夏季长江口不同粒级浮游植物碱性磷酸酶活性          下载免费PDF全文

王奕恒  郝锵  陈建芳  朱元励  金海燕  周锋  张伟 《海洋学研究》2022,40(4):25-37

碱性磷酸酶活性(alkaline phosphatase activity, APA)是海洋研究中用于反映浮游植物磷限制状态的重要指标。在长江口等“氮过剩”海域,磷是控制海域初级生产力水平的主要因子,然而,磷限制的范围常常难以界定,当前对不同粒级浮游植物的磷限制效应所知甚少。该文根据2020年夏季长江口航次资料,给出了海洋表层各粒级浮游植物(Net:≥20 μm;Nano:2~20 μm;Pico:0.8~2 μm)APA、浮游细菌APA(0.2~0.8 μm)和溶解态APA(<0.2 μm)的空间分布特征,并分析了APA与环境要素间的相关性。结果显示,各粒级浮游植物APA均与无机磷酸盐浓度(dissolved inorganic phosphate, DIP)呈显著负相关,这表明DIP浓度是影响浮游植物APA分布的主要因素。在平面分布上,各粒级浮游植物APA在近口门的光限制区均较低,且呈现自口门向外逐渐升高的趋势,与DIP的分布特征相反。Net和Nano级APA[平均值分别为 (40.28±32.35) nmol/(L·h)和(52.38±34.78) nmol/(L·h)]显著高于Pico级APA[平均值为(28.43±20.23) nmol/(L·h)],这表明大粒级浮游植物可能更易受DIP下降的影响。该研究中,诱导浮游植物APA快速升高的DIP浓度为0.159 μmol/L,与近岸区磷限制经验阈值相接近。该研究揭示了夏季不同粒级浮游植物对长江口磷分布的响应特征,有助于理解长江口初级生产过程的环境调控机制。  相似文献   

Fluid inclusion studies on the Koraput Alkaline Complex,Eastern Ghats Province,India: Implications for mid-Neoproterozoic granulite facies metamorphism and exhumation     

《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2014

Following ultrahigh temperature granulite metamorphism at ∼1 Ga, the Eastern Ghats Province of India was intruded by the Koraput Alkaline Complex, and was subsequently re-metamorphosed in the granulite facies in the mid-Neoproterozoic time. Fluid inclusion studies were conducted on silica undersaturated alkali gabbro and syenites in the complex, and a pre-metamorphic pegmatitic granite dyke that intrudes it. High density (1.02–1.05 g/cc), pseudo-secondary pure CO₂ inclusions are restricted to metamorphic garnets within the gabbro and quartz within the granite, whereas moderate (∼0.92–0.95 g/cc) and low density (∼0.75 g/cc) secondary inclusions occur in garnet, magmatic clinopyroxene, plagioclase, hornblende and quartz. The isochores calculated for high density pseudo-secondary inclusions pass very close to the peak metamorphic window (∼8 kbar, 750 °C), and are interpreted to represent the fluid present during peak metamorphism that was entrapped by the growing garnet. Microscopic round inclusions of undigested, relict calcite in garnet suggest that the CO₂ present during metamorphism of the complex was internally derived through carbonate breakdown. Pure to low salinity (0.00–10.1 wt% NaCl equivalent) aqueous intra-/intergranular inclusions showing unimodal normal distribution of final ice-melting temperature (T_m) and temperature of homogenization (T_h) are present only in quartz within the granite. These represent re-equilibrated inclusions within the quartz host that were entrapped at the metamorphic peak. Rare, chemically precipitated graphite along the walls of carbonic inclusions is interpreted as a post-entrapment reaction product formed during decompression. The fluid inclusion evidence is consistent with rapid exhumation of a thickened lower crust following the mid-Neoproterozoic granulite facies metamorphic event. The study suggests that mantle CO₂, transported by alkaline magma into the crust, was locked up within carbonates and released during granulite metamorphism.  相似文献   

From intrusion-related to orogenic mineralization: The Wasamac deposit,Abitibi Greenstone Belt,Canada     

