美国藻类作为燃料的探索     

童国庆 《海洋世界》2010,(9):43-45

在美国圣地亚哥的一个实验室里,几乎所有的试管都装满了绿色的藻类,这是一种现代化的生物技术,可以避免池塘藻类生长产生的浮渣。试管里装着不同种类的藻类,它们之间进行着生长竞赛,这种竞赛是一种快速生长的进化,其目的是要产生一种"超级藻类",这种超级藻类能高效地将太阳光能和二氧化碳转变为脂类或者油类,然后这些脂类或者油类经过提炼和加工,最终形成汽油或燃料。  相似文献   

Research on the discrimination methods of algae based on the fluorescence excitation spectra     

HU Xupeng  SU Rongguo  ZOU Weiming  REN Shijun  WANG Hongtao  CHAI Xiaoping  WANG Yiming 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(4):116-128

The excitation spectra of chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence can be used to differentiate phytoplankton populations at phylum level in vivo and in situ within a few minutes.The investigated phytoplankton divisions (Dinophyta,Bacillariophyta,Chrysophyta,Cyanophyta,Cryptophyta,Chlorophyta) are each characterized by a specific composition of photosynthetic antenna pigments and,consequently,by a specific excitation spectrum of the Chl fluorescence.Norm excitation spectra (emission of 680 nm and excitation of 400–600 nm) of every division were obtained from several species per division by a F4500 fluorescence spectrophotometer.Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis of the norm spectra shows that the divisions could be discriminated.The discrimination method,established by multivariate linear regression and weighted least squares,was used to differentiate the phytoplankton samples cultured in the laboratory and samples collected from the Jiaozhao Bay at division level.The correctly discriminated samples were more than 94% for single algal species ones,more than 84% for simulatively mixed ones,more than 83% for real mixed ones and 100% for samples collected from the Jiaozhou Bay for the dominant species.The method for phytoplankton differentiation described here can be applied to routine checking by fluorescence spectrophotometer,and benefit the monitoring and supervision tasks related to phytoplankton populations in the marine environments.  相似文献   

Oomycetes and fungi: important parasites on marine algae     

LI Wei  ZHANG Tianyu  TANG Xuexi  WANG Bingyao 《海洋学报(英文版)》2010,29(5):74-81

Considering that the field is largely unexplored and its importance to aquaculture, outline of oomycetes and fungi parasiting on marine algae was provided in this paper, including 15 species of oomycetes, six species of chytrids, 31 Ascomycota species and one species of mitosporic fungi. In natrue, both the oomycetes and chytrids frequently occurred and induced prevalences of disease which could destroy the populations of host plants greatly. However, the parasites in Ascomycota on algae have never occurred as epidemics so far. Some issues relating to the field were discussed such as performing tests to satisfy Koch''s postulates, investigations of host specificity, interactions between host and parasite and the potential effects of environmental factors on occurrence of a disease, which are urgent in need of further investigations.  相似文献   

EFFECTS OF HARVEST STAGE ON THE TOTAL LIPID AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF FOUR CYLINDROTHECA STRAINS   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

梁英麦康森  孙世春 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2002,20(2):157-161

Four strains of Cylindrotheca (B156, B164, B196, and B200) were harvested at three phases in the growth curve and their total lipid and fatty acid composition were determined. Total lipid reached highest values in the late stationary phase in B156 (24.0%), B164 (26.6%) and B200 (17.3%), in the exponential phase in B196 (15.5%). Saturated fatty acids increased with the devel-opment of the culture in B156 and B196, and reached their highest values in the late stationary phase in B156 (41.7%) and B196 (45.1%), in the early stationary phase in B164 (45.4%) and B200 (37.6%). Monounsaturated fatty acids increased with the development of the culture in B196 and B200, and reached their highest values in the late stationary phase in B196 (32.4%) and B200 (32.8%), in the early stationary phase in B164 (31.0%) and in the exponential phase in B156 (29.3%). Polyunsaturat-ed fatty acids decreased in the later phases of the culture in B164, B196 and B200, and peaked in theexponential phase in B164 (29.5%), B196 (42.9%) and B200 (37.3%), and in the early stationary phase in B156 (32.0%).  相似文献   

