本研究分离得到的苯酚降解菌在应对红树林芳烃污染和生态环境修复方面显示了较大的潜力。  相似文献   

益气和胃胶囊联合八段锦治疗慢性胃炎伴焦虑、抑郁50例          下载免费PDF全文

陈务华  罗仁瀚  余景聪 《应用海洋学学报》2021,37(6):11

目的：探讨益气和胃胶囊联合八段锦治疗慢性胃炎（CG）伴焦虑、抑郁的疗效及其对炎症因子、免疫功能等的影响。方法：选取100 例CG伴焦虑、抑郁的患者为研究对象,按随机数字表法将其分为2组,每组各50 例。对照组行西医常规治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加用益气和胃胶囊联合八段锦治疗。比较2组综合疗效、焦虑自评量表（SAS）和抑郁自评量表（SDS）评分、患者免疫功能和炎症因子指标变化、不良反应及治疗后6个月生活质量。结果：总有效率治疗组为96.00%（48/50）,对照组为72.00%（36/50）,2组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;治疗前2组SAS与SDS评分、免疫功能及炎症因子指标比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,治疗后2组SAS、SDS评分较治疗前均明显下降,且治疗组治疗后SAS、SDS评分低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;治疗后2组CD3⁺、CD4⁺和CD4⁺/CD8⁺水平较治疗前显著提高,且治疗组升高幅度优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;治疗后2组白细胞介素（IL）-6、IL-7及转化生长因子（TGF）-β1水平较治疗前显著降低,且治疗组降低幅度大于对照组（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;不良反应发生率治疗组为2.00%（1/50）,对照组为20.00%（10/50）,2组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;出院后6个月随访,生活质量（QOL-100）评分治疗组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。结论：在CG伴焦虑、抑郁的西医常规治疗基础上加用益气和胃胶囊联合八段锦治疗可改善患者焦虑、抑郁症状,提高免疫功能和生活质量,减少炎症反应和不良反应,值得临床推广。  相似文献   

Effectiveness of post-fire salvage logging stream buffer management for hillslope erosion in the U.S. Inland Northwest Mountains     

Peter R. Robichaud  Edwin D. Bone  Sarah A. Lewis  Erin S. Brooks  Robert E. Brown 《水文研究》2021,35(1):e13943

Active wildfire seasons in the western U.S. warrant the evaluation of post-fire forest management strategies. Ground-based salvage logging is often used to recover economic loss of burned timber. In unburned forests, ground-based logging often follows best management practices by leaving undisturbed areas near streams called stream buffers. However, the effectiveness of these buffers has not been tested in a post-wildfire setting. This experiment tested buffer width effectiveness with a novel field-simulated rill experiment using sediment-laden runoff (25 g/L) released over 40 min at evenly timed flow rates (50, 100 and 150 L/min) to measure surface runoff travel length and sediment concentration under unburned and high and low soil burn severity conditions at 2-, 10- and 22-month post-fire. High severity areas 2-month post-fire had rill lengths of up to 100 m. Rill length significantly decreased over time as vegetation regrowth provided ground cover. Sediment concentration and sediment dropout rate also varied significantly by soil burn severity. Sediment concentrations were 19 g/L for the highest flow 2-month post-fire and reduced to 6.9–14 g/L 10-month post-fire due to abundant vegetation recovery. The amount of sediment dropping out of the flow consistently increased over the study period with the low burn severity rate of 1.15 g L⁻¹ m⁻¹ approaching the unburned rate of 1.29 g L⁻¹ m⁻¹ by 2-year post-fire. These results suggest that an often-used standard, 15 m buffer, was sufficient to contain surface runoff and reduce sediment concentration on unburned sites, however buffers on high burn severity sites need to be eight times greater (120 m) immediately after wildfire and four times greater (60 m) 1-year post-fire. Low burn severity areas 1-year post-fire may need to be only twice the width of an unburned buffer (30 m), and 2-year post-fire these could return to unburned widths.  相似文献   

Cover crops and precipitation influence soluble reactive phosphorus losses via tile drain discharge in an agricultural watershed     

Matt T. Trentman  Jennifer L. Tank  Todd V. Royer  Shannon L. Speir  Ursula H. Mahl  Lienne R. Sethna 《水文研究》2020,34(23):4446-4458

Subsurface tile drainage speeds water removal from agricultural fields that are historically prone to flooding. While managed drainage systems improve crop yields, they can also contribute tothe eutrophication of downstream ecosystems, as tile-drained systems are conduits for nutrients to adjacent waterways. The changing climate of the Midwestern US has already altered precipitation regimes which will likely continue into the future, with unknown effects on tile drain water and nutrient loss to waterways. Adding vegetative cover (i.e., as winter cover crops) is one approach that can retain water and nutrients on fields to minimize export via tile drains. In the current study, we evaluate the effect of cover crops on tile drain discharge and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) loads using bi-monthly measurements from 43 unique tile outlets draining fields with or without cover crops in two watersheds in northern Indiana. Using four water years of data (n = 844 measurements), we examined the role of short-term antecedent precipitation conditions and variation in soil biogeochemistry in mediating the effect of cover crops on tile drain flow and SRP loads. We observed significant effects of cover crops on both tile drain discharge and SRP loads, but these results were season and watershed specific. Cover crop effects were identified only in spring, where their presence reduced tile drain discharge in both watersheds and SRP loads in one watershed. Varying effects on SRP loads between watersheds were attributed to different soil biogeochemical characteristics, where soils with lower bioavailable P and higher P sorption capacity were less likely to have a cover crop effect. Antecedent precipitation was important in spring, and cover crop differences were still evident during periods of wet and dry antecedent precipitation conditions. Overall, we show that cover crops have the potential to significantly decrease spring tile drain P export, and these effects are resilient to a wide range of precipitation conditions.  相似文献