Biological aspects of pollution in the Heathcote river,Christchurch, New Zealand     

Jan Cameron 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):431-444

The presence and degree of pollution in the Heathcote River was estimated from bacterial and chemical analyses of water sampled at low tide from five stations in summer 1967–68. The river is very badly polluted in the industrial area and downstream of it, but is fairly clean upstream of the industrial area. Results of analyses of micro‐organisms and macrofauna at 20 stations are presented and distributions of these organisms are related to salinity and pollution in the river. Pollution is restricting the macrofauna of the river but is encouraging micro‐organism populations. Three groups of macrofauna are present:

• Those present in clean freshwater only,

• Those tolerating pollution but restricted to freshwater, and

• Those tolerating pollution but restricted to saline water.

The use of these groups of species as biological indicators of pollution in the Heathcote River has been evaluated; pollution appears to be indicated by absence of a group of species rather than by presence of one species.  相似文献   

Harpacticoid copepod response to epiphyte load variations in Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile meadows     

Nina Larissa Arroyo  Inés Castejón  Marta Dominguez  Jorge Terrados 《Marine Ecology》2013,34(3):345-362

We conducted a field experiment to assess the response of phytal harpacticoids to nutrient‐driven increases of epiphyte load in Posidonia oceanica meadows. First, we evaluated differences in species richness, diversity and assemblage structure of phytal harpacticoids in P. oceanica meadows with differing epiphyte loads. Secondly, we conducted a field experiment where epiphyte load was increased through an in situ addition of nutrients to the water column and evaluated the responses of the harpacticoid assemblages. We predicted that there would be changes in the harpacticoid assemblages as a result of nutrient‐driven increases of epiphyte load, and that these changes would be of a larger magnitude in meadows of low epiphyte load. Our results show that the harpacticoid fauna (>500 μm) present in P. oceanica meadows in the Bay of Palma comprised taxa which are considered phytal and other less abundant ones previously described as sediment dwellers or commensal on other invertebrate species. Nutrient addition had an overall significant effect on epiphyte biomass and on harpacticoid abundance, diversity and assemblage structure, possibly as a response to the increased resources and habitat complexity provided by epiphytes. The abundance of dominant species at each location was favoured by nutrient addition and in some cases correlated with epiphytic biomass, although never strongly. This may indicate that structural complexity or diversity of the epiphytic cover might be more important than the actual epiphytic biomass for the harpacticoid species investigated. More species‐specific studies are necessary to ascertain this and clarify the relationships between harpacticoids and epiphytes in seagrass meadows. To our knowledge, this is the first account of harpacticoid species associated with P. oceanica leaves and the epiphytic community they harbour in the Mediterranean Sea.  相似文献   

Limnology of Lake Rerewhakaaitu     

M. A. Chapman  V. H. Jolly  E. A. Flint 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):207-224

The limnology of Lake Rerewhakaaitu (36°18'S, 176° 30'E) was studied at various intervals between 1971 and 1974; comparisons were made between the main lake (area 6.32 km², mean depth 7 m, maximum depth 15 m), and the smaller (0.15 km²) and deeper (mean depth 15 m, maximum 31 m) crater which are connected by a narrow, 1 m deep channel. The main lake was usually homothermal, although temporary stratification periodically occurred, and the oxygen content of the deeper water could be as low as 2 g.m^‐3. The crater showed strong thermal and chemical stratification persisting well into the winter. Its heat budget and other factors related to lake stability are compared with those of some other New Zealand lakes. The failure of the crater to become fully re‐oxygenated during its brief period of homothermy is believed to be related to its morphometry, since the amount of phytoplankton did not appear to be great enough to explain the low levels of dissolved oxygen in the hypolimnion. The hypolimnetic oxygen deficit in 1973–74 was 0.038 mg. cm^‐2.day^‐1. Qualitatively the phytoplankton, usually dominated by desmids, was characteristic of oligotrophic waters, but quantitatively the main lake could be rated as mesotrophic. Differences were also found in the abundance of zooplankton between the crater and the main lake: there were usually more Bosmina but considerably fewer Ceriodaphnia in the main lake which had greater numbers of Piona. Adult Calamoecia were generally more abundant in the crater.  相似文献   

First record of Australian bonito,Sarda Australis,from New Zealand     

G. D. James  G. Habib 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):425-426

The range of the Australian bonito, Sarda australis (Macleay, 1880), previously known only from eastern Australia and Norfolk Island, is now extended to include New Zealand. Data on two specimens examined from northern New Zealand are presented.  相似文献   

莱州湾西部海域枯水期富营养化程度的初步研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

纪大伟  杨建强  高振会  贾永刚 《海洋通报》2007,26(1):78-81

根据 2004 年 5 月份的调查资料,选择透明度、盐度、活性磷酸盐、溶解无机氮、硅酸盐、叶绿素 a、浮游植物、浮游动物、底栖生物作为评价因子,利用层次分析法确定了各因子的层次关系和权重,建立了以营养盐和富营养化致害因素、直接效应、间接效应三方面指标为基础的综合评价指数模型,对莱州湾海域的营养水平进行了评价.各站点最终评价结果表明:莱州湾海域磷酸盐、无机氮超标严重,整体已表现出富营养化,其中黄河口和小清河口附近富营养化较为明显,这主要是受到陆源排污和海水养殖的影响.  相似文献   

南方典型富营养化海区生态修复技术与策略          下载免费PDF全文

汤坤贤  范祥  李和阳  马勇  张飞  孙元敏 《应用海洋学学报》2021,40(1):163-169

陆源排污和海水养殖等经常造成近海富营养化.选用大型海藻或大型海藻与贝类组成的复合生态系统开展富营养化海区生态修复,在介绍富营养化海区特征及治理方法的基础上,分析不同修复生物及其组合对不同富营养化海区的适宜性.结果表明,贝类不宜单独作为修复生物;大型海藻可以有效吸收水中的溶解无机氮(DIN)、溶解无机磷(DIP),提高溶...  相似文献   

水产养殖清塘过程污染排放特征及对周边水体影响：以太湖下游典型鱼类集约化养殖区为例          下载免费PDF全文

梁利权  郭春霞  陈小华  李金文  陈诚  杨林沛  沈根祥 《湖泊科学》2023,35(1):181-191

水产养殖清塘过程中的排水是造成周边水环境污染的重要环节，但对此环节中污染物排放特征和影响程度的研究仍相对不足。为有效减少清塘过程的排水对环境的污染，推进水产养殖业绿色发展，本研究选取典型鱼类集约化养殖区，通过高频采样和监测，分析了阶段式排水时混养鱼塘尾水中的悬浮物、有机物和营养盐等指标的浓度变化，明确污染物的排放特征，同时分析受纳水体不同断面的水质变化情况。研究结果表明：总悬浮物浓度(TSS)、高锰酸盐指数(COD_Mn)、总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)和氨氮(NH₃-N)浓度随着持续排水呈上升趋势，在排水末期污染物浓度均快速上升，磷酸盐磷(PO₄^3--P)浓度仅在排水末期骤升，硝态氮(NO₃^--N)浓度随排水持续下降，亚硝态氮(NO₂^--N)浓度随排水先上升后下降；根据《淡水池塘养殖水排放要求》二级标准，排水末期TN、TP、TSS浓度超标倍数分别达4.70、6.66、206.90；尾水流量与河流量约以1/200的比例...  相似文献