Drought assessment in a south Mediterranean transboundary catchment     

Khouloud Gader  Ahlem Gara  Marnik Vanclooster  Slaheddine Khlifi  Mohamed Slimani 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(8):1300-1315

ABSTRACT

Predicting the impacts of climate change on water resources remains a challenging task and requires a good understanding of the dynamics of the forcing terms in the past. In this study, the variability of precipitation and drought patterns is studied over the Mediterranean catchment of the Medjerda in Tunisia based on an observed rainfall dataset collected at 41 raingauges during the period 1973–2012. The standardized precipitation index and the aridity index were used to characterize drought variability. Multivariate and geostatistical techniques were further employed to identify the spatial variability of annual rainfall. The results show that the Medjerda is marked by a significant spatio-temporal variability of drought, with varying extreme wet and dry events. Four regions with distinct rainfall regimes are identified by utilizing the K-means cluster analysis. A principal component analysis identifies the variables that are responsible for the relationships between precipitation and drought variability.  相似文献   

Evaluating simulated daily discharge for operational hydrological drought monitoring in the Global Drought Observatory (GDO)     

C. Cammalleri  P. Barbosa  J. V. Vogt 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(8):1316-1325

ABSTRACT

Hydrological drought is currently underrepresented in global monitoring systems, mainly due the shortage of near real-time estimates of river discharge at the global scale. In this study, the outputs of the Lisflood model are used to define a low-flow drought index, which shows a good correspondence with long-term records of the Global Runoff Data Centre in the period 1980–2014, as well as with verified information from the literature on six major drought events (covering different regions and watershed sizes). In contrast, the near real-time simulation (from 2015 onward) provides temporally inconsistent estimates over about 20% of the modelled cells (mostly over South America and Central Africa), even if reasonable results are obtained over other regions, as confirmed by intercomparison with the operational outcomes of the European Drought Observatory for the 2018 drought. In spite of the highlighted limitations, valuable information for operational drought monitoring can be retrieved from these simulations.  相似文献   

Flood-type trend analysis for alpine catchments     

Anna E. Sikorska-Senoner  Jan Seibert 《水文科学杂志》2020,65(8):1281-1299

ABSTRACT

In many places, magnitudes and frequencies of floods are expected to increase due to climate change. To understand these changes better, trend analyses of historical data are helpful. However, traditional trend analyses do not address issues related to shifts in the relative contributions of rainfall versus snowmelt floods, or in the frequency of a particular flood type. We present a novel approach for quantifying such trends in time series of floods using a fuzzy decision tree for event classification and applied it to maximal annual and seasonal floods in 27 alpine catchments for the period 1980–2014. Trends in flood types were studied with Sen’s slope and double mass curves. Our results reveal a decreasing number of rain-on-snow and an increasing number of short rainfall events in all catchments, with flash floods increasing in smaller catchments. Overall, the results demonstrate the value of incorporating a fuzzy flood-type classification into flood trend analyses.  相似文献   

Geochemical Aspects of Hypogene Hydrothermal Alteration Zones in the Chol-qeshlaghi Area, NW Iran: Constrains on REEs     

Kamal SIAHCHESHM  Mohammad SHAHSAVANI BAMI 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(3):777-788

Chol-qeshlaghi altered area lies in the northwestern part of the post-collisional Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc, NW Iran. Pervasive silicic, argillic, phyllic and propylitic altered zones appears to be intimately affiliated to the fluids derivative of upper Oligocene Khankandi granodiorite. This paper is dedicated to the identification of geochemical characteristics of hydrothermal alterations, focusing on the determination of the mass gains and losses of REEs, to gain significant insights regarding the chemical exchanges prevailed between the host rocks and hydrothermal fluids. The low pH and high activity of SO_4~(-2) ligands in silicic alteration fluids, resulting in depletion of entire REEs. Decreasing of LREEs appeared in argillic zone may attributed to reduce in adsorption ability of clay minerals in low pH; whereas HREEs enrichment in phyllic zone was inclined to put it down to the abundance of sericite(± Fe oxides). A significant reduction of Eu/Eu* ratio in silicic zone can be attributed to negligible sulfides and clay minerals as some effective agents in adsorption of released Eu~(+2). Factors such as changes in pH, the abundance of absorptive neomorph mineral phases, activity of ligands play an important role in controlling the distribution and concentration of REEs in Chol-qeshlaghi alteration system.  相似文献   

