Fire activity in Borneo driven by industrial land conversion and drought during El Niño periods, 1982–2010     

《Global Environmental Change》2017

Tropical rainforests, naturally resistant to fire when intact, are increasingly vulnerable to burning due to ongoing forest perturbation and, possibly, climatic changes. Industrial-scale forest degradation and conversion are increasing fire occurrence, and interactions with climate anomalies such as El Niño induced droughts can magnify the extent and severity of fire activity. The influences of these factors on fire frequency in tropical forests has not been widely studied at large spatio-temporal scales at which feedbacks between fire reoccurrence and forest degradation may develop. Linkages between fire activity, industrial land use, and El Niño rainfall deficits are acute in Borneo, where the greatest tropical fire events in recorded history have apparently occurred in recent decades. Here we investigate how fire frequency in Borneo has been influenced by industrial-scale agricultural development and logging during El Niño periods by integrating long-term satellite observations between 1982 and 2010 – a period encompassing the onset, development, and consolidation of its Borneo’s industrial forestry and agricultural operations as well as the full diversity of El Niño events. We record changes in fire frequency over this period by deriving the longest and most comprehensive spatio-temporal record of fire activity across Borneo using AVHRR Global Area Coverage (GAC) satellite data. Monthly fire frequency was derived from these data and modelled at 0.04° resolution via a random-forest model, which explained 56% of the monthly variation as a function of oil palm and timber plantation extent and proximity, logging intensity and proximity, human settlement, climate, forest and peatland condition, and time, observed using Landsat and similar satellite data. Oil-palm extent increased fire frequency until covering 20% of a grid cell, signalling the significant influence of early stages of plantation establishment. Heighted fire frequency was particularly acute within 10 km of oil palm, where both expanding plantation and smallholder agriculture are believed to be contributing factors. Fire frequency increased abruptly and dramatically when rainfall fell below 200 mm month⁻¹, especially as landscape perturbation increased (indicated by vegetation index data). Logging intensity had a negligible influence on fire frequency, including on peatlands, suggesting a more complex response of logged forest to burning than appreciated. Over time, the epicentres of high-frequency fires expanded from East Kalimantan (1980’s) to Central and West Kalimantan (1990’s), coincidentally but apparently slightly preceding oil-palm expansion, and high-frequency fires then waned in East Kalimantan and occurred only in Central and West Kalimantan (2000’s). After accounting for land-cover changes and climate, our model under-estimates observed fire frequency during ca. 1990–2002 and over-estimates it thereafter, suggesting that a multi-decadal shift to industrial forest conversion and forest landscapes may have diminished the propensity for high-frequency fires in much of this globally significant tropical region since ca. 2000.  相似文献   

厄尔尼诺对长江中下游地区夏季持续性降水结构的影响及其可能机理     

余荣  翟盘茂 《气象学报》2018,76(3):408-419

根据中国国家气象信息中心提供的1961-2016年2400多站的逐日降水观测数据,分析了厄尔尼诺对长江中下游地区夏季持续性降水结构的影响。发现长江中下游地区的降水主要以5 d及以内的降水事件为主,其强度主要分布在4-24 mm/d;5 d以上降水所占比例相对较小,而其强度主要分布在12-24 mm/d。其中,长江中下游地区夏季大于5 d的降水事件（长持续性降水事件）所占比例和强度在长江以南地区要大于长江以北地区。同时,在厄尔尼诺的影响下,长江以南地区的降水结构从2-5 d持续性降水事件（短持续性降水事件）和1 d的降水事件（非持续性降水事件）向长持续性降水事件转变,且其强度增加。而长江以北地区,以湖北为主,降水结构存在从非持续性向短持续性降水事件转变的现象,短持续性降水事件的强度也略有增强。因此,厄尔尼诺使得长江中下游地区的降水事件更多地以持续性降水为主,不同持续性降水事件的强度加强。进一步分析发现厄尔尼诺次年西太平洋副热带高压西伸加强,与其相关的东南季风所输送的水汽也有所加强。同时,中高纬度阻塞高压环流形势稳定维持。受这些因子的共同作用,最终导致长江中下游地区夏季降水持续性延长和降水强度加强。而这将给长江中下游地区的农作物种植和经济发展等带来较严重的影响,使防洪、防涝工作面临严峻的挑战。   相似文献   

超强厄尔尼诺事件对中国东部春夏季极端降水频率的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘明竑  任宏利  张文君  任鹏飞 《气象学报》2018,76(4):539-553

