内蒙古固沙造林树木真菌病害区系     

袁秀英  韩艳洁 《中国沙漠》1999,19(3):234-238

系统调查了内蒙古固沙造林树木真菌病害状况,采集到罹病树木１６科３７种（属）,鉴定出病害１２６种、病原真菌７６种,比较了不同树种及不同组织器官的病害类型和病原生态群落组成的差异。根据沙区不同的水热指标与地理条件,讨论了病原物的生态地理区系,并分为乌兰布和沙漠固沙造林区、毛乌素沙地固沙造林区和科尔沁沙地固沙林区。  相似文献   

A Review of the Concepts and Application of Rehabilitation Following Heavy Mineral Dune Mining     

R. A. Lubke  A. M. Avis 《Marine pollution bulletin》1999,37(8-12):546-557

Dune mining has had an enormous impact in some coastal regions. This paper reviews: the concepts of rehabilitation, restoration and revegetation as applied to dune mining for heavy minerals, the basic principles of dune rehabilitation, some case studies of rehabilitation and its success, the methods for measuring the success of rehabilitation, the process of producing a dune rehabilitation plan, and makes recommendations for pilot studies and guidelines for the implementation of the rehabilitation plan. Studies in Australia and South Africa in particular, provide successful models to draw upon in formulating the criteria and principles discussed in this paper.  相似文献   

Mapping Submerged Aquatic Vegetation with GIS in the Caloosahatchee Estuary: Evaluation of Different Interpolation Methods     

Weihe Guan  Robert H. Chamberlain  Bruce M. Sabol  Peter H. Doering 《Marine Geodesy》1999,22(2):69-91

This article evaluates different spatial interpolation methods for mapping submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) in the Caloosahatchee Estuary, Florida. Data used for interpolation were collected by the Submersed Aquatic Vegetation Early Warning System (SAVEWS). The system consists of hydro-acoustic equipment, which operates from a slow-moving boat and records bottom depth, seagrass height, and seagrass density. This information is coupled with geographic location coordinates from a Global Positioning System (GPS) and stored together in digital files, representing SAV status at points along transect lines. Adequate spatial interpolation is needed to present the SAV information, including density, height, and water depth, as spatially continuous data for mapping and for comparison between seasons and years. Interpolation methods examined in this study include ordinary kriging with five different semivariance models combined with a variable number of neighboring points, the inverse distance weighted (IDW) method with different parameters, and the triangulated irregular network (TIN) method with linear and quintic options. Interpolation results were compared with survey data at selected calibration transects to examine the suitability of different interpolation methods. Suitability was quantified by the determination coefficient (R2) and the root-mean-square error (RMSE) between interpolated and observed values. The most suitable interpolation method was identified as the one yielding the highest R2 value and/or the lowest RMSE value. For different geographic conditions, seasons, and SAV parameters, different interpolation methods were recommended. This study identified that kriging was more suitable than the IDW or TIN method for spatial interpolation of all SAV parameters measured. It also suggested that transect data with irregular spatial distribution patterns such as SAV parameters are sensitive to interpolation methods. An inappropriate interpolation method such as TIN can lead to erroneous spatial representation of the SAV status. With a functional geographic system and adequate computing power, the evaluation and selection of interpolation methods can be automated and quantitative, leading to a more efficient and accurate decision.  相似文献   

蝉花菌质(Isaria cicadae)对大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)幼鱼生长、免疫和肠道菌群的影响     

霍润明  尹恒  柴若愚  王涵颖  黄玲  王萍 《海洋与湖沼》2023,3(3):811-820

试验目的旨在研究蝉花菌质(Isaria cicadae)对大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)幼鱼生长性能、抗氧化和免疫、肠道组织形态以及肠道菌群等方面的影响,为大黄鱼绿色饲料添加剂的开发和利用提供参考。将初始体重为(16.50±1.10) g的大黄鱼幼鱼随机分成4组,对照组(IC0)不添加蝉花菌质,试验组分别添加1%(IC1)、3%(IC3)和5%(IC5)的蝉花菌质。试验结果表明:试验组的增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR)显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。IC3与IC5组的肝体比(HSI)显著低于对照组(P<0.05),与IC1组差异不显著(P>0.05)。IC5组脏体比(VSI)显著低于对照组,但与其他试验组之间差异不显著(P<0.05)。肌肉和全鱼体成分各组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验组肝脏过氧化氢酶(CAT)和血清溶菌酶(LZM)的活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05),各试验组间无显著性差异(P>0.05)。对照组单根绒毛杯状细胞数量显著少于各试验组(P<0.05),各试验组间无显著性差异(P>0.05...  相似文献   