Timing and Processes of Ore Formation in the Qingchengzi Polymetallic Orefield, Northeast China: Evidence from 40Ar/39Ar Geochronology     

WANG Yinzhi  WANG Fei  SHI Wenbei  YANG Liekun  WU Lin 《《地质学报》英文版》2020,94(3):789-800

The Qingchengzi orefield is a large polymetallic ore concentration area in the Liaodong peninsula,northeastern China,that includes twelve Pb-Zn deposits and five Au-Ag deposits along its periphery.The ore-forming age remains much disputed,which prevents the identification of the relationship between the mineralization and the associated magmatism.In this paper,we quantitatively present the feasibility of making ore mineral ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar dating and report reliable ~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar ages of lamprophyre groundmass,K-feldspar and sphalerite from the Zhenzigou deposit.Direct and indirect methods are applied to constrain the timing of mineralization,which plays a vital role in discussing the contribution of multistage magmatism to ore formation.The low-potassium sphalerite yielded an inverse isochron age of 232.8±41.5 Ma,which features a relatively large uncertainty.Two lamprophyre groundmasses got reliable inverse isochron ages of 193.2±1.3 Ma and 152.3±1.5 Ma,respectively.K-feldspar yielded a precise inverse isochron age of 134.9±0.9 Ma.These four ages indicate that the mineralization is closely associated with Mesozoic magmatism.Consequently,regarding the cooling age of the earliest Mesozoic Shuangdinggou intrusion(224.2±1.2 Ma)as the initial time of mineralization,we can further constrain the age of the sphalerite to 224–191 Ma.These new and existing geochronological data,combined with the interaction cutting or symbiotic relationship between the lamprophyre veins and ore veins,suggest that the Pb-Zn-Au-Ag mineralization in the Qingchengzi orefield mainly occurred during three periods:the late Triassic(ca.224–193 Ma),the late Jurassic(ca.167–152 Ma)and the early Cretaceous(ca.138–134 Ma).This polymetallic deposits are shown to have been formed during multiple events coinciding with periods of the Mesozoic magmatic activity.In contrast,the Proterozoic magmatism and submarine exhalative and hydrothermal sedimentation in the Liaolaomo paleorift served mainly to transport and concentrate the ore-forming substances at the Liaohe Group with no associated Pb-Zn-Au-Ag mineralization.  相似文献   

黄淮海平原冬小麦生长期旱情分析   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  

赵昕奕  刘继韩 《地理科学》1999,19(2):181-185

黄淮海平原降水较少且年际、季际变化大,因此水分供应状况成为该区作物,特别是以冬春季为主要生育期的冬小麦的主限制因素。鉴于作物实际蒸散量与潜在蒸散量关系依赖于作物生长状况和土壤水分的事实,提出反映作物缺水状况的干旱指标———作物水分胁迫指数（ＣＷＳＩ）。计算黄淮海平原冬小麦生长期间的ＣＷＳＩ,并分析其在自然降水条件及适量灌溉条件下的时空分异规律  相似文献   

用NCEP／NCAR再分析辐射资料估算月平均地表反照率   总被引：16，自引：1，他引：15  

张琼  钱永甫 《地理学报》1999,54(4):309-317

本文利用１９７９年￣１９９５年１７年平均的ＮＣＥＰ／ＮＣＡＲ（Ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ Ｃｅｎｔｅｒ ｆｏｒ Ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎ－ｔａｌ Ｐｒｅｄｉｃｔｉｏｎ／Ｎａｔｉｏｎａｌ Ｃｅｎｔｅｒ ｆｏｒ Ａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃ Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ,美国国家环境预报中心／美国国家大气研究中心）再分析辐射资料估算了全球月平均地表反照率．从所得结果的时空分布来看,用ＮＣＥＰ／ＮＣＡＲ辐射资料得到的全球地表反照率基本  相似文献   

A meta-analysis of global crop water productivity of three leading world crops (wheat,corn, and rice) in the irrigated areas over three decades     

Daniel J. Foley  Itiya P. Aneece  Pardhasaradhi G. Teluguntla  Adam J. Oliphant 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2020,13(8):939-975

