沙漠地区春季近地层气象要素分布规律的观测研究   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  

程穆宁  牛生杰 《中国沙漠》2008,28(5):955-961

利用2005年1月至2006年4月朱日和地区20 m气象塔的风向、风速、气温、相对湿度的观测资料,分析沙漠地区春季近地层气象要素的分布规律。结果表明: 春季温度回升,风速最大,相对湿度最小,利于起沙,故沙尘天气频繁。风速满足幂指数率分布规律,并且幂指数m能够很好的反映出风速梯度的变化情况;在沙尘暴、扬沙、背景、浮尘的天气条件下,春季近地面层风速梯度依次增大,湍流动量、热量交换系数依次减小;风向以西南为主。浮尘、扬沙天气各气层平均增温率分别大于或小于同时段的背景大气;沙尘暴期间温度下降,平均降温率为0.61 ℃\5h-1。春季相对湿度的平均递减率(递增率)与平均增温率(降温率)的大小正相关。浮尘天气相对湿度的平均递减率大于同时段的背景大气;扬沙天气相对湿度的平均递减率小于同时段的背景大气;沙尘暴天气相对湿度增大,平均增大率为2.80%\5h-1。  相似文献   

气候检测与归因的格兰杰检验法     

曹鸿兴 郑艳虞海燕  蔡秀华 《气候变化研究进展》2008,4(01):37-41

为揭示气候变化并探索其可能原因,引入了格兰杰因果检验法。在叙述其基本原理的基础上,对影响中国气温变化的若干因子进行了检验。论证了通过检验的因子与中国气温变化的可能物理联系,着重说明了二氧化碳增加对中国气温变化的影响,解释了我国增温滞后于全球气温变化的原因。由此证实格兰杰因果检验法是气候变化检测与归因的一种有用的新方法。通过计算和分析,证实了格兰杰检验法的可用性。  相似文献   

Regionality of deep low-frequency earthquakes associated with subduction of the Philippine Sea plate along the Nankai Trough, southwest Japan     

Shoichi Yoshioka  Mamiko Toda  Junichi Nakajima 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2008,272(1-2):189-198

The Fukuoka District Meteorological Observatory recently logged three possible deep low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs) beneath eastern Kyushu, Japan, a region in which LFEs and low-frequency tremors have never before been identified. To assess these data, we analyzed band-pass filtered velocity seismograms and relocated LFEs and regular earthquakes using the double-difference method. The results strongly suggest that the three events were authentic LFEs, each at a depth of about 50 km. We also performed relocation analysis on LFEs recorded beneath the Kii Peninsula and found that these LFEs occurred near the northwest-dipping plate interface at depths of approximately 29–38 km. These results indicate that LFEs in southwest Japan occur near the upper surface of the subducting Philippine Sea (PHS) plate. To investigate the origin of regional differences in the occurrence frequency of LFEs in western Shikoku, the Kii Peninsula, and eastern Kyushu, we calculated temperature distributions associated with PHS plate subduction. Then, using the calculated thermal structures and a phase diagram of water dehydration for oceanic basalt, the water dehydration rate (wt.%/km), which was newly defined in this study, was determined to be 0.19, 0.12, and 0.08 in western Shikoku, the Kii Peninsula, and eastern Kyushu, respectively; that is, the region beneath eastern Kyushu has the lowest water dehydration rate value. Considering that the Kyushu–Palau Ridge that is subducting beneath eastern Kyushu is composed of tonalite, which is low in hydrous minerals, this finding suggests that the regionality may be related to the amount of water dehydration associated with subduction of the PHS plate and/or differences in LFE depths. Notable dehydration reactions take place beneath western Shikoku and the Kii Peninsula, where the depth ranges for dehydration estimated by thermal modeling agree well with those for the relocated LFEs. The temperature range in which LFEs occur in these regions is estimated to be 400–500 °C.  相似文献   