Historical fluxes of metal and metalloids in an aquatic ecosystem affected by land-use change and mining activities in northwestern Mexico     

《国际泥沙研究》2023,38(5):724-738

Freshwater reservoirs are essential owing because of their ecological, economic, and social importance. They are particularly vulnerable to contamination, as of metal and metalloids, derived from anthropogenic activities like mining. The temporal variations in trace element concentrations (arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)), enrichment, fluxes, and possible sources were evaluated by studying two sediment cores from the La Angostura (ANG) Reservoir (northwest Mexico), using ²¹⁰Pb geochronology. The enrichment factors showed from null to minor enrichment for most elements, but moderate to severe enrichment of mercury (Hg). Most trace element concentrations had a detrital origin, and notable Hg concentration increases since the past decade were associated with severe drought periods, likely resulting from wildfires. The observed sediment concentrations of As and Hg can cause adverse effects on biota in the ecosystem since they are above the probable effect level (PEL). Development of strategies for metal attenuation in this reservoir is recommended and metals should be controlled until specific ecotoxicological studies are performed.  相似文献   

太湖康山湾示范区水生植物对水体氮、磷控制的适用性分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

宋玉芝  朱广伟  秦伯强 《湖泊科学》2013,25(2):259-265

为重建湖泊水生植被,改善太湖局部水域水质,在太湖康山湾示范区两个大型围隔进行了两种类型水生植物重建.通过2010年8月-2011年8月的现场采样及分析测定发现,人工控制条件下,浮叶植物荇菜和菱以及沉水植物马来眼子菜的重建效果较好,在其生长季节具有较高的覆盖度;研究表明,控制风浪及提高透明度是恢复水生植被的前提;植被重建区沉水植物氮、磷含量与浮叶植物差别不大,但浮叶植物重建区水体氮、磷浓度的控制比沉水植物重建区好;从经济及水环境效益角度来看,太湖敞水区的沿岸带由于风浪的控制比较困难,恢复水生植被时,应选择浮叶植物荇菜、菱、沉水植物马来眼子菜等抗风浪能力强的物种.本研究为太湖敞水区沿岸带的生态恢复方案制定提供了理论依据.  相似文献   

Seasonal insect emergence from three different temperate lakes     

《Limnologica》2017

Knowing the aquatic resources, such as emerging insects, that are entering terrestrial systems is important for food web and conservation studies, especially when water availability or quality is limited. Even though studies concerning benthic macroinvertebrates are numerous, insect emergence from lakes is less studied.To understand if water parameters (e.g., water temperature, oxygen concentration etc) determine insect emergence and the possible seasonal differences, we collected emergent insects from three different lakes in South Germany, during three seasons. We searched for common patterns of insect emergence at the three lakes. Moreover, the relative contribution of insects of aquatic origin to aerial flying arthropods was assessed, with collecting aerial flying arthropods at the shore.Chironomidae constituted the highest number of emerged insects in all lakes, however different patterns of emergence occurred in each lake (unimodal vs. bimodal) with different season-dependent times for the emergence peaks (spring, summer, beginning of autumn). Aquatic insects constituted a considerable proportion (at least 17%) of the aerial flying arthropods at the shore. The variation in insect emergence was explained by water temperature, however not by other water parameters or the nutrient values. Seasonal and spatial differences in insect emergence, should be considered when investigating aquatic-terrestrial interactions and designing conservation plans. A total biomass of up to 1.8 g m⁻² of emerging insects from the littoral zone of Lake Constance can enter the terrestrial system in a year. We also provide length-dry weight relationships for emerged (adult) Chironomidae. These equations are useful to estimate the dry insect biomass from length data and currently such data lack for adult aquatic insects.  相似文献   

富营养化湖泊围隔中重建水生植被及其生态效应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡旭  何亮  曹特  倪乐意  谢平 《湖泊科学》2014,26(3):349-357

