极地环境监测网的设计及其在南极普里兹湾的应用     

程文芳  朱建钢  吴荣荣  詹德川  陆大海  闫可  郑小罗 《海洋科学》2018,42(2):34-45

为了保护南极和北极的生态系统和环境,中国自20世纪90年代初开始推行和实施了极地环境监测计划,部署了各学科监测传感器阵列;采集了多学科数据,包括海洋、大气、冰冻圈、生物圈等主题;架构了"R/V雪龙号破冰船—极地考察站—国内基地"之间的快速数据传输网络;建立了海洋环境监测系统、太阳能地面空间监测系统、生态环境监测系统等系列监测系统。为了实现长期监测,达到预测和预警目标,本文针对国内外现状,在现有基础上设计了一套中国极地环境长期监测网(Polar Environment monitoring network of China,CPEMN)。该监测网集成各监测系统并在监测指标设计上覆盖我国极地所有常规监测/观测任务,且根据国际科研动态和长期监测规划拓展了预期监测范围。最后本文利用南极普里兹湾进行的破冰导航应用示范验证了CPEMN具有可执行性。  相似文献   

The relationship between the canonical ENSO and the phase transition of the Antarctic oscillation at the quasi-quadrennial timescale     

LIU Changzheng  XUE Feng 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(6):26-34

A correlation analysis is performed to investigate the relationship between El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Antarctic oscillation (AAO) at the quasi-quadrennial (QQ) timescale.It is found that the cold tongue index (CTI) and the AAO index (AAOI) are negatively correlated with about a 7-month lead-time,while they are positively correlated with about a 15-month lag-time.To further explore this relationship,complex empirical orthogonal function analysis is employed in the QQ sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies from 1951 to 2002.The results indicate that,during the ENSO cycle,there exists one kind of global tropical wave of wavenumber 1 (GTW1) propagating eastward.With the traveling of GTW1,the tropical SLP anomaly tends to intrude into the southern mid-latitudes.Accordingly,three strong signals travel synchronously along the circumSouth-Pacific path,and a relatively weak signal extends eastward and poleward over the South Ocean in the Atlantic-Indian Ocean sector.Following the propagation of these signals,the AAO phase tends to be reversed progressively.As a result,there exists an evident lead-lag correlation between CTI and AAOI.It can be concluded that ENSO plays a key role in the phase transition of AAO at the QQ timescale.It is also noticed that this regular relationship is only evident in the canonical ENSO events,for which sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies extend westward from the tropical eastern Pacific.On the other hand,the similar relationships are not found among those atypical ENSO events for which SST anomalies spread eastward from the central Pacific,such as the 1982-1983 ENSO event.  相似文献   

南极陆缘天然气水合物特征及资源前景     

吴庐山  邓希光  梁金强  付少英 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2010,(1)

首先,根据地震反射剖面的似海底反射特征、深海钻探计划(DSDP)和大洋钻探计划(ODP)钻孔沉积物的高甲烷含量、高有机碳含量以及孔隙水盐度、氯离子浓度和硫酸根离子浓度异常等地球物理和地球化学证据推测,南极陆缘有7个潜在的天然气水合物分布区,它们分别为南设得兰陆缘、南极半岛的太平洋陆缘、罗斯海陆缘、威尔克斯地陆缘、普林斯湾陆缘、里瑟-拉森海陆缘和南奥克尼群岛东南陆缘等。其次,从气源条件、沉积条件、热流及温压条件和地质构造条件等对南极陆缘天然气水合物的成藏条件进行了分析,认为该陆缘具备天然气水合物形成和赋存的有利地质条件。最后,对南极陆缘天然气水合物的资源前景进行了探讨,认为其资源量非常可观。  相似文献   

2009年海洋大事记     

《海洋与海岸带开发》2010,(2):92-98

一月 中国南极长城站卫星网络通讯系统建设成功。1月1日,中国南极长城站卫星网络通讯系统建成并投入使用,同时,中国南极中山站的卫星网络通讯系统也即将建成,这将有效解决我国南极两站接通互联网、电话通讯和科考数据实时传输等方面的难题。  相似文献   

惊惧冰盖     

赵建东 《海洋与海岸带开发》2010,(10):66-69

世人皆爱大海,一者由于景色壮美,一者因为胸怀开阔。烟波浩渺,滚滚奔流,朝阳晚霞,彩云飞鸥,红蓝交织,动静相宜,其景真正美不胜收。极目之处,茫茫无际,海天相接,一碧万顷,浮光掠影,相映生辉,令人顿觉豁然开朗。  相似文献   