行星际激波的传播及其相应的地磁效应          下载免费PDF全文

苏振鹏  熊明  郑惠南  王水 《地球物理学报》2009,52(3):591-598

基于 2.5 维理想磁流体力学（Magnetohydrodynamic,MHD）方程组分析了行星际激波在日球层子午面内的传播过程及其相应的地磁效应.日球层电流片（Heliospheric Current Sheet,HCS）-日球层等离子体片（Heliospheric Plasma Sheet,HPS）对于行星际激波的传播具有一定的阻碍作用.当行星际激波相对于HCS 倾斜传播时,相对于扰动源位于HCS 异侧的激波强度较同侧的明显减弱.局地激波面的法线（或形状）对通过激波阵面的磁力线发生偏转的程度和方向起决定性作用.沿激波传播方向其为准平行激波,磁场偏转程度较小,而其两侧部分则为斜激波,磁场偏转程度较大.位于HCS-HPS 位置处的波前形成凹槽,磁力线偏转程度明显加强.行星际激波对磁场的偏转效应是其驱动地磁暴的重要机制,而且地磁效应的强度与地球相对于HCS 的角距离Δθ_p有明显关系.数值模拟结果表明：任何行星际激波,Δθ_p=0°处均无法形成较大强度的地磁效应;沿HCS 传播的行星际激波,地磁效应最强的区域位于HCS 两侧;相对于HCS 倾斜传播的行星际激波,地磁效应最强的区域位于HCS 异侧.  相似文献   

龙滩水库地震精定位及活动特征研究   总被引：18，自引：6，他引：12       下载免费PDF全文

陈翰林  赵翠萍  修济刚  陈章立 《地球物理学报》2009,52(8):2035-2043

本文利用结合了波形互相关技术的双差定位法对龙滩库区2006年至2007年发生的地震进行了精确定位,并对其活动特征进行了分析.通过定位结果的比较,证明利用波形互相关技术提取的地震对的P、S波走时差数据及双差精定位法显著地提高了定位的精度和质量.对龙滩库区地震活动特征的研究结果表明,龙滩库区的地震活动与水库蓄水过程密切相关,成丛分布的地震活动分别表现出对水库蓄水过程不同的响应过程和活动特征,反应了龙滩库区在岩性特征、渗透条件、地质构造及应力场等方面存在局部性差异.  相似文献   

武山1号泉流量、O_2+Ar、N_2、He的异常变化分析          下载免费PDF全文

杨兴悦  王益  王燕  廖祯祥  李树全  朱振家 《地震工程学报》2008,30(1):75-78

对武山台1号泉气体资料显示,在1997-1999、2003年流量有几次明显的突变,同时气体组分O2 Ar、N2、He百分含量与流量呈完全同步变化.本文分析了造成流量突变的原因,认为流量大幅度变化不是自然动态的.同时用试验方法验证了影响气体组分O2 Ar、N2、He百分含量变化的主要因素是流量、冲流时间和空气混入了泉水,并分析了它们之间的相互关系及变化特点.  相似文献   

软土层厚度对地铁车站结构地震反应的影响规律研究     

庄海洋  陈国兴  王修信 《地震工程与工程振动》2008,28(6)

为了明确软土层厚度对地铁车站结构地震反应的影响规律,本文中对常见的两层三跨岛式地铁车站结构侧向和底部地基中存在不同厚度软土层时9种软场地条件下地铁车站结构的地震反应进行了数值模拟分析。由本文和作者之前对软土层埋深影响地铁车站结构地震反应的共同研究结果来看：软土层位于地铁车站结构侧向地基时对地铁车站结构的抗震是非常不利的,尤其是软土层位于地铁车站结构侧向地基底部时最为不利,而当软土层位于地铁车站结构底部地基中时对其抗震性能一般是有利的,起到消能减震的作用;当软土层位于地铁车站结构侧向地基顶部时,随着软土层厚度的变大,对地铁车站结构抗震性能的影响越是不利且影响程度越大,而当软土层位于地铁车站结构侧向地基底部和底部地基中时,软土层厚度的变化对地铁车站结构抗震性能的影响规律并不具有很好的一致性。  相似文献   

