一次积层混合云降水过程增雨条件分析     

翟菁  黄勇  胡雯  蒋年冲  陈晓红  曾光平 《气象》2010,36(11):59-67

基于中尺度数值模式MM5,新一代天气雷达、静止气象卫星和雨量等观测资料,对安徽省秋季旱期一次降水过程的增雨条件进行了分析。首先,模式预报的云降水结构与实况在总降水量及分布、云系回波特征、移动趋势方面基本一致,模式产品具有一定可信度,对云降水结构的分析表明,云中含有一定过冷云水且配合有上升气流的存在,这是有利的增雨条件。在此基础上,基于MM5模式结果计算了冰面过饱和度,散度差,K指数和850 hPa水汽含量,并由此得到综合增雨潜力指标,将指标与云结构、降水和卫星雷达资料进行对比,结果表明这些指标揭示了云系中有利于增雨作业的动力、热力、微物理条件,对云系发展和降水过程有良好指示意义,与雷达卫星的观测结果较一致。最后,卫星反演产品、雷达回波以及雷达反演产品如垂直积分液态水含量、回波顶高等特征与模式描述的云系结构特征一致,可判断作业的具体位置和时间,数值模式产品与观测资料结合为人工增雨作业提供了及时精确的指导。  相似文献   

长三角地区11月大雾频次变化的天气气候背景   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

余庆平  孙照渤 《南京气象学院学报》2010,33(2):205-211

采用1977—2006年长三角地区5个国家气候一级站的1日4次地面气象观测资料以及NCEP/NCAR相关资料,初步分析了该地区11月区域雾频次变化的天气气候背景。结果表明,长三角11月区域雾少发（多发）时,500hPa高空为较强的西北风（平直的西风）,850hPa上为强西北风（弱西北、东北风）,低层925hPa上偏北风分量较大且相对湿度较小（偏北风减小并出现偏东风分量且相对湿度较大）,海平面气压场上长三角受强冷高压控制（位于弱高压底前部均压区内）。  相似文献   

Role of Black Carbon-Induced Changes in Snow Albedo in Predictions of Temperature and Precipitation during a Snowstorm   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

ZHANG Ying  LIAO Hong  ZHU Ke-Feng  YIN Yan 《大气和海洋科学快报》2009,2(4):230-236

In this study the authors apply the chemistry version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model （WRF-Chem） to examine the impacts of black carbon （BC）-induced changes in snow albedo on simulated temperature and precipitation during the severe snowstorm that occurred in southern China during 0800 26 January to 0800 29 January 2008 （Note that all times are local time except when otherwise stated）. Black carbon aerosol was simulated online within the WRF-Chem. The model resuits showed that surface-albedo, averaged over 27-28 January, can be reduced by up to 10% by the deposition of BC. As a result, relative to a simulation that does not consider deposition of BC on snow/ice, the authors predicted surface air temperatures during 27-28 January can differ by -1.95 to 2.70 K, and the authors predicted accumulated precipitation over 27-28 January can differ by -2.91 to 3.10 mm over Areas A and B with large BC deposition. Different signs of changes are determined by the feedback of clouds and by the availability of water vapor in the atmosphere.  相似文献   

Advances in weather modification from 1997 to 2007 in China     

郭学良  郑国光 《大气科学进展》2009,26(2):240-252

Rapid and significant advances in issues relevant to weather modification have been made in the last decade in China due to high water resource stresses and severe weather hazards induced by climate change. This paper reported some progress in aspects of theoretical modeling, field experiment and cloud-seeding tools, as well as research projects regarding weather modification during the ten years from 1997 to 2007. More advanced theoretical models such as cloud models with bin-microphysics and glaciogenic and hygroscopic seeding processes, and mesoscale cloud-resolving models with AgI-seeding processes have been developed to study seeding-induced changes of cloud structure and precipitation as well as to understand critical issues in association with weather modification. More advanced cloud-seeding tools such as mobile ground-based launching system of AgI-rockets and aircraft-based AgI-flares have been developed and used in operation. Several important projects aimed at exploring weather modification techniques and their applications have been conducted during this period.  相似文献   

Contribution of realistic soil moisture initial conditions to boreal summer climate predictability     

S. Conil  H. Douville  S. Tyteca 《Climate Dynamics》2009,32(1):75-93

Seasonal climate forecasts mainly rely on the atmospheric sensitivity to its lower boundary conditions and on their own predictability. Besides sea surface temperature (SST), soil moisture (SM) may be an additional source of climate predictability particularly during boreal summer in the mid-latitudes. In this work, we investigate the role of SM initial conditions on near-surface climate predictability during ten boreal summer seasons using three complementary ensembles of AMIP-type simulations performed with the Arpège-Climat atmospheric general circulation model. First we have conducted an assessment of the SM predictability itself through a comparison of simple empirical SM models with Arpège-Climat. The statistical and dynamical models reveal similar SM prediction skill patterns but the Arpège-Climat reaches higher scores suggesting that it is at least suitable to explore the influence of SM initialization on atmospheric predictability. Then we evaluate the relationships between SM predictability and some near surface atmospheric predictability. While SM initialization obviously improves the predictability of land surface evaporation, it has no systematic influence on the precipitation and near surface temperature skills. Nevertheless, the summer hindcast skill is clearly improved during specific years and over certain regions (mainly north America and eastern Europe in the Arpège-Climat model), when and where the SM forcing is sufficiently widespread and strong. In this case, a significant impact is also found on the occurrence of heat waves and heavy rains, whose predictability at the seasonal timescale is a crucial challenge for years to come.  相似文献   

