中国旧石器时代考古简介          下载免费PDF全文

裴文中 《第四纪研究》1994,14(4):297-306

中国旧石器时代考古简介裴文中编者按：下面发表的这篇手稿,是裴文中先生１９８０年赴日本讲学前写的。在这篇手稿中,裴先生阐述了他对中国旧石器时代考古几个问题的看法,如实地反映了裴先生的学术观点。手稿上的“请提意见”字样,表明这是一份初稿。手稿介绍的六个问...  相似文献   

浙东晚白垩世小雄破火山中火山-侵入杂岩的岩石成因     

郑世帅  徐夕生 《岩石学报》2021,37(12):3712-3734

破火山内出露的火山岩与浅成侵入岩为硅质岩浆演化研究提供了一个重要窗口，从而备受关注。小雄破火山内的火山-侵入杂岩是中国东南沿海晚白垩世岩浆活动的典型代表，包括小雄组火山岩（K₂x）与两类侵入岩（花岗斑岩、正长斑岩）。本文以小雄火山-侵入杂岩为研究对象，开展了系统的锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石学和地球化学研究，旨在深入探讨破火山内火山岩与侵入岩之间的成因联系和岩浆演化过程。系统的LA-ICP-MS 锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明，小雄组火山岩形成于98~88Ma，并具有多期次喷发的特点，可分为下段、中段和上段，年龄分别为98~96Ma（K₂x¹）、95~92Ma（K₂x²）、~ 88Ma（K₂x³）。小雄花岗斑岩形成年龄为90Ma；正长斑岩形成稍晚，约88Ma。与下段流纹质玻屑凝灰岩的Nd-Hf同位素组成[ε_Nd（t）=-8.3~-7.2， ε_Hf（t）=-11.8~-7.2]相比，中段流纹岩要更为亏损[ε_Nd（t）=-5.84~-5.32， ε_Hf（t）=-10.1~-0.5]。研究表明，小雄组流纹质火山岩的母岩浆可能起源于发生在深部岩浆房中渐进的壳幔相互作用，中段流纹岩的源区混入了更多的亏损幔源组分。中段流纹岩与花岗斑岩具有相似的Nd-Hf同位素组成，以及 "互补"的微量元素地球化学特征，由发生在浅部岩浆房的分离结晶作用和堆晶作用所制约。值得注意的是，正长斑岩与花岗斑岩并不存在直接的成因演化关系，两者应是不同的起源。不同的正长斑岩岩株具有高度一致的结晶年龄、微量元素特征以及Nd-Hf同位素组成，以上特征均表明小雄破火山内的正长斑岩具有相同的起源。正长斑岩母岩浆起源于富集岩石圈地幔的部分熔融，岩浆源区混入了来自亏损的软流圈地幔组分，其地球化学成分变化主要受"普通辉石+磷灰石+钛铁矿"的分离结晶所控制。  相似文献   

新丰江6.1级水库地震前后的波速比变化     

冯锐 《地球物理学报》1977,20(3):211-221

广东省新丰江水库区于1962年3月19日发生6.1级地震。本文分析了1961年以来十四年间,特别是主震前后纵、横波速比V_p/V_s的变化过程。结果表明:波速比V_p/V_s在主震前出现了明显的负异常,总异常时间约为十一个月,于震前一个半月返回正常值,在主震震源附近的深水峡谷区异常幅度最大,异常时间和空间范围比一般构造地震的要小.后期几次强余震前也有异常变化。虚波速度在主震前存在某些异常特征。上述波速比的变化可以用扩容模式较好地解释。 波速比值是由两个台站的记录得到的。对虚波速度的计算采用了联合地震参数的方法。  相似文献   

水库地震与地质构造的关系   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

李祖武 《地震地质》1981,3(3):61

许多实例表明,水库地震与地质构造有十分密切的关系。本文根据一些实际资料着重讨论了水库地震与活动性强烈的大地构造区、断裂带、断块间差异运动之间的关系  相似文献   

关于华北地区几个古地震遗迹的认识   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

丁梦麟 《地震地质》1981,3(1):67

本文简要报导华北地区几个古地震实例:1.内蒙磴口西北地震毁坏的汉代古城废墟;2.宁夏平罗西北红果子沟长城错开及古地震断层陡坎;3.宁夏中宁古城子古地震断层及沙基液化变形;4.天水—宝鸡—常兴古地震黄土滑坡带;5.辽宁海城黑音寺山地震裂缝及岩崩;6. 山东临朐山旺湖相硅藻土层中地震引起的揉皱变形;7.江苏新沂嶂山闸古地震裂缝  相似文献   

PCBs and OCPs in sediments from Hongfeng Reservoir in Guizhou Province, China     

Zhongqing WEI Congqiang LIU Xiaobing LIANG Fushun WANG Shaofeng WANG 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):69-70

