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1.
《湖北气象》2015,(4)
中国气象局气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室的毫米波雷达未对其观测的弱降水数据进行定量对比研究,为此通过分析2013年在广东三水使用毫米波雷达观测的速度数据,确定该雷达观测速度数据的可靠性。在研究了雷达在一定有效高度上的观测量和地面雨滴谱计算量的联系和差别基础上,提出了利用雨滴谱反演雷达观测径向速度和速度谱宽,来对比毫米波雷达在一定有效观测高度处探测降水粒子速度数据的方法,分析毫米波雷达观测速度数据差异的来源,并且对速度数据进行分析,确定速度数据的质量。结果表明:径向速度受空气的上升速度影响使得两者数值有一定差异,但变化趋势却十分接近,由空气上升速度导致的平均差别为0.89 m·s-1;速度谱宽两者演变趋势和变化范围均非常接近,速度谱宽平均差别为0.15 m·s-1。 相似文献
2.
一次弱对流天气降雹成灾的雷达回波特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对新疆玛河流域一次冰雹天气雷达资料及地面实况资料的分析,研究弱对流云降雹的雷达反射率因子与径向速度场的回波特征,进一步探讨弱对流云降雹与0℃层高度较低及垂直风切变的关系：弱对流天气当日零度层高度值可作为分析弱冰雹云的依据;高低空风速的差异形成的风切变造成的动压力产生垂直加速度,使对流运动得到加强和维持,也是此次降雹的动力机制。分析此次天气,揭示了新疆玛河流域弱对流云降雹天气过程生消的一些重要特征和变化,对雹云的识别和分析具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
3.
随着对多普勒天气雷达获取的回波信息(包括回波强度、径向速度和谱宽信息)与有关天气现象之间关系认识的不断深入,人们需要对上述信息进一步加工、计算和处理,使之更加符合气象业务工作的要求,而计算机技术的迅猛发展使这种需求成为可能。应用多普勒雷达探测到的基本回波强度、径向速度和谱宽数据,经过加工处理、坐标变换和计算生成与气象有关的物理量后而产生的数据或图像称为产品。本文是基于Supermap的雷达基本产品显示,包括回波强度、径向速度和谱宽。设计中利用已经获得的雷达基数据,在了解基数据格式的条件下,通过Visual C++6.0平台将雷达站址段、性能参数段、观测参数段及数据段数据读出并配以坐标,根据反射率、径向速度和谱宽的特点,分别利用不同的颜色标识基本产品所反映的不同物理参数,利用Supermap软件实现雷达基本产品的显示,同时显示基本产品的相关参数和显示要素并实现产品图的放大、缩小以及漫游。通过Supermap软件处理的图像精确度高、图形逼真、成图时间短,实现了图形数据共享,方便图形数据存储、保管和使用,大大提高了产品的实用性和使用效率。 相似文献
4.
基于多普勒天气雷达的低空多普勒速度的切变识别算法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
低空风切变是影响航空器起飞和着陆安全的重要因素,利用多普勒天气雷达径向速度数据,从风的空间和时间变化上对低空风切变的识别进行了研究,并利用一次飑线过程和一次低空急流过程的资料对识别算法进行了验证。识别算法的核心是分别计算二维合成风切变、垂直风切变和时间风切变。在计算二维合成风切变时,先利用风切变强度因子自适应地选择拟合“窗口”的大小,再利用最小二乘线性拟合方法,得到水平风切变。结果表明:自适应多尺度最小二乘法得到的合成风切变,在低空风切变识别效果、切变连续性和边缘数据处理等方面都优于我国多普勒天气雷达的PUP合成风切变;垂直风切变反映了雷达径向速度的高低空配置情况;时间风切变可提供径向速度随时间的变化情况。算法还可应用于民航机场低空风切变的识别和预警。 相似文献
5.