《Ore Geology Reviews》2017

The Wasamac deposit is an example of Archean greenstone-hosted gold deposit located in the Abitibi Belt, 15 km southwest of Rouyn-Noranda. The deposit is hosted by a second-order ductile shear zone of the Cadillac–Larder Lake Fault Zone (CLLFZ), known as the Francoeur-Wasa Shear Zone (FWSZ). It regionally sits at the boundary between the orogenic gold district of Noranda and the Kirkland Lake gold district dominated by intrusion-related gold systems. This specific location in-between two different gold mineralization environments sets the Wasamac deposit apart as a prime candidate for investigating hydrothermal processes along the CLLFZ. Within the Wasamac deposit, gold distribution is constrained to the altered mylonitized portion of the FWSZ; lode systems are absent. Hydrothermal alteration and associated disseminated mineralization occurs as a replacement of the Blake River Group metavolcanic units. The hydrothermal signature displays two distinct alkaline alteration assemblages: potassic and albitic, each associated with specific gold characteristics. (1) Potassic alteration is characterized by the crystallization of microcline, carbonates and quartz. Within this assemblage gold is associated with porous pyrite enriched in Te-Ag-Au-Mo-Pb-Bi-W, deposited under oxidizing conditions. Such characteristics are widely described in the Kirkland Lake area, and are found in examples of syenite-related mineralization, such as the Beattie and Malartic gold deposits. (2) The albitic alteration assemblage, composed of albite, sericite and carbonates, reflects more reduced hydrothermal conditions with mineralization characterized by free native gold. This hydrothermal event is coeval with the brecciation of early gold-rich pyrite reflecting a structural overprint that controlled late-stage gold characteristics. These alteration and structural features are common in orogenic gold deposits both worldwide and regionally, particularly at the neighbouring Kerr-Addison and Francoeur deposits, and in lode-gold systems such as in the Sigma-Lamaque deposit.The gold mineralization at Wasamac has similar characteristics to both intrusion-related gold systems and structurally controlled orogenic gold deposits. Hydrothermal and structural crosscutting relationships at Wasamac indicate that a structurally controlled hydrothermal event overprinted earlier potassic magmatic-hydrothermal alteration. This observation supports a multistage process of gold concentration during which new gold characteristics, metal anomalies, fluid conditions and alteration assemblages replaced earlier stages of gold enrichment, in places completely obliterating previous signatures. We propose that the Wasamac deposit was originally related to an alkaline intrusion buried at depth beneath the Francoeur-Wasa Shear Zone.  相似文献   

地幔橄榄岩捕掳体中尖晶石筛状边的成因     

胡森林  罗丹  陈立辉 《岩石学报》2017,33(1):69-80

山东的无棣大山和栖霞方山是两个以霞石岩为主的新生代火山,含有大量的地幔橄榄岩捕掳体,橄榄岩捕掳体中的尖晶石常见黑色反应边。在BSE图像上,这些反应边根据结构的不同又可以进一步分为两种:筛状边和均一边。有时两种反应边在同一颗尖晶石中共存并相互过渡。尖晶石捕掳晶和捕掳体中与寄主岩直接接触的尖晶石常发育均一边;发育筛状边的尖晶石则一般不直接与寄主岩接触,但位于捕掳体的边缘。尖晶石的筛状边呈多孔状,为富Cr尖晶石或铬铁矿。筛状边成分上与核部(Cr_2O_3=7.52%~36.75%,Cr#=7.80~44.20,Mg#=44.70~74.48)区别明显,具有高的Cr_2O_3含量(23.42%~65.96%)、Cr#值(78.97~92.49)以及低的Mg#值(17.22~43.02)。另外,筛状边相对其核部(TiO 2=0.00%~0.53%,MnO=0.04%~0.35%)还显示偏高的TiO 2(0.20%~3.60%)和MnO(0.29%~1.93%)。在筛状边附近存在富Al_2O_3(8.00%~17.57%)和MgO(17.89%~26.02%)的玻璃。尖晶石的均一边无孔洞但多发育裂理,成分上与核部突变,并以富TiO 2(20.90%~6.64%)和FeO T(70.79%~53.92%)为特征,最外部为钛磁铁矿。均一边具有明显的成分分带,表现为由内至外TiO 2、FeO T含量逐渐增高,Al_2O_3(0.04%~16.34%)、Cr_2O_3(0.77%~25.69%)和MgO(0.50%~7.16%)含量逐渐降低。尖晶石的两种反应边与寄主岩密切的空间关系说明其成因与寄主岩浆有关。虽然尖晶石筛状边的Cr#值(79.0~92.5)明显高于核部(7.8~44.2),但是其相对核部偏高的TiO 2和MnO含量,以及显著降低的Mg#值均与单纯的部分熔融趋势不吻合。根据尖晶石两种反应边的结构特征、成分特征和相互的空间关系,我们认为筛状边与均一边是岩浆与尖晶石反应不同阶段的产物。当橄榄岩捕掳体被岩浆捕获后,由于成分上的不均衡两者之间将发生溶解反应。反应过程中,尖晶石中不同元素向熔体迁移的速率区别明显,其中Cr是最难熔的元素也是迁移最慢的元素。在反应的初始阶段,由于易溶组份Al、Mg等元素随熔体迁出,尖晶石发育筛状边,并同时伴随Cr#值的显著升高和Mg#值的显著降低。此时,寄主岩浆中的Ti、Mn等元素也部分扩散进入筛状边中的残留尖晶石。如果熔体足够多,反应得以持续进行,筛状边中的Cr最终也将被熔体带走。在反应产生的混合熔体中金属氧化物最早达到饱和并结晶。随着反应的持续进行,结晶出的矿物将继续生长、变粗,并相互连接,直至孔洞消失形成均一边。同时伴随着矿物的不断结晶,溶解界面上的熔体成分也不断变化,从而使均一边具有明显的成分分带。在橄榄岩捕掳体内部,由于渗进捕掳体中的岩浆有限,渗透岩浆与尖晶石之间的反应多限于早期阶段,反应产物为筛状边。在捕掳体边缘,与寄主岩浆直接接触的尖晶石由于参与反应的岩浆量足够多,因此一般产生反应的终端产物———均一边。  相似文献   