In this research, chlorinated hydrocarbons （polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides） were measured by GC-ECD in sediments from the Hongfeng Reservoir area. The concentrations of total PCBs range from 3.2 to 31.6 ng/g, among which PCB28, PCB52 are the major congeners with the concentrations from 0.5 to 4.6 ng/g, and from 0.4 to 28.1 ng/g, respectively. The concentrations of these pollutants decrease from surface to bottom, while the concentrations at 1-4 cm are lower than at 5-8 cm, suggesting the decline of PCBs input. TOC concentrations of sediment are found in a significant positive correlation with those of PCBs, suggesting that PCBs are mainly adsorbed on organic matter and particles. HCHs and DDTs are the predominant organochlorine pesticides with the concentrations ranging from 1.6 to 8.9 ng/g （average 3.2 ng/g） and 0.9 to 25.7 ng/g （average 7.8 ng/g）, respectively. β-HCH and γ-HCH （lindane） are the predominant HCH isomers from sediments, and p, p＇-DDE and p, p＇-DDT are the predominant DDT isomers. DDT/DDE＋DDD and α-HCH/γ-HCH ratios range from 0.6 to 0.9 and 0.1 to 3.0, respectively, which indicates more use of lindane than technical mixtures of HCHs before, and also suggests changes in HCHs and DDTs in the environment. The high values of β-HCH and p, p＇-DDE also show that atmospheric input is one of the important sources of the Hongfeng Reservoir, because β-HCH and p, p＇-DDE are stable and have low Sw and Pv so that they can be easily transferred over a long range in atmosphere.  相似文献   

Overcoming flood and desiccation made by implementing artificial recharge toward absorption reservoir     

Teddy W. Sudinda Teddy 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):156-157

Flood and desiccation are perceived as two most critical and influential disasters which contradict between causes and consequences. Flood occurs when the water surface could no longer flow the whole water flow, thus, the water flooded. Contradicted to that, desiccation occurs when the water flow contains a low volume of water deposit, thus, the water requirement exceeds the available potential. That condition was caused by land utilization as the consequences due to the increased land requirement for housing or industrial needs. An attempt to overcome the flood, nowadays, is implemented mostly in a structural way, through building canals, implementing rivers normalization, building gateways or building flood control pump which are more directed toward the flood direction in order to increase the surface flow in an immediate maner to the sea. However, the effort to overcome the flood its self, could be more effective if followed by an effort to increase the soil ability to absorb natural recharge or artificial recharge or by refilling the water into the earth surface. Absorption reservoir used as one of technology alternatives （artificial recharge） could also be used to support the attempt to overcome flood and desiccation. Absorption reservoir is a dam which was designed according to the basic principles, such as the bottom surface of the reservoir that has a high permeability surface; the surface of the reservoir water is higher （higher aquifer） along with a high permeability, considering the availability of water source that has been absorbed and its quality; considering the aquifer category on the water absorption dam;  相似文献   

Early diagenesis of nurtrients （C, N, P and Si） stored in sediments of two reservoirs in southwestern China     

Yuchun WANG Jun ZHU Congqiang LIU 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):161-162

Damming is a common anthropogenic intervention along the course of rivers, which is defined as ＂artificial-lake effect＂, both in China and across the world. Today as many as 48000 dams and/or reservoirs are in operation in the Changjiang River （Yangtze River） drainage area, and more are being constructed. While damming is well known to affect riverbome nutrient loads, and thus the riverine ecosystems owing to removal of carbon fixation, and removal of particles in reservoir sediments, there is limited information on the detailed early diagenesis of sediments in reservoirs including the regeneration processes of nutrients deposited in sediments and exchange flux across the sediment-water interface, which is important for mass balance of riverbome nutrients. In the present study, two large-size reservoirs, Wujiangdu Reservoir （WJDR） and Dongfeng Reservoir （DFR）, located on the main steam of the Wujiang River and with uniformity hydrography and discrepancy biogeochemical activity （e. g. primary production）, were selected for a comparative study on the detailed processes of nutrient regeneration. Water, pore water and sediment were sampled from these two reservoirs and dissolved organic carbon （DOC）, NH4^＋, NO3^-, PO4^3-, dissolved silica （DSi） in the overlying water and pore water, and total organic matter in sediments were determined. The results of correlation analysis suggested that in these two reservoirs, processes of nutrient regeneration near the sediment-water interface were significantly different. As a result of rapid decomposition of algae-derived ＂labile＂ organic matter in upper sediments, nutrient regeneration processes and upward fluxes in WJDR are dramatically stronger than those of DFR. NH4^＋ upward flux from sediment in WJDR was about 17 times higher than that in DFR. PO4^3- flux in WJDR is about 13 times above that in DFR. DOC flux in WJDR is larger that in DFR by 5 times, and DSi by 1 time.  相似文献   

福建省山仔水库浮游植物特征与水体富营养状况分析     

苏玉萍  陈娜蓉  林婉珍  梁晓丹 《福建地理》2006,(4)

采用浮游植物指示法评价了福州省山仔水库2005年不同季节水体的富营养状况,结果表明:冬、春季库区水体处于中—富营养水平,夏季发生水华微囊藻(Microcystis flos-aquae)“水华”,水体处于富营养水平,秋季水体处于中营养水平.由于浮游植物的生长状况受到多因素的影响,有必要进一步结合其他评价方法对整个水体的富营养状态做出综合判断.  相似文献   

山东省小水源开发利用发展方向     

吕红  杨淑华  刘群 《地下水》2005,27(3):158-159,168

阐述山东省小水源开发利用的重要性,分析小水源现状开发利用潜力,从影响小水源开发利用的主要因素出发,提出小水源近期开发利用发展方向,为合理制订小水源开发利用战略目标及对策措施提供科学依据.  相似文献