北京夏季空气质量的气象指数预报   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

杨元琴  王继志  侯青  王亚强 《应用气象学报》2009,20(6):649-655

该文提出一种参数化预报方法,制作北京及其周边地区夏季空气质量气象条件指数预报。采用2000-2007年7-9月北京市观象台大气成分 (PM₁₀) 逐日观测资料和华北区域气象站网加密地面观测及探空信息,分析北京地区夏季奥运会历史同期与高污染过程 (PM₁₀浓度>150μg/m3) 关系密切的敏感气象要素和变量。引入适应度函数分级方法,计算北京周边不同观测站可能形成污染向北京输送的权重,建立北京夏季空气质量气象条件参数PLAM (parameters linking air-quality and meteorology) 预报模型。PLAM指数给出北京局地污染气象条件的客观定量诊断和预测,并可指示周边地区有利 (或不利) 于污染向北京输送的强度和方位。夏季“静稳型”气象条件参数化PLAM方法为北京奥运气象保障任务实时提供预报产品,分别用PM₁₀及可吸入颗粒物指数 (API) 对2008年7-8月PLAM逐日预报进行检验,相关系数达到0.001显著性水平。  相似文献   

新一代多普勒天气雷达CINRAD/CD谱宽资料分析应用初探     

王芬  李腹广  李腹玉  张辉 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2009,3(2):51-54

主要概述了多普勒天气雷达CINRAD/CD谱宽资料的物理意义、影响因素,并分析了在实际业务工作中谱宽与速度的关系.在理论分析的基础上,从气象因素、非气象因素、其它因素3个方面着重分析了影响谱宽大小的因素,并从风切变、湍流、粒子下落速度、波束宽度的横向风效应4个方面来分析谱宽与速度两者之间关系.指出风切变区除了可通过径向速度场来确定外,也可通过谱宽的大值区来确定,给出了针对不同降水类型的速度谱方差范围,以及雹云不同区域的湍能耗散率ε大小与实际降雹强度关系.另外运用谱宽数据可以对径向速度数据的可靠性进行检验,高谱宽值表明速度没有代表性.  相似文献   

运城市低温大雪冰冻过程成因分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

魏海茹  盖晓东  李冬梅 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2009,3(3):35-38

针对2008年1月中下旬运城市出现近50a来罕见的低温大雪冰冻天气过程的环流背景、影响系统、旬平均场等因素进行详细分析,结果表明：高纬度环流经向度大,南支槽活跃,副高偏北、偏强是造成持续低温冰冻的主要原因;而高空回暖、地面回流以及西南急流加强是造成运城强降雪的重要因素。  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地南缘不同区域棉花气候条件对比分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

程相儒  李彦斌  谢向阳 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2009,3(5):44-46

兵团农六师棉花种植区域东西跨度大,气候条件存在较大的差异,对本地区棉花生产有一定的影响。东线、中线、西线3个植棉区域以222团、102团和新湖农场为代表,分别对不同区域的气象条件的差异进行分析,评述了不同区域影响棉花生产的主要气象要素,以利于探索不同气候条件下的高产栽培流程和拟定减少气象灾害损失的对策,为今后兵团农六师棉花生产的决策服务提供较科学的依据。  相似文献   

相似路径热带气旋“海棠”(0505)和“碧利斯”(0604)暴雨对比分析   总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9  

余贞寿  陈敏  叶子祥  陈宣淼  庄千宝 《热带气象学报》2009,25(1):37-47

一般认为相似路径台风的影响大致相似,但实际上相似路径台风的风雨分布尤其是暴雨分布往往有很大差异,因此,对相似路径热带气旋“海棠”(0505)和“碧利斯”(0604)暴雨成因的对比分析有助于加强台风暴雨发生机制的认识和预报。“海棠”(0505)和“碧利斯”(0604)逐日降水分布对比分析表明,两者登陆前降水分布类似,而登陆后降水分布差异比较大。利用NCEP/GFS 1 °×1 °分析资料对热带气旋登陆前后天气形势、水汽通量和水汽通量散度进行诊断分析,结果表明：“海棠”(0505)和“碧利斯”(0604)登陆前引起浙闽沿海地区大降水主要是热带气旋外围偏东气流和地形共同影响下形成。“海棠”登陆后,维持在浙江东部沿海东南风急流不断输送水汽到“海棠”倒槽内引起浙东南沿海强降水,深入内陆后,降水主要由“海棠”自身环流携带的水汽辐合引起的,降水比沿海地区明显减弱;而“碧利斯”登陆后,有明显的南海季风环流输送水汽并入热带气旋南侧环流,在其南侧形成偏南风急流,使南侧水汽输送得到明显加强,造成“碧利斯”南侧水汽通量辐合,北侧水汽通量辐散,南侧降水比北侧降水强很多;深入内陆后,“碧利斯”环流仍维持并引导北方槽后弱冷空气渗透到其西南侧,使南侧降水进一步增幅。本文还探讨了包括热带气旋外核在内区域平均垂直风切变和热带气旋强降水落区的关系,结果表明：“海棠”和“碧丽斯”大暴雨落区均对应于暴雨区区域平均垂直风切矢量左侧水汽通量散度负值区。“海棠”垂直风切变矢量平行于移动路径并指向移动路径后方是造成“海棠”强降水分布在其移动路径右侧的重要原因,“碧利斯”垂直风切变矢量平行于移动路径并指向移动路径前方是造成“碧利斯”强降水分布在其移动路径左侧的重要原因。因此,利用垂直风切结合水汽输送条件可以作热带气旋大暴雨落区预报可能是一种比较有效的方法。  相似文献