利用中国国家气象信息中心提供的中国地面逐日降水0.5°×0.5°格点数据集,研究了超强厄尔尼诺事件衰减年春、夏季中国东部极端降水发生概率的变化,并通过诊断超强厄尔尼诺自身及其衍生模态各自的水汽输送和垂直运动特征,探讨了超强厄尔尼诺事件对中国东部极端降水的影响机制。结果表明,超强厄尔尼诺事件衰减年春季,整个中国东部尤其是江淮以北地区,极端降水事件发生概率显著增大。同年夏季,长江流域极端降水发生概率比常规年份高出近1倍,而在华南和华北地区则相对减小。诊断分析显示,春季超强厄尔尼诺自身及其与热带太平洋地区年循环相互作用衍生出的组合模态（C-mode）均对降水的环流背景影响显著,热带太平洋西北部低空存在强盛的反气旋性异常环流,导致大量水汽在中国东部汇聚并上升,有利于该地区极端降水事件的发生。夏季,厄尔尼诺事件已经消亡,但与C-mode影响相关联的西北太平洋异常反气旋环流仍然存在,长江流域维持极端降水事件发生的有利条件。此外,研究也显示,超强厄尔尼诺事件衰减年春、夏季中国东部对流层中上层持续有异常经向风活动,频繁的南北冷暖气流交汇可能导致强对流事件发生次数增多,这也为该区域极端降水的频发提供了支持。   相似文献   

2016年我国梅雨异常特征及成因分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵俊虎  陈丽娟  王东阡 《大气科学》2018,42(5):1055-1066

利用国家气候中心梅雨监测资料和NCEP再分析资料,对2016年我国梅雨异常特征及其大尺度环流成因进行了分析。结果表明:（1）2016年我国梅雨有明显的区域特征,其中江南区入梅偏早14天,与1995年并列成为1951年以来入梅最早的年份,出梅偏晚11天,梅雨期（量）偏长（多）,但梅雨期日平均降水量偏少;长江区入梅和出梅均偏晚,梅雨期接近常年,但梅雨量偏多一倍以上,梅雨量和梅雨期日平均降水量分别为1951年以来历史同期第三和第二高值;江淮区入梅、出梅及梅雨期接近常年,但梅雨量偏多。（2）对流层高、中、低层环流系统冬夏季节性调整和转变显著提前的共同作用,导致了2016年江南区入梅显著偏早;东亚副热带西风急流、西太平洋副热带高压（副高）和东亚夏季风涌在7月中旬阶段性地南落导致了江南区和长江区出梅偏晚。（3）受到前冬超强厄尔尼诺衰减和春、夏季热带印度洋全区一致海温模态偏暖的影响,梅雨期副高异常偏强,副高西南侧转向的水汽输送异常偏强,并在长江区和江淮区与北方弱冷空气辐合,造成梅雨量异常偏多。  相似文献   

中国东部夏季极端降水统计特征及其与El Nio的联系          下载免费PDF全文

余锦华  祁淼  孙齐颖  陶丽 《大气科学学报》2018,41(1):77-84

选取中国东部1961—2012年夏季5—9月无缺测429站逐日降水资料,利用广义帕雷托分布(GPD)拟合,研究中国东部52 a以及El Nio发展年和衰减年极端降水的统计特征,并分析其成因。结果表明:1)中国东部降水阈值呈由东南向西北递减的态势,且基本为线性增加趋势。2)华南地区尺度参数最大,出现极端降水的概率大。黄河以南地区尺度参数变化趋势正值较多,出现极端降水的概率增加。3)El Nio发展年夏季,西太平洋上有气旋环流异常,中国东南部受气旋西侧的异常偏北气流影响,多地阈值偏小,只有福建东南部及黑龙江中西部易发生破纪录的极端降水。4)El Nio衰减年夏季,西太平洋上为异常反气旋环流,中国东南部受反气旋西侧的异常偏南气流影响,多地阈值偏大,广东中东部及皖鄂赣交界处发生洪涝灾害的可能性增大。  相似文献   

2015年11月浙江省降水异常成因分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

陈练  王阔  李进  李栋梁 《气象科学》2017,37(4):542-552

利用NCEP/NCAR大气环流资料、NOAA ERSST.V3b海温资料以及浙江省66个台站1971年以来的降水资料,分析了浙江省11月降水偏多对应的高低层大气环流异常特征以及与热带海温异常的联系,并在此基础上对2015年11月浙江省降水异常偏多的事实进行梳理和个例诊断。结果显示,2015年11月浙江省处于降水偏多的气候背景,同时北半球北极涛动正位相异常偏强、中高纬地区经向环流偏弱,西北太平洋副热带高压强度异常偏强、位置偏西是造成降水异常偏多的主要原因;统计分析表明巴尔喀什湖地区500 hPa高度场和西太平洋副热带高压强度与浙江省11月份降水具有显著相关;厄尔尼诺是导致浙江省11月降水偏多的重要外强迫因子之一,2015年11月Niño3.4指数达历史峰值,是造成浙江省同期降水异常偏多的主要原因。  相似文献   