Evolution of groundwater chemical composition under human activity in an oilfield   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. P. Belousova  S. R. Krainov  B. N. Ryzhenko 《Environmental Geology》1999,38(1):34-46

 Analysis and hydrogeochemical modeling of hydrocarbonate groundwater, including its buffering geochemical properties, have demonstrated that this water has undergone a geochemical transformation almost throughout the whole of one industrial region. It is known that hydrocarbonate groundwater possesses a high protective natural geochemical potential, supporting neutralization of acid atmospheric precipitation. Natural hydrocarbonate water undergoes three stages of anthropogenic transformation caused by acid atmospheric precipitation over more than 50 years. The first stage is transformation of neutral hydrocarbonate water into alkaline water, accompanied by calcite precipitation and sodium carbonate dissolution from the unsaturated zone. The second stage is transformation of alkaline water into neutral hydrocarbonate water; the hydrocarbonate content, being less than the lower limit for background concentrations, showed reduced water buffering properties or protective potential relative to acid precipitation. The third stage is transformation of neutral hydrocarbonate water into acidic water, with a complete loss of protective geochemical potential. This unfavorable ecological situation with natural geochemically hydrocarbonate groundwater shows that natural groundwater less protected from the impact of acid atmospheric precipitation is in a worse ecological condition, which is confirmed by observations in northern and Western Europe and other regions of the world. Received: 30 October 1997 · Accepted: 23 March 1998  相似文献   

Alkaline phosphatase in a littoral Mediterranean marine ecosystem: role of the main plankton size classes     

F. Gambin  G. Bog  D. Jamet 《Marine environmental research》1999,47(5):171

This work investigates the alkaline phosphatase activity in a littoral marine ecosystem (Toulon Bay and Le Niel Bay, France) in order to study its biochemical characteristics with respect to pH, sea water composition and phosphate sensitivity. We also characterise the active forms in sea water and determine the extent to which zooplankton generate phosphatase activity with respect to other plankton classes. In Toulon Bay, phosphatase was produced mostly by the microplankton fraction (>90 μm), accounting for more than 90% of total activity. In contrast, most of the phosphatase activity in Le Niel Bay was generated by the nanoplankton fraction (5–90 μm) and the picoplankton fraction (0.25–5 μm). The microplankton enzymes had non Michaelis-Menten kinetics suggesting the involvement of multiple enzyme processes with distinct kinetic constants. This activity is in major part secreted into the sea water and is stimulated by the ionic strength and the pH of the sea water. Cypris larvae of the genus Balanus played a special role in this release. For the nanoplankton and picoplankton, part of this activity was due to non-secreted enzymes, probably bound to membranes or occurring intracellularly. Moreover, nano and picoplankton phosphatase required higher pH than microplankton enzyme. For all plankton size classes, there was no activity at low pH, suggesting that acid phosphatases were not involved in reactions with substrates dissolved in water.  相似文献   

