http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987110000113   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Xueqi Xi  Zhongfang Yang  Yan Liao  Yujun Cui  Yansheng Li 《地学前缘(英文版)》2010,1(1):125-132

<正>Against the current background of global climate change,the study of variations in the soil carbon pool and its controlling factors may aid in the evaluation of soil's role in the mitigation or enhancement of greenhouse gas.This paper studies spatial and temporal variation in the soil carbon pool and their controlling factors in the southern Song-nen Plain in Heilongjiang Province,using soil data collected over two distinct periods by the Multi-purpose Regional Geochemical Survey in 2005—2007, and another soil survey conducted in 1982—1990.The study area is a carbon source of 1479 t/km~2 and in the past 20 years,from the 1980s until 2005.the practical carbon emission from the soil was 0.12 Gt.Temperature,which has been found to be linearly correlated to soil organic carbon,is the dominant climatologic factor controlling soil organic carbon contents.Our study shows that in the relevant area and time period the potential loss of soil organic carbon caused by rising temperatures was 0.10 Gt,the potential soil carbon emission resulting from land-use change was 0.09 Gt,and the combined potential loss of soil carbon(0.19 Gt) caused by warming and land-use change is comparable to that of fossil fuel combustion(0.21 Gt).Due to the time delay in soil carbon pool variation,there is still 0.07 Gt in the potential emission caused by warming and land-use change that will be gradually released in the future.  相似文献   

A Forest Commons Revival in Slovenia     

Nevenka Bogataj 《社会与自然资源》2014,27(8):867-881

Forest commons in Slovenia are a poorly known indigenous institution for common resource management. They are a functional entity linked to a specific community that establishes interpersonal and intergenerational ties, as well as a link to the resource. We refer to shared ownership of resource, once made of pastures; today forests prevail. Collective property management remained despite community changes and legislation development. Today registered forest commons represent approximately one-third of those that existed before 1945. We highlight seven developmental turns to explain their revival. Six indicators are used in the analysis of current conditions. Forest commons are a potentially effective response to forest management challenges in Slovenia but also a potential model of social cohesion, rational resource use, and a balance between forest use and conservation. However, they are plagued by state ignorance, which hinders statistically sound analyses.  相似文献   

Importance of soil moisture and N availability to larch growth and distribution in the Arctic taiga-tundra boundary ecosystem,northeastern Siberia     

《Polar Science》2014,8(4):327-341

  相似文献   

北方一次暖区大暴雨强降水成因探讨   总被引：19，自引：11，他引：8  

徐珺  杨舒楠  孙军  张芳华  谌芸 《气象》2014,40(12):1455-1463

2012年7月7日黄淮出现一次典型暖区大暴雨过程,降水持续时间长、强度大和强降水范围集中,中尺度特征明显。本文通过常规和非常规观测、NCEP分析资料对该次黄淮暖切变线引发的豫东北、鲁南和苏北等地大暴雨天气过程的成因进行探讨,结果表明:整层高湿环境有利于降低暖区暴雨对抬升条件的要求、提高降水效率和局地不断产生中尺度对流系统;低层垂直风切变和超低空急流在对流触发和维持中可能有重要作用;次天气及以下尺度的抬升条件,如地面辐合线、925和850 hPa切变和低空急流出口区的风速辐合等均可导致强降水,降水落区一般位于低层多层风速辐合的叠置区;暖区暴雨的雷达回波具有明显的后向传播、列车效应和热带降水型特点。  相似文献   

Warm‐temperate,marine, carbonate sedimentation in an Early Miocene,tide‐influenced,incised valley; Provence,south‐east France     

Noel P. James  Margaret J. Seibel  Robert W. Dalrymple  David Besson  Olivier Parize 《Sedimentology》2014,61(2):497-534

The Saumane‐Venasque compound palaeovalley succession accumulated in a strongly tide‐influenced embayment or estuary. Warm‐temperate normal marine to brackish conditions led to deposition of extensive cross‐bedded biofragmental calcarenites. Echinoids, bryozoans, coralline algae, barnacles and benthic foraminifera were produced in seagrass meadows, on rocky substrates colonized by macroalgae and within subaqueous dune fields. There are two sequences, S1 and S2, the first of which contains three high‐frequency sequences (S1a, S1b and S1c). Sequence 1 is largely confined to the palaeovalley with its upper part covering interfluves. Each of these has a similar upward succession of deposits that includes: (i) a basal erosional surface that is bored and glauconitized; (ii) a discontinuous lagoonal lime mudstone or wackestone; (iii) a thin conglomerate generated by tidal ravinement; (iv) a transgressive systems tract series of cross‐bedded calcarenites; (v) a maximum flooding interval of argillaceous, muddy quartzose, open‐marine limestones; and (vi) a thin highstand systems tract of fine‐grained calcarenite. Tidal currents during stages S1a, S1b and S1c were accentuated by the constricted valley topography, whereas basin‐scale factors enhanced tidal currents during the deposition of S2. The upper part of the succession in all but S1c has been removed by later erosion. There is an overall upward temporal change with quartz, barnacles, encrusting corallines and epifaunal echinoids decreasing but bryozoans, articulated corallines and infaunal echinoids increasing. This trend is interpreted to be the result of changing oceanographic conditions as the valley was filled, bathymetric relief was reduced, rocky substrates were replaced as carbonate factories by seagrass meadows and subaqueous dunes, and the setting became progressively less confined and more open marine. These limestones are characteristic of a suite of similar cool‐water calcareous sand bodies in environments with little siliciclastic or fresh water input during times of high‐amplitude sea‐level change wherein complex inboard antecedent topography was flooded by a rising ocean.  相似文献   