El Ni?o对东亚夏季风和夏季降水季节内变化的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

赵俊杰  薛峰  林万涛  段安民 《气候与环境研究》2016,21(6):678-686

基于1979~2012年候平均再分析资料,合成分析了El Ni?o对东亚夏季风和夏季降水季节内变化的影响。结果表明,在El Ni?o衰减年夏季,西太平洋副热带高压(副高)明显偏强,位置偏向西南。副高的这种异常特征随夏季的季节进程有明显变化,初夏异常较弱,盛夏期间异常达到最强。此外,根据东亚夏季风降水呈现阶段式北进的特征,将夏季分为华南前汛期、江淮梅雨期、华北和东北雨期以及华南后汛期来分析东亚夏季风和降水的季节内变化。在上述各个时期,大气对流层低层表现为一致的环流异常型,副高及其以南区域为异常反气旋,其北部为异常气旋。这种异常环流型加强了副高南部偏东风及其北部偏北风,增强了热带水汽输送和高纬度地区冷空气的入侵,二者结合造成主汛期地区降水增加。需要强调的是,上述环流异常型随东亚夏季风逐步向北推移,导致东亚各地区的主汛期降水增加,非主汛期降水减少,降水分布更为集中。  相似文献   

A spatiotemporal analysis of tropical cyclone tracks in the Atlantic Basin and their relationship to El Niño-Southern Oscillation     

Cody Frick 《自然地理学》2016,37(1):26-37

There has been an enhanced focus on Atlantic tropical cyclone climatologies with the significant cyclones of the past decade and the associated loss of life and property. This study examines the geographic location of cyclone tracks and their relationship to El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The average annual cyclone track latitude and longitude correlate positively with hurricane-season El Niño indices, indicating that during El Niño conditions, tropical cyclone tracks are shifted northward and eastward. June–November indices explain 11–22% and 3–11% of the variance in cyclone track latitude and longitude, respectively. Examination of the strongest and weakest El Niño years yields similar results. Higher sea level pressure over North America, a slight contraction of the Bermuda High, and a slight decrease in 500 mb heights during El Niño years helps to explain the observed northward and eastward movement of tropical cyclone tracks during El Niño years. Additionally, weaker easterly and stronger southerly winds on the western side of the North Atlantic Basin exist during El Niño years. Although future tropical cyclone track projection is beyond the scope of this research, these results may provide insight into forecast improvement and ultimately better responses for coastal communities.  相似文献   

南极海冰面积变化特性及其与赤道太平洋海表面温度的联系   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

陈锦年  乐肯堂  于康玲  张彦臣 《海洋学报》1998,20(3):134-139

南极海冰面积变化特性及其与赤道太平洋海表面温度的联系陈锦年,乐肯堂,于康玲,张彦臣（中国科学院海洋研究所,青岛２６６０７１）（青岛海洋大学,青岛２６６００３）关键词南极海冰面积,赤道太平洋海表面温度,厄尔尼诺１引言８０年代以前,人们对南极实地考察、资...  相似文献   

A DIAGNOSTIC STUDY OF THE TELECONNECTION ASSOCIATED WITH THE WARM POOL OF THE WESTERN PACIFIC AND ASIAN MONSOON DURING EL NINO AND NON-EL NINO YEARS     

黎伟标  罗会邦 《热带气象学报(英文版)》1999,5(1):24-32

Based on the monthly mean OLR, geopotential height and wind data from the NCEP/NCAR reanalyzed data sets for 1982-1996, the atmospheric teleconnection associated with the warm pool of the tropical western Pacific and Asian monsoon region during E1 Nino and non-El Niño years are studied diagnostically in this paper. It is found that, the teleconnection pattern caused by the activity of the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) emanates from the Asian monsoon region to the tropical eastern Pacific via the Aleutians in summer of the El Niño years. In the non-El Niño years, however, the ASM-related teleconnection pattern stretches northward and westward from the Asian monsoon region, exerting its influences mainly on the circulation over middle and high latitude rather than that over the tropical eastern Pacific. Evidences also show that the anomalous convection over the tropical western Pacific warm pool leads to the East Asia/Pacific(EAP) teleconnection pattern during the non-El Niño years. It is interesting to note that the teleconnection in the 500 height field associated with the warm pool convection disappears in the El Niño years. The differences of the teleconnection pattern between the El Niño years and the non-El Niño years suggest that the activities of the ASM and the convection over the warm pool of the tropical western Pacific, the most energetic weather events in boreal summer, are intertwined and interactive with other global-scale circulation in different ways under different climate backgrounds.  相似文献