饲料中添加锌对牙鲆生长和生化指标的影响   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

魏万权  李爱杰  李德尚 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1999,(1)

含锌３７．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ的基础饲料中,分别加入锌０,１５,３０,５０,８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ,饲喂初重为３０．８５～３４．８５ｇ的牙鲆幼鱼１个月。结果表明,饲料中添加锌,鱼的增重率、肝脏锌含量、肠粘膜碱性磷酸酶活性都高于不添加组;且有随添加量加大而增加的趋势。当添加锌８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ时,此３项指标达到最大,分别为１１２．７％,４３．８ｍｇ／ｋｇ和１８．２８Ｕ／ｍｇ蛋白质。但添加锌没有影响鱼的成活率和肌肉锌含量。此结果说明,添加锌对牙鲆鱼苗具有促生长作用。建议在牙鲆的实用饲料中,锌添加量应大于８０ｍｇ／ｋｇ,锌的总含量应在１１９．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ以上。  相似文献   

华北克拉通燕辽裂谷长城纪碱性岩锆石U-Pb年代厘定和Hf-O同位素特征     

张健  李怀坤  田辉  刘欢  周红英  刘文刚 《岩石学报》2021,37(1):231-252

基性的碱性岩通常形成于伸展环境,具有富碱和不相容元素富集等地球化学特征,它们来源于深部富集地幔,是探索地幔交代和深部地球动力学的"岩石探针".华北克拉通北缘燕辽裂谷内发育团山子组和大红峪组钾质火山岩以及侵入串岭沟组的钠质岩脉,它们共同组成了长城纪碱性岩系列.本文利用SHRIMP锆石U-Pb同位素方法对平谷-蓟县地区钾质...  相似文献   

太湖水体中碱性磷酸酶的作用阈值   总被引：23，自引：6，他引：17  

高光  高锡芸  秦伯强  季江 《湖泊科学》2000,12(4):353-358

对不同ＰＯ＾３－４－Ｐ浓度下,不同粒级组分中碱性磷酸酶活性的分布及其变动规律的研究表明：（１）随着水体中ＰＯ＾３－４－Ｐ浓度的增加,水体中总碱性磷酸酶活性（ＴＡＰＡ）相应的减少（ｒ＝－０．５８６,ｎ＝５５）,水体中的ＴＡＰＡ增值,在ＰＯ＾３－４－Ｐ浓度范围为０－０．０１０ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１,无显著差异;而当ＰＯ＾ ３－４－Ｐ浓度〉０．０１０ｍｇ．Ｌ＾－１时,差异极显著（Ｐ〈０．０１）,（２）水体中的碱  相似文献   

抚仙湖不同污染来源沉积物微生物解磷能力分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

苏争光  冯慕华  宋媛媛  金星  马彦华  李勇  李文朝 《湖泊科学》2014,26(1):83-91

以云南抚仙湖为研究对象,分析了不同污染来源沉积物微生物量、碱性磷酸酶活性(APA)和微生物解磷能力的垂向分布特征和水平分布特征.结果表明,抚仙湖各采样点沉积物微生物生物量与APA垂向分布趋势相似,总体上随着深度增加逐渐降低,微生物作用主要表现在表层.在空间分布上,富营养化星云湖以泄水为主的南岸隔河口微生物生物量和APA最高,其次为以农业面源污染为主的北岸梁王河口和以磷矿开发为污染来源的北岸东大河口,再次为受人类活动影响较小、以自生有机污染为主的湖心和东岸老凹嘴,以自然水土流失为主的西岸尖山河口微生物生物量和APA最低.沉积物微生物生物量和APA体现了不同外源污染对抚仙湖各湖区的影响不同.抚仙湖沉积物微生物对有机磷和无机磷均有解磷能力,并且无机磷解磷能力大于有机磷.沉积物解无机磷细菌数量和APA决定了抚仙湖沉积物磷释放强度,造成了抚仙湖较高强度的内源磷污染负荷.  相似文献