南极树粉孢属真菌胞外多糖的分离纯化及结构表征     

郭守东  陈荫  徐健  陈艳丽  李红燕  齐晓辉  杨玉品  毛文君 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2010,40(5)

研究南极树粉孢属(Oidiodendron truncatum)真菌所产胞外多糖的理化性质和结构特征。采用阴离子交换柱层析和凝胶柱层析对南极树粉孢属(Oidiodendron truncatum)真菌胞外多糖进行了系统的分离纯化,从中得到4个均一的组分(AFW1,AFW2,AFS1和AFS2),并结合红外、气质及核磁等技术对它们的结构进行了解析。结果表明:AFW1和AFW2为中性多糖,AFS1和AFS2中含有少量的蛋白;AFW1和AFS1是由甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖3种单糖组成的结构复杂的杂多糖;AFW2和AFS2则仅由葡萄糖组成,其中AFW2属线性(-1,6-葡聚糖,而AFS2属于C-3位有分支的α-1,6-葡聚糖。  相似文献   

南极阿曼达湾特别保护区的设立与管理          下载免费PDF全文

王自磐  陈丹红  王佩尔  龙威  庞小平 《海洋开发与管理》2009,26(3):78-84

阿曼达(Amanda)湾位于东南极英格丽特克利斯藤森海岸,距离中山站22千米,是南极帝企鹅的重要栖息地之一,约有帝企鹅9 000～10 100对.该处帝企鹅种群数量从1956年以来显著增加,期间出现两次较大增幅,时间间隔20～30年.由于该栖息地相距拉斯曼丘陵和西福尔特丘陵各国考察站较近,受人类考察观赏活动的干扰与日俱增.文章从本海湾特色环境价值、生态安全以及人文政治等各个角度阐述了设立特别保护区的重要意义,并就核心价值保护等管理目标的确定和管理计划的关键技术措施等方面提出了建议.  相似文献   

A Case study of a snowstorm at the Great Wall Station,Antarctica     

杨清华  张林  薛振和  尹朝晖  邢建勇 《极地研究(英文版)》2010,21(2):137-146

A case of a snowstorm at the Great Wall Station was studied using data of NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) analysis, in situ observations and surface weather charts. The storm occurred on August 29th,2006, and brought high winds and poor horizontal visibility to the region.It was found that the storm occurred under the synoptic situation of a high in the south and a low in the north. A low-level easterly jet from the Antarctic continent significantly decreased the air temperature and humidity.Warm air advection at high level brought sufficient vapor from lower latitudes for the snowstorm to develop.The dynamic factors relating to strong snowfall and even the developmentof a snowstorm were deep cyclonic vorticity at middle and low levels,the configuration of divergence at high level and convergence at low level, and strong verticaluplift. There was an inversion layer in the low-level atmosphere during the later phase of the storm.This vertical structure of cold air at low levels and warm air at high levels may have been important to the longevity of the snowstorm.  相似文献   

GLIMMER Antarctic Ice Sheet Model,an experimental research of moving boundary condition     

唐学远  孙波  张占海  李院生  杨清华 《极地研究(英文版)》2008,19(1):23-35

A 3-D coupled ice sheet model, GLIMMER model is introduced, and an idealized ice sheet experiment under the EISMINT-1 criterion of moving boundary condition is presented. The results of the experiment reveal that for a steady-state ice sheet profile the characteristic curves describe the process of evolution which are accordant with theoretical estimates. By solving the coupled thermodynamics equations of ice sheet, one may find the characteristic curves which derived from the conservation of the mass, energy and momentum to the ice flow profile. At the same time, an agreement, approximate to the GLIMMER case and the confirmed theoretical results, is found. Present study is explorihg work to introduce and discuss the handicaps of EISMINT criterion and GLIMMER, and prospect a few directions of the GLIMMER model.  相似文献   

Spatial variability of soil nutrients in Punta Fort William,Greenwich Island,maritime Antarctic     

Yii Siang Hii  Siti Aisyah Alias  Monica Riofrio  Nadia Ordoniez  Hernain Moreano 《极地研究(英文版)》2013,(4):273-280

This study aims to report baseline soil nutrients, specifically the organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus profile, in soil samples collected from Puntta Fort William on Greenwich Island in maritime Antarctic. Samples were collected along two transect lines during the early summer of 2008. Ward＇s method of hierarchical agglomerative clustering was employed to group the sampling points based on their physico-chemical properties. In this context, the soil samples can be grouped into three major clus- ters： （1） Samples with intensive biological activities, （2） samples from the area recently exposed by glacial retreat and （3） samples from barren and dried areas. Nutrient contents in Punta Fort William are driven by the intensity of biological activities as well as melt water from the Qnito glacier.  相似文献