2008年6月10日濮阳冰雹过程的多普勒雷达资料分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用2008年6月10日濮阳冰雹天气过程的新一代天气雷达观测资料,运用基本反射率、风暴相对径向速度、垂直积分液态含水量等产品对冰雹过程进行了分析,结果表明:本次冰雹过程由局地对流单体发展而成,雷达回波尺度不大,但回波强度很大,强中心最大达60-65 dBz.风暴相对径向速度产品图上,大风区、逆风区和正负速度对等出现、发展,预示强风暴的出现.速度场的强弱变化早于回波强度变化,可更早得到风暴的发展信息,从而提前预报出短时强对流等灾害性天气.垂直积分液态含水量在降雹过程中有明显跳跃现象,大值区与冰雹落区有一定的对应关系. 相似文献
6.
张磊 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2013,7(4):26-30
应用阿克苏CINRAD/CC型多普勒雷达产品,对2009年7月27日发生在乌什县的强冰雹天气过程进行分析,得出以下结论：（1）本次强冰雹天气发生、发展的主要机制是受中低层切变线和辐合线的共同影响;（2）雹云内存在较强的气流辐合和垂直风切变,径向速度图上有逆风区、辐合区等中尺度强降水特征出现;（3）强雹云的反射率因子可达60 dBz以上,在VCS剖面中前悬回波、回波墙、穹窿等雹云的特征回波明显;（4）VIL、VWP产品变化能够很好地指示云体发展情况,是判别降雹潜势的指标。 相似文献
7.
基于模糊逻辑的分步式超折射地物回波识别方法的建立和效果分析 总被引：19，自引：6，他引：19
超折射地物是影响雷达定量探测降水和其他产品的重要因素,文中使用合肥、广州、温州、天津的SA多普勒雷达和上海的WSR-88D资料分析了混合性暴雨降水、对流性降水、地物回波的回波强度、径向速度、速度谱宽的取值范围、水平垂直变化及其地物回波与地形海拔高度的关系等特征,并确定了模糊逻辑识别超折射地物的隶属函数。在Kessinger方法基础上,考虑到雷达径向速度的距离模糊问题和地物回波与方位的关系,提出了基于模糊逻辑的分步式地物回波识别方法,通过调整已被严格标准识别为地物和非地物的邻近区域回波点的判据,来减小地物的漏判和降水回波的误判。利用降水回波、地物回波的个例资料分析了回波强度、径向速度和速度谱宽资料在识别地物回波中的贡献,分析了分步方法对地物回波识别效果的改善。结果表明:该方法能较好识别地物回波和降水回波,径向速度和速度谱宽资料在地物识别中作用明显,利用分步方法明显改善了在速度模糊区暴雨过程对流云团被误判为地物的概率。 相似文献
8.
该文研究了利用多普勒雷达径向速度资料识别低空风切变和辐合线的方法, 讨论了不同的计算“窗口”大小对资料预处理效果和梯度计算的影响, 并对几次强对流天气进行识别、分析。结果表明:预处理采取先中值滤波后滑动平均, 选择合适的“窗口”能在有效去除库间脉动的同时保持中尺度信息; 经过资料预处理后, 从径向速度计算的切变结果与径向速度中反映的中尺度结构比较一致, 能够从这些资料中自动提取辐合和切变的中尺度信息; 强降水回波与风切变高值区位置、变化趋势一致; 垂直切变能够提供径向风场的高低层配置信息; 利用径向速度资料可以实现对风切变和辐合线的自动识别, 为灾害性天气预警、预报提供重要的客观依据。 相似文献
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10.
使用自己设计的筛式雹谱仪配合冰雹照象获得了13个冰雹过程的时、空观测资料。通过与711雷达回波的对照分析,得出高原雹谱的单调下降、双峰、均谱三种类型及参量,这里雹块的平均浓度为1.1个/米~3,作为雹块的第一生长层典型霰谱的平均浓度为48.5个/米~3,霰浓度比雹浓度大1—2个量级;单站谱的时间演变一般保持某种类型的特征,各雹径浓度的演变趋势基本上一致;谱宽浓度的空间分布存在多中心,两者的中心位置相重合,同时刻不同地点的谱型不都是同一种类型;谱宽10毫米等值线所包括的范围大致与20分贝回波包络区相吻合。 相似文献
11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
12.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
13.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
14.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
15.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
16.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
17.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
18.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
19.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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