Effects of FPOM size and quality on aquatic heterotrophic bacteria     

《Limnologica》2016

Mechanical and biological processing in aquatic systems converts coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) into fine particulate organic matter (FPOM). Other sources of particles with different size classes include flocculated dissolved matter, algae and soil particles. The relative magnitudes of these inputs are influenced by the degree of allochthony of a lake or stream. The size-reactivity hypothesis, formulated for dissolved organic matter, postulates that bacterial degradation rates are higher with high-molecular-weight fractions than with low-molecular-weight fractions. In this study, we investigated the effect of particle size on degradation of POM and on freshwater bacterial communities. We generated leaf-derived particle size classes of the same age (same diagenesis status) but differing in quality (maple and beech leaves). Contrary to our expectations, we found a strong effect of particle size and no significant effect of substrate quality on community respiration which decreased at smaller particle size, on C:N ratios which declined with particle size, and on δ¹⁵ N which showed a decreasing trend (though not significant) at smaller particle size in beech leaves. By contrast, bacterial community structure and ∂¹³C values responded mainly to particle quality. Bacterial biomass, estimated by qPCR, was affected by complex interactions between particle size and quality. These findings open an unanticipated perspective on the size-reactivity hypothesis for particulate organic matter.  相似文献   

Measuring ecological change of aquatic macrophytes in Mediterranean rivers   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ian Dodkins  Francisca AguiarRui Rivaes  António AlbuquerquePatricia Rodríguez-González  Maria Teresa Ferreira 《Limnologica》2012,42(2):95-107

A metric was developed for assessing anthropogenic impacts on aquatic macrophyte ecology by scoring macrophyte species along the main gradient of community change. A measure of ecological quality was then calculated by Weighted Averaging (WA) of these species scores at a monitoring site, and comparison to a reference condition score. This metric was used to illustrate the difficulties of developing aquatic macrophyte indices based on indicator species in Mediterranean rivers. The response of the metric to a nutrient gradient was examined within two different river typologies: the national typology designed for the Water Framework Directive and a typology that segregates the environmental variables to produce maximum species similarity within a river type. Both typologies showed the strong north-south climatic divide in Portugal, with southern rivers having long periods without rainfall and often without flowing water in the summer. Overall, the metric responded well to nutrient impacts however it performed poorly in some southern lowland river types. This was thought to be due to low numbers of aquatic macrophytes in temporary rivers. Non-aquatic species that establish in the river channel of temporary rivers may have to be included in indices to improve performance. Also, simple Weighted Averaging (WA) metrics may be insensitive to abundance changes and loss of rarer indicators in lowland Mediterranean rivers. More sophisticated methods of using WA are suggested, as well as further research into developing assessment methods specific to the character of Mediterranean rivers.  相似文献   

舟山朱家尖海域污损生物的分布特征及其与环境因子的关系   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王晓波  龙绍桥  何东海  魏永杰  杨耀芳  杨元利 《海洋学研究》2012,30(1):41-50

根据2007年3月至2008年2月在舟山朱家尖蜈蚣客运码头进行的污损生物挂板试验,对该海域污损生物的种类组成、附着季节、生物量分布及生态特点进行了初步研究。结果表明:该海域共鉴定出污损生物85种,其中,藻类13种,腔肠动物13种,苔藓虫4种,多毛类12种,软体动物8种,甲壳类22种和其它13种。优势种为中胚花筒螅Tubularia mesembryanthemum、泥藤壶Balanus uliginosus、白脊藤壶Balanus albicostatus、僧帽牡蛎Saccostrea cucullata、近江牡蛎Crassostrea rivularis、马尔他钩虾Melita sp.、圆鳃麦杆虫Caprella acutifrons、长鳃麦杆虫C.equilibra和盘管虫Hydroides sp.。朱家尖海域全年都有污损生物繁殖附着,其中6—10月为附着盛期,表层和中层月板生物量的高峰值均出现在7月,最低值分别出现在2月和1月,表层月板全年附着总生物量为2 006.1g/m2,月平均生物量为167.18g/m2;中层月板全年附着总生物量为2 388.15g/m2,月平均生物量为199.01g/m2;季度板污损生物生物量按高低依次为:夏季>秋季>春季>冬季;上半年板污损生物的生物量>下半年板。在垂直分布上,除季度板外,其它试板的生物量和附着密度均为中层>表层。根据污损生物的生态习性、分布特征及对盐度的适应,可将舟山朱家尖海域主要污损生物定义为河口低盐种。水温是影响调查海域污损生物分布的主要因素,水体盐度则对朱家尖海域污损生物的种类及指标种分布具有决定性作用。  相似文献   

Laboratory analyses of nutrient release processes from Haihe River sediment   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Min WU  Xue-ming SUN  Sui-liang HUANG  Xian-qiang TANG  Miklas SCHOLZ 《国际泥沙研究》2012,27(1):61-72

Sediment samples were collected from the heavily contaminated Haihe River to conduct static nutrient release experiments with tap water,and to evaluate the effect of dredging depths,salinity and light ...  相似文献   

Weathering of granite in Antarctica: I. Light penetration into rock and implications for rock weathering and endolithic communities     

Kevin Hall  Mauro Guglielmin  Andrea Strini 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2008,33(2):295-307

Where rocks are composed of translucent minerals, light penetrates the rock and, in so doing, impacts on the thermal conditions. Where minerals are not translucent all the heat transformation must be at the rock surface, and steep thermal gradients can occur. Where light does penetrate, a component of the incoming radiation is transformed to heat at differing depths within the rock, thereby decreasing the thermal gradient. Equally, light transmissive minerals facilitate endolithic communities, which can also play a role in rock weathering. The attribute of light transmission within rock and the impact this has on the resulting thermal conditions has not been considered within rock weathering studies. An attempt