水体富营养化导致水生植被衰退、蓝藻水华暴发、水质恶化和水生生态系统崩溃.恢复水生植被被认为是改善受损水体水质和提高其生态系统稳定性的重要手段.本研究通过构建大型围隔,根据水生植物的耐污程度及其对水质和底质等条件的需求,选取几种适宜的水生植物在围隔内进行移栽与群落构建,并以不移栽水生植物的围隔和围隔外水体作为对照.实验期间(2011年4月至2012年6月),围隔内移栽的几种水生植物全部存活,并建立了相对稳定的群落.同时还跟踪监测了3个处理组的水质情况,结果显示,移栽水生植物的围隔内水质明显优于围隔外,与未移栽水生植物围隔相比,也有很大程度的改善,其中移栽水生植物围隔内水体的总氮、铵态氮、总磷、水下消光系数相比于围隔外水体分别低30.55%、44.09%、36.04%和42.13%,相比于未移栽水生植物围隔内水体分别低5.96%、13.40%、6.70%和7.60%,透明度分别比围隔外水体和未移栽水生植物围隔水体高74.59%和8.70%,浮游植物生物量也大大低于围隔外,而浮游动物生物量却明显高于后者.此外,实验后移栽水生植物围隔内沉积物氮、磷含量及其间隙水总氮、总磷、铵态氮浓度明显低于围隔外和未移栽水生植物围隔.研究表明,在富营养化浅水湖泊中通过建立围隔进行合理的群落配置,进而逐步恢复水生植物是完全可行的,而水生植物恢复后加强对其管理和维护至关重要.  相似文献   

大通湖及东洞庭湖区生物体重金属的水平及其生态评价   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

祝云龙  姜加虎  黄群  孙占东  王红娟 《湖泊科学》2007,19(6):690-697

于2005年11月采集了大通湖及东洞庭湖区湖水和水生生物样品,并测定了水和水生生物样品中重金属(Cd、Pb、Hg、As)的含量,并对湖区生物体重金属进行了污染评价.研究结果表明,大通湖及东洞庭湖区湖水中重金属含量较小,绝大部分采样点水质都属于国家Ⅰ类水标准;水生生物体内CD、Pb含量为虾＞螺＞鱼,Hg的含量为鱼＞螺＞虾,As的含量为螺＞虾＞鱼;而鱼类重金属含量则为底栖鱼类＞中上层鱼类,肉食性鱼类＞植食性鱼类.大通湖及东洞庭湖区生物体中CD、Pb的污染指数为虾＞螺＞鱼,Hg的污染指数则为鱼＞螺＞虾,As的污染指数则为螺＞虾＞鱼.  相似文献   

Toxicity studies of elemental sulfur in marine sediments     

Monika Cieszynska-Semenowicz  Justyna Rogowska  Wojciech Ratajczyk  Joanna Ratajczyk  Lidia Wolska 《国际泥沙研究》2018,33(2):191-197

Elemental sulfur(ES) is a component essential for proper development of animals, but it can be toxic for aquatic organisms. The objectives of the study reported here included determination of ES concentrations in sediment collected in the area of the Gulf of Gdansk(Baltic Sea) and search for the possible correlations with the ecotoxicity results. Sediment samples were collected from four locations: the Vistula River mouth, in the Port Basin, in the area of discharge of the treated wastewater from the Wastewater Treatment Plant(WWTP) and in the area of the sunken World War Ⅱ s/s 'Stuttgart' shipwreck. The levels of elemental sulfur were determined using a gas chromatograph coupled with a mass spectrometer(GC-MS). Toxicity of marine sediment samples was estimated for three biotest organisms-bioluminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri, crustacean Heterocypris incongruens, and Synapis alba plant. The highest toxicity of sediments for all indicator organisms was observed in samples taken at the place of the shipwreck(2-100%). The same samples had a high sulfur content(16.7-143.2 μg/g dry weight(d.w.))therefore, it was decided to investigate whether the presence of ES in the sediment in the studied area can have an impact on the results of the ecotoxicity determination in real samples. However, the removal of sulfur from the samples resulted in no significant changes in the level of toxicity of the samples. In this research it could not be confirmed that the presence of elemental sulfur is the only factor responsible for the observed sediment toxicity. It seems that other compounds or their mixtures present in the sediment may have a significant influence on the results obtained.  相似文献