ABSTRACT

The overarching goal of this study was to perform a comprehensive meta-analysis of irrigated agricultural Crop Water Productivity (CWP) of the world’s three leading crops: wheat, corn, and rice based on three decades of remote sensing and non-remote sensing-based studies. Overall, CWP data from 148 crop growing study sites (60 wheat, 43 corn, and 45 rice) spread across the world were gathered from published articles spanning 31 different countries. There was overwhelming evidence of a significant increase in CWP with an increase in latitude for predominately northern hemisphere datasets. For example, corn grown in latitude 40–50° had much higher mean CWP (2.45?kg/m³) compared to mean CWP of corn grown in other latitudes such as 30–40° (1.67?kg/m³) or 20–30° (0.94?kg/m³). The same trend existed for wheat and rice as well. For soils, none of the CWP values, for any of the three crops, were statistically different. However, mean CWP in higher latitudes for the same soil was significantly higher than the mean CWP for the same soil in lower latitudes. This applied for all three crops studied. For wheat, the global CWP categories were low (≤0.75?kg/m³), medium (>0.75 to <1.10?kg/m³), and high CWP (≥1.10?kg/m³). For corn the global CWP categories were low (≤1.25?kg/m³), medium (>1.25 to ≤1.75?kg/m³), and high (>1.75?kg/m³). For rice the global CWP categories were low (≤0.70?kg/m³), medium (>0.70 to ≤1.25?kg/m³), and high (>1.25?kg/m³). USA and China are the only two countries that have consistently high CWP for wheat, corn, and rice. Australia and India have medium CWP for wheat and rice. India’s corn, however, has low CWP. Egypt, Turkey, Netherlands, Mexico, and Israel have high CWP for wheat. Romania, Argentina, and Hungary have high CWP for corn, and Philippines has high CWP for rice. All other countries have either low or medium CWP for all three crops. Based on data in this study, the highest consumers of water for crop production also have the most potential for water savings. These countries are USA, India, and China for wheat; USA, China, and Brazil for corn; India, China, and Pakistan for rice. For example, even just a 10% increase in CWP of wheat grown in India can save 6974 billion liters of water. This is equivalent to creating 6974 lakes each of 100?m³ in volume that leads to many benefits such as acting as ‘water banks’ for lean season, recreation, and numerous ecological services. This study establishes the volume of water that can be saved for each crop in each country when there is an increase in CWP by 10%, 20%, and 30%.  相似文献   

CC天气雷达数据流传输业务台站级监控报警系统的设计与实现     

甄廷忠  唐学军  张琪  方夏馨 《气象科技》2020,48(3):368-373

利用UDP组播通信、进程监控、文件监控、网络监控等技术,研发了CC天气雷达数据流传输业务台站级监控报警系统,较早、较好地实现了雷达扫描状态、数据流上行传输、标准格式基数据本地存储、基数据补传、软件运行和网络运行状态的实时监控和短信报警。实践表明,软件运行较稳定,能对数据流传输业务进行有效监控,短信报警准确及时,报警阈值从6min缩短到40s,提升了故障的发现和处理效率,提高了天气雷达业务可用性和数据传输质量,减轻了雷达台站业务人员的值守压力。  相似文献   

辽宁省农业干旱监测预报业务系统的设计与实现     

李辑  刘东明  李荣平  李雨鸿  张微玮  李晶 《气象科技》2020,48(5):640-647

为了提高农业干旱的监测预测服务能力,减少农业干旱对社会生产生活的影响,通过对干旱信息的采集、存储、加工处理和干旱产品的制作发布等环节进行梳理与完善,构建辽宁省农业干旱监测预报业务系统,实现了对农业干旱的一体化、精细化和定量化监测和预测,实现了干旱产品的标准化、自动化制作和发布。该系统依托农业干旱监测技术、遥感干旱监测技术、农业干旱预报技术等手段,实现了观测数据的收集存储、干旱信息的展示分析和干旱产品的制作发布等功能,并形成了省、市、县一体化干旱服务体系。最终实现对干旱的全方位监测、立体化服务模式,从而提高应对干旱灾害的防灾减灾能力。该系统的业务化应用提高了农业干旱监测预测的定量化、自动化和智能化水平,提升了地面和卫星遥感干旱监测预测的业务能力。该系统构建的省市县一体化服务模式,形成了省级农业气象业务中心统一制作干旱产品,省、市、县3级同时开展精细化干旱指导服务的体系。  相似文献