松嫩平原耕层土壤固碳潜力估算   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

刘国栋 李瑛张立  崔玉军杨柯 刘应汉 《中国地质》2014,41(2):658-664

提高土壤碳收集能力对减缓全球温室效应具有重要意义。利用松嫩平原南部第二次土壤普查及多目标区域地球化学调查获取的两期表层土壤有机碳数据,根据近20年来各土壤类型不同土地利用方式土壤有机碳量变化趋势,估算了松嫩平原南部各土壤类型、各用地方式下土壤碳源、汇潜力。由估算得出,如果目前的土地利用方式、气候条件、耕作方式、种植技术不变,松嫩平原耕地土壤0~20 cm土层的固碳潜力为-1.229Tg碳,各土壤类型的林地土壤固碳潜力绝大多数为正值,说明林业用地为碳汇区,固碳潜力合计为3.169Tg碳,而天然牧草地绝大多数的固碳潜力为负值,固碳潜力合计为-2.235Tg碳,为碳源区,本次研究估算得出,松嫩平原总体的固碳潜力为-0.917Tg碳。  相似文献   

过去2000年全球典型暖期特征与机制的模拟研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王志远  刘健 《第四纪研究》2014,34(6)

本文利用美国国家大气研究中心(NCAR)的通用地球系统模式(Community Earth System Model,简称CESM)的低分辨率版本(CESM1.0.3,T31_g37)在国际国内率先进行了多组过去2000年瞬变积分模拟试验,在与历史重建资料和观测资料进行对比验证的基础上,对过去2000年中的典型暖期(中世纪暖期与现代暖期)的特征和成因机制进行了初步探讨,结果表明:中世纪暖期太阳辐射加强是导致其“暖化”的主要原因之一,而温室气体浓度的激增是现代全球变暖的最主要原因;在中世纪暖期,自然因子(包括太阳辐射和火山活动)对降水量的影响之和比温室气体的影响高一个数量级;而在现代暖期,温室气体对降水量的影响比自然因子(包括太阳辐射和火山活动)对降水量的影响之和高一个数量级;在不同外强迫条件下的海表温度变化在热带太平洋区域截然不同,即自然因子影响下为类-拉尼娜态,而温室气体影响下为类-厄尔尼诺态;无论在中世纪暖期还是现代暖期,相对于1000～1850年的平均情况,沃克(Walker)环流均处于增强状态.  相似文献   

千百年尺度祁连山地区干湿变化对暖期的响应     

周雪如  李育 《地理学报》2022,77(5):1138-1152

全球升温导致区域干湿格局转变,千年尺度中全新世暖期和百年尺度中世纪暖期可以为探究现代的气候趋势提供历史相似型。通过湖相沉积、冰芯、孢粉、树轮等古气候记录和PMIP3/CMIP5计划的古气候模型模拟数据对比分析,结果表明,祁连山地区中全新世暖期（7.2—6.0 ka BP）东亚夏季风强盛,降水较多,气候温暖湿润;中世纪暖期（950—1250 AD）与小冰期表现为暖干—冷湿气候机制。现代观测数据显示,祁连山地区呈现暖湿化,但现代的气候机制与自然因子主导下暖期的响应机制差异较大,表明了人类活动对自然发展下气候环境的影响。因此,自然因素与人类活动共同作用是准确预测研究区未来干湿格局的基础。  相似文献   

华南暖区暴雨中一次飑线的中尺度分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

郭弘  林永辉  周淼  刘黎平 《湖北气象》2014,(2):171-180

利用地面加密观测资料、高空观测资料、多普勒雷达观测和雷达风场反演资料等,分析造成2010年5月6—7日华南暴雨中一次飑线的演变过程及三维结构特征。结果表明:(1)此次飑线过程发生于200 hPa高空辐散区、500 hPa高空槽后、地面准静止锋锋前暖区内,850 hPa飑线北侧为切变线,东南侧存在低空急流,中低层为中等强度垂直风切变。(2)该飑线系统初始对流单体由西风受广西大瑶山脉地形阻挡而触发。发展过程中两广交界处不断生成新单体,东移发展并入对流带,单体发展及对流带的形成与地面中尺度辐合线关系密切。(3)该飑线在形成过程中存在对流带与对流单体的锢囚过程,锢囚过程中地面辐合线及中层中气旋起组织作用,至盛期对流带东段出现弓形回波结构。强降水拖曳、雨滴蒸发冷却增强下沉气流及中层冷空气入流,造成地面冷池及后部辐散出流,促进弓形回波发展。(4)成熟期飑线系统包含弓形回波、冷池及不明显的层状云区,三维结构特征与经典飑线类似,但无涡旋对,雷暴高压也不明显。  相似文献   

国产单极化SAR数据在锰渣尾矿库自动化识别中的应用     

熊文成  肖如林  申文明  付卓  史园莉 《国土资源遥感》2014,(4)

为了挖掘国产单极化SAR数据在自动化识别尾矿库中的作用,辅助光学数据以提高锰渣尾矿库的识别精度,针对锰渣尾矿库及其在光学遥感图像中容易混淆的目标,从定性的角度分析了二者的散射特性以及在SAR图像中的差异特点;并开展锰渣尾矿库自动化识别研究;利用面向对象的方法对光学遥感图像进行分割;选取典型锰渣尾矿库及其易混淆目标,进行纹理特性计算。实验结果表明:可以通过纹理特征有效地建立锰渣尾矿库在雷达图像中的识别规则,为实现光学遥感数据和雷达数据相结合的计算机自动识别锰渣尾矿库提供基础。  相似文献