A siltation simulation and desiltation measurement study downstream of the Suzhou Creek Sluice,China     

季永兴  杨绯  张汉云  卢永金 《中国海洋工程》2013,27(6):781-793

The Suzhou Creek Sluice is currently the largest underwater plain gate in the world, with a single span of 100 m. It is located in a tidal estuary at the junction of the Huangpu River and Suzhou Creek in Shanghai, China. In this study, physical and 2D vertical mathematical models were used to investigate and distinguish the mechanism of siltation downstream of an underwater plain gate from that of other gates types. According to quantitative data obtained by site investigation and the application of the physical hydrodynamic models, it was found that the characteristics of the tidal estuary as well as the fact that the sluice span is equal to the creek width are the major reasons contributing to siltation. A possible desiltation treatment system is proposed for the underwater plain gate. The system includes selection of a suitable location that allows the determination of a reasonable top elevation of the sluice floor, reserving sufficient space under the gate to accommodate siltation, setting up a mechanical desiltation system, and flushing silt along with overflow over the top of the gate. Furthermore, on-site hydraulic silt flushing experiments and a topography survey were conducted. These results showed that the measurement system is effective, and by maintaining this scheduled operation once a month, the downstream riverbed has been maintained in a good condition.  相似文献   

探空温度传感器受太阳辐射影响的仿真分析     

杨荣康  张利  刘清惓  李敏  张加宏  戴伟 《南京气象学院学报》2013,5(6):527-532

随着高空温度探测精度要求的日益提高,如何减小温度传感器测量误差已成为亟需解决的问题,而太阳辐射作为影响温度传感器探测性能的重要因素已成为该领域研究的热点.利用计算机仿真技术,引入太阳高度角、引线夹角2个影响因子,根据流体动力学模型模拟分析探空温度传感器从海平面上升到32 km高空时所受太阳辐射的影响,最终得到辐射误差与海拔高度的关系曲线族,仿真结果将为开展高空温度传感器误差分析提供基础依据,从而提高传感器测量准确度.  相似文献   

Construction and Validation of an Urban Area Flow and Dispersion Model on Building Scales     

CHEN Bicheng  LIU Shuhu  MIAO Yucong  WANG Shu  LI Yuan 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2013,27(6):923-941

This paper presents a numerical model that simulates the wind fields, turbulence fields, and dispersion of gaseous substances in urban areas on building to city block scales. A Computational Fluid Dynamics（CFD） approach using the steady-state, Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes（RANS） equations with the standard k-ε turbulence model within control volumes of non-uniform cuboid shapes has been employed. Dispersion field is computed by solving an unsteady transport equation of passive scalar. Another approach based on Gaussian plume model is used to correct the turbulent Schmidt number of tracer, in order to improve the dispersion simulation. The experimental data from a wind tunnel under neutral conditions are used to validate the numerical results of velocity, turbulence, and dispersion fields. The numerical results show a reasonable agreement with the wind tunnel data. The deviation of concentration between the simulation with corrected turbulent Schmidt number and the wind tunnel experiments may arise from 1） imperfect point sources, 2） heterogeneous turbulent difusivity, and 3） the constant turbulent Schmidt assumption used in the model.  相似文献   

强制通风温度传感器的计算流体动力学分析     

丁仁惠  费松  杨杰  沈瑱  王大鹏  张道远 《气象科学》2020,40(4):540-545

本文利用计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD)方法对基于076B型强制通风防辐射罩的温度传感器进行流固耦合传热分析,计算不同太阳辐射强度、下垫面反射率、强制通风速度、气象站海拔高度和下垫面长波辐射强度等影响因子条件下温度传感器的辐射误差。为实现影响因子连续变化时能提供准确修正数据的目标,采用神经网络算法仿真值计算结果进行拟合,获得辐射误差订正方程。结果表明,辐射误差订正方程的修正误差在0.005℃以内。订正后的气温观测数据有望用于气候变化研究和高精度天气预报。  相似文献   

色球和白冕的MHD加热机制     

王华宁 《天文学进展》1996,14(3):304-311

扼要地介绍了色球和日冕加热问题的研究历史。随着空间太阳观测技术的进步，人们认识到色球和日冕加热机制主要与ＭＨＤ过程有关。因此，在本文中着重介绍四种ＭＨＤ色球和日冕加热机制：（１）阿尔芬波；（２）ＭＨＤ波动；（３）场向电流；（４）磁重联。由于这四种加热机制的有效性都需要通过高分辨率观测来判定，所以空间太阳  相似文献   

区域分解方法在快速旋转行星流体动力学并行计算中的应用     

冯天厚 《天文学报》2007,48(3):397-406

基于区域分解思想建立了一种快速旋转行星流体动力学大规模二维数值模拟并行计算方法,并在PC-Cluster型并行计算机上进行了各种网格的数值模拟,结果表明:在一定的CPU数目范围内,该方法在PC-Cluster型并行计算机上的计算速度基本上与采用的CPU数目成线性正比关系.  相似文献   

黄河三角洲区域水动力条件下岸滩侵蚀研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

JIA Yonggang  ZHENG Jiewen  YUE Zhongqi  LIU Xiaolei  SHAN Hongxian 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(7):116-124

An ideal nature system for the study of post-depositional submarine mass changing under wave loading was selected in the intertidal platform of the subaqueous Huanghe River Delta, a delta formed during period from 1964 to 1976 as the Huanghe River discharged into the Bohai Gulf by Diaokou distributary. A road embankment constructed for petroleum recovery on the inter-tidal platform in 1995 induced the essential varieties of hydrodynamic conditions on the both sides of the road. With both sides sharing similarities in （1） initial sedimentary environment, （2） energetic wave loading, （3） differential hydrodynamic conditions in later stages, （4） enough long-range action, and （5） extreme shallow water inter-tidal platforms; the study is representative and feasible as well. Two study sites were selected on each side of the road, and a series of measurements, samplings, laboratory experiments have been carried out, including morphometry, hydrodynamic conditions, sediment properties, granularity composition, and fractal dimension calculation of the topography in the two adjacent areas. It was observed that in the outer zone, where wave loading with high magnitude prevailed, the tidal flat was bumpy and exhibited a high erosion rate and high fractal dimension. Further, the fractal dimension diminished quickly, keeping with the enlarging of calculative square size. However in the inner zone, where the hydrodynamic condition was weak, the tidal fiat was fiat and exhibited a low erosion rate and low fractal dimensions; the fractal dimension diminished with the enlarging of calcu- lative square size. The fractal dimensions in the different hydrodynamic areas equalized increasingly as the calculative square size accreted to threshold, indicating that the hydrodynamic condition plays a significant role in topography construction and submarine delta erosion process. Additionally, the later differentiation of sediment properties, granularity composition, microstructure characteristics, and mineral composition  相似文献   

Overview of Advances in Synoptic Meteorology： Four Stages of Development in Conceptual Models of Frontal Cyclones          下载免费PDF全文

TAO Zuyu  XIONG Qiufen  ZHENG Yongguang 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):849-858

The advance of fluid dynamics may be divided into four stages： ancient, classical, neoteric, and contem- porary. A similar four-stage framework can be used to describe the advance of synoptic meteorology, such as the conceptual models of extratropical cyclones and their attendant fronts. The first conceptual model of extratropical cyclones was proposed by Admiral FitzRoy in 1863. Based purely on Admiral FitzRoy＇s personal experience （although it does contain some scientific essentials）, this model represents the “ancient” stage of synoptic meteorology. The Norwegian cyclone model was developed based on Newtonian mechanics about 100 yr ago, and represents the classical stage of synoptic meteorology. This model was based on the idea that weather changes are primarily caused by baroclinicity, but contain some serious flaws. In particu- lar, the Norwegian model regards fronts as zeroth-order discontinuities in density, which is inconsistent with the continuity principle of fluid dynamics. The Chicago three-dimensional conceptual model of fronts and cyclones, which was developed approximately 50 yr ago by using quasi-geostrophic theory, can be thought of as representing the neoteric stage of synoptic meteorology. The Chicago model was replaced in the late 20th century by a model of extratropical cyclones characterized by back-bent and wrap-up warm fronts. This model has been developed with massive numerical calculations, and represents the contemporary stage of synoptic meteorology. In the era of large data, contemporary synoptic meteorology should be careful to maintain and make full use of the profound physical understanding generated during the neoteric stage of synoptic meteorology.  相似文献   

大射电望远镜FAST风环境数值模拟研究     

吴明长  王启明  郭永卫  赵保庆 《天文研究与技术》2012,(2):121-128,149

500 m口径球面射电望远镜(Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope,FAST),整体结构处于复杂的喀斯特地貌上,反射面承受风载荷作用,需要进行抗风设计。建立了FAST反射面及其周边山地地形的计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)计算模型,计算域范围为40 km×10 km×5.5 km。确定了入口风速剖面的基准高度为海拔810 m。计算了不同风向下反射面风压系数分布特征,得出了不利风向。对挡风墙的研究结果表明,挡风墙高度选择的效果优于位置选择。该研究结果可为FAST工程提供抗风设计的初步参考。  相似文献   

塔中地区深部流体活动及其对油气成藏的热作用   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘春晓  李铁刚  刘城先 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2010,40(2):279-285

利用塔中地区钻井岩心、分析化验、地震等资料,系统地分析了深部流体活动机制及其对油气成藏的热作用。通过奥陶系岩石热液矿化蚀变、古地温异常及CO₂无机成因气与储层包裹体测温等研究后认为：深部流体通过地震、火山或其它各种通道,如断裂、不整合面等向浅部运移;深部流体提高生烃量及生烃速率,而且降低烃源岩中残余有机质含量,影响有效烃源岩评价;深部流体对油气储层的影响,既有热液方解石充填的破坏性,又有热液溶蚀、热液次生矿物带的建设性;深部流体在向上运移的过程中形成异常高压, 为油气二次运移提供动力。深部流体对天然气形成的热作用、储层改造与成藏动力学方面,不仅在能量上,而且在物质上都对油气藏的形成和演化起到重要影响,并使塔中地区奥陶系油气成因更加复杂化。  相似文献