Constraining anthropogenic CH4 emissions in Nanjing and the Yangtze River Delta,China, using atmospheric CO2 and CH4 mixing ratios     

SHEN Shuanghe  YANG Dong  XIAO Wei  LIU Shoudong  Xuhui LEE 《大气科学进展》2014,31(6):1343-1352

Methane （CH4） emissions estimated with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change （IPCC） inventory method at the city and regional scale are subject to large uncertainties.In this study,we determined the CH4：CO2 emissions ratio for both Nanjing and the Yangtze River Delta （YRD）,using the atmospheric CH4 and CO2 concentrations measured at a suburban site in Nanjing in the winter.The atmospheric estimate of the CH4：CO2 emissions ratio was in reasonable agreement with that calculated using the IPCC method for the YRD （within 20％）,but was 200％ greater for the municipality of Nanjing.The most likely reason for the discrepancy is that emissions from unmanaged landfills are omitted from the official statistics on garbage production.  相似文献   

阿荣旗傍河水源地影射计算简化处理简析     

刘丽丛  赵广超  熊海钦 《西部资源》2014,(3):104-105

采用影射法对工作区水资源量进行评价、对水源地进行预测计算时,在误差允许的范围内,对水文地质条件进行概化、简化、近似,以简化计算过程,找到计算公式。  相似文献   

Soil carbon stock and flux in plantation forest and grassland ecosystems in Loess Plateau,China   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Chanjuan Hu  Guohua Liu  Bojie Fu  Liding Chen  Yihe Lyu  Lei Guo 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2014,24(4):423-435

Carbon sequestration occurs when cultivated soils are re-vegetated. In the hilly area of the Loess Plateau, China, black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia) plantation forest and grassland were the two main vegetation types used to mitigate soil and water loss after cultivation abandonment. The purpose of this study was to compare the soil carbon stock and flux of these two types of vegetation which restored for 25 years. The experiment was conducted in Yangjuangou catchment in Yan′an City, Shaanxi Province, China. Two adjacent slopes were chosen for this study. Six sample sites were spaced every 35–45 m from summit to toe slope along the hill slope, and each sample site contained three sampling plots. Soil organic carbon and related physicochemical properties in the surface soil layer(0–10 cm and 10–20 cm) were measured based on soil sampling and laboratory analysis, and the soil carbon dioxide(CO2) emissions and environmental factors were measured in the same sample sites simultaneously. Results indicated that in general, a higher soil carbon stock was found in the black locust plantation forest than that in grassland throughout the hill slope. Meanwhile, significant differences in the soil carbon stock were observed between these two vegetation types in the upper slope at soil depth 0–10 cm and lower slope at soil depth 10–20 cm. The average daily values of the soil CO2 emissions were 1.27 μmol/(m2·s) and 1.39 μmol/(m2·s) for forest and grassland, respectively. The soil carbon flux in forest covered areas was higher in spring and less variation was detected between different seasons, while the highest carbon flux was found in grassland in summer, which was about three times higher than that in autumn and spring. From the carbon sequestration point of view, black locust plantation forest on hill slopes might be better than grassland because of a higher soil carbon stock and lower carbon flux.  相似文献   

Responses of CH4 emissions to nitrogen addition and Spartina alterniflora invasion in Minjiang River estuary,southeast of China     

Xiaojie Mou  Xingtu Liu  Chuan Tong  Zhigao Sun 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2014,24(5):562-574

The nitrogen （N） input and Spartina alterniflora invasion in the tidal marsh of the southeast of China are increasingly serious. To evaluate CH4 emissions in the tidal marsh as affected by the N inputs and S. alterniflora invasion, we measured CH4 emissions from plots with vegetated S. alterniflora and native Cyperus malaccensis, and fertilized with exogenous N at the rate of 0 （NO）, 21 （N1） and 42 （N2） g N/（m2.yr）, respectively, in the Shanyutan marsh in the Minjiang River estuary, the southeast of China. The average CH4 fluxes during the experiment in the C. malaccensis and S. alterniflora plots without N addition were 3.67 mg CHa/（m2.h） and 7.79 mg CH4/（m2-h）, respectively, suggesting that the invasion of S. alterniflora into the Minjiang River estuary stimulated CH4 emission. Exogenous N had positive effects on CH4 fluxes both in native and in invaded tidal marsh. The mean CH4 fluxes of NI and N2 treat- ments increased by 31.05% and 123.50% in the C. malaccensis marsh, and 63.88% and 7.55% in the S. alterniflora marsh, respectively, compared to that of NO treatment. The CH4 fluxes in the two marshes were positively correlated with temperature and pH, and nega- tively correlated with electrical conductivity and redox potential （Eh） at different N addition treatments. While the relationships between CH4 fluxes and environmental variables （especially soil temperature, pH and Eh at different depths） tended to decrease with N additions. Significant temporal variability in CH4 fluxes were observed as the N was gradually added to the native and invaded marshes. In order to better assess the global climatic role of tidal marshes as affected by N addition, much more attention should be paid to the short-term temporal variability in CH4 emission.  相似文献   

JJG自动气象站气象要素计量性能要求合理性探讨   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑亮  李晓红  黄小静 《气象科技》2015,43(2):207-210

针对自动气象站的温度、雨量对应的检定规程,就其相关指标和规定的合理性进行探讨。目的在于让检定规程更加完善、合理。根据相应仪器本身的特性,结合实际工作经验,以分析误差构成进行理论推导,得出温度（地温）,雨量计量性能要求中最大允许误差等不合理的结果,从误差公式中重新确定了温度、雨量的最大允许误差,分别对规程指标的确定提出了修改建议。  相似文献   

青海省格尔木冲洪积扇地下水资源评价及其开发利用价值          下载免费PDF全文

祁泽学  汪生斌  王强民  肖勇  温川 《中国地质》2022,49(3):967-978

【研究目的】格尔木市地处柴达木盆地南缘，是青藏高原上正在崛起的新兴城市，随着各个工业园区的建设及中国最大的钾肥生产基地的建成，地下水资源的重要作用更加凸显，查明其地下水资源量对工矿企业及钾肥生产基地的运行至关重要。【研究方法】基于资料收集、动态长观、钻孔抽水试验等手段，采用补给量总和法以及排泄量总和法结合数值模拟等方法，评价了区域地下水天然资源量及允许开采量。【研究结果】格尔木河冲洪积扇地下水天然资源量为199.8×10⁴ m³/d，允许开采量为100×10⁴ m³/d。【结论】格尔木地区存在百万吨级的地下水源，6座水源（已建/在建/规划）规划开采量达百万吨时，地下水有充足的补给保证，可持续稳定开采。最终提交了B+C级地下水储量100×10⁴ m³/d的百万吨级地下水源。创新点：基于最新一次的地下水详查工作，完善了区域地下水流模型；在设定模型入境水量场景时，采用“丰枯年组合”的方法，充分考验了含水层的调节能力和连枯年持续供水能力，评价的结果可信度高。  相似文献