广东地震台站前兆观测系统防雷综合方法   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

黄晖  柴剑勇  黎珠博  谢佐骖  严兴 《华南地震》2008,28(1):108-113

雷击是地震前兆观测系统的主要危害,根据“九五”、“十五”期间在建设地震前兆观测系统时的防雷实践,介绍了有关防雷的综合方法,该方法在原有防雷方法的基础上进行了某些创新,实践表明,该综合方法对雷击尤其是感应雷起到了良好的防护效果。  相似文献   

Improving NWP through radar rainfall-driven land surface parameters: A case study on convective precipitation forecasting     

Anastasios Papadopoulos  Efthymios Serpetzoglou  Emmanouil Anagnostou 《Advances in water resources》2008

In this study we investigate the effect of forcing the land surface scheme of an atmospheric mesoscale model with radar rainfall data instead of the model-generated rainfall fields. The goal is to provide improved surface conditions for the atmospheric model in order to achieve accurate simulations of the mesoscale circulations that can significantly affect the timing, distribution and intensity of convective precipitation. The performance of the approach is evaluated in a set of numerical experiments on the basis of a 2-day-long mesoscale convective system that occurred over the US Great Plains in July 2004. The experimental design includes multiple runs covering a variety of forcing periods. Continuous data integration was initially used to investigate the sensitivity of the model’s performance in varying soil state conditions, while shorter time windows prior to the storm event were utilized to assess the effectiveness of the procedure for improving convective precipitation forecasting. Results indicate that continuous integration of radar rainfall data brings the simulated precipitation fields closer to the observed ones, as compared to the control simulation. The precipitation forecasts (up to 48 h) appear improved also in the cases of shorter integration periods (24 and 36 h), making this technique potentially useful for operational settings of weather forecasting systems. A physical interpretation of the results is provided on the basis of surface moisture and energy exchange.  相似文献   

Accurate Location of Synthetic Acoustic Emissions and Location Sensitivity to Relocation Methods, Velocity Perturbations, and Seismic Anisotropy   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

G. A. Jones  S. E. J. Nippress  A. Rietbrock  J. M. Reyes-Montes 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2008,165(2):235-254

Acoustic emission (AE) monitoring is a non-invasive method of monitoring fracturing both in situ, and in experimental rock deformation studies. Until recently, the major impediment for imaging brittle failure within a rock mass is the accuracy at which the hypocenters may be located. However, recent advances in the location of regional scale earthquakes have successfully reduced hypocentral uncertainties by an order of magnitude. The least-squares Geiger, master event relocation, and double difference methods have been considered in a series of synthetic experiments which investigate their ability to resolve AE hypocentral locations. The effect of AE hypocenter location accuracy due to seismic velocity perturbations, uncertainty in the first arrival pick, array geometry and the inversion of a seismically anisotropic structure with an isotropic velocity model were tested. Hypocenters determined using the Geiger procedure for a homogeneous, isotropic sample with a known velocity model gave a RMS error for the hypocenter locations of 2.6 mm; in contrast the double difference method is capable of reducing the location error of these hypocenters by an order of magnitude. We test uncertainties in velocity model of up to ±10% and show that the double difference method can attain the same RMS error as using the standard Geiger procedure with a known velocity model. The double difference method is also capable of precise locations even in a 40% anisotropic velocity structure using an isotropic model for location and attains a RMS mislocation error of 2.6 mm that is comparable to a RMS mislocation error produced with an isotropic known velocity model using the Geiger approach. We test the effect of sensor geometry on location accuracy and find that, even when sensors are missing, the double difference method is capable of a 1.43 mm total RMS mislocation compared to 4.58 mm for the Geiger method. The accuracy of automatic picking algorithms used for AE studies is ±0.5 μs (1 time sample when the sampling rate is 0.2 μs). We investigate how AE locations are effected by the accuracy of first arrival picking by randomly delaying the actual first arrival by up to 5 time samples. We find that even when noise levels are set to 5 time samples the double difference method successfully relocates the synthetic AE.  相似文献