泌阳凹陷核桃园组湖相碳酸盐岩系藻类组合及古环境   总被引：10，自引：3，他引：10  

闫存凤 《沉积学报》1996,14(A00):57-62

本文了我国泌阳凹陷下第三系核桃园组核三上段－核二段湖相碳酸盐岩系中的藻类化石，划分出三个藻类组合，Ｆｒｏｍｅａ ｃｈｙｔｒａ组合，Ｄｉｃｔｙｏｔｉｄｉｕｍ组合和Ｒｕｇａｓｐｈａｅｒａ－Ｄｉｃｔｙｏｔｉｄｉｕｍ－Ｃｏｍｃｅｎｔｒｉｃｙｓｔｅｓ组合，它们反映的工变化依次由高到低。  相似文献   

从以色列微藻生物技术论中国微藻产业的发展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李定梅 《海洋与湖沼》1996,27(2):224-226

于１９９４年１２月１５日－１９９４年１２月３０日随中国考察团赴以色列访问考察。考察表明，以色列十分重视微藻生物技术尤其是有关藻类光合作用机理和新藻种的开发等方面的基础研究，同时对高有效成份含量微藻生产工艺等应用性研究方面也很重视，实现了螺旋藻生产的计算机控制。我国应该加强同以色列在高效微藻生物技术领域的合作，增加科技投入，加强有关优良藻种选育和藻类生物反应器等方面的研究工作，以便加速我国微藻产业的  相似文献   

长江三角洲及邻近海域第一硬质黏土层的生物化石标志   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  

覃军干  吴国瑄  郑洪波  李从先 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2004,24(3):11-18

对长江三角洲地区8个钻孔进行了系统的孢粉、藻类分析，从第一硬质黏土层中提取出较丰富的孢粉和藻类化石，结合其他学者的研究成果，探讨了长江三角洲及邻近海域第一硬质黏土层中的孢粉、藻类及其组合的特征。与其上覆地层相比，硬质黏土层中的孢粉、藻类的绝对浓度较低，出现的孢粉、藻类组合较单调，孢粉、藻类组合中淡水藻类含量异常高，并以环纹藻为主。高含量的淡水藻类指示硬质黏土的形成曾受到水流作用，硬质黏土的形成环境应为水域环境。与上覆、下伏地层的孢粉、藻类组合明显不同，淡水藻类含量高是第一硬质黏土层孢粉、藻类组合的重要特征，可以作为长江三角洲及其邻近海域地区晚第四纪地层对比的一个显著标志。  相似文献   

硒在海洋浮游植物生化组分中的分布   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨逸萍  李河典  胡明辉 《海洋学报》1994,16(3):143-148

硒为中等生物制约元素.海洋浮游植物对硒的富集系数高达103～104^[1].硒沿海洋食物链的传递[1～4]表明硒在生物体内可能被结合在细胞原生组分中^[5-7].为了进一步探讨硒对海洋浮游植物营养作用的新陈代谢基础,深入研究硒沿海洋食物链的传递现象,本文通过实验室培养试验,结合现场观测,比较全面地研究了硒在海洋浮游植物体主要生化组分中的分布,同时探讨了介质中硒浓度变化对上述分布的影响.  相似文献   

钦州湾浮游植物的初步调查     

陈成英 《南海研究与开发》1989,(4):32-37

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南长山岛岩岸潮间带底栖藻类群落结构的季节变化格局   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

庄树宏  陈礼学  孙力 《海洋科学进展》2003,21(2):194-202

南长山岛岩岸潮间带底栖藻类群落的种类组成存在显著的季节差异,4个季节的群落共有种为8种:孔石莼、海黍子、石花菜、江蓠、叉枝藻、小石花菜、叉枝伊谷草和瘤枝凹顶藻。4个季节群落中生物量的变化为:秋季>夏季>冬季>春季。绿藻和褐藻类群主要为暖温性种类,而红藻类群比较复杂,既有暖温带、温带和亚热带性种类,也有寒温带的冷水性种类。4个季节群落的物种优势度序列存在明显的差异,海黍子在春季、夏季和冬季3个群落为第一优势种,瘤枝凹顶藻在秋季为第一优势种。不同季节群落多样性指数变化如下:物种丰富度指数,春季>秋季>冬季>夏季;物种多样性指数,冬季=秋季>春季>夏季;均匀度指数,冬季=秋季>春季>夏季。群落的多样性由红藻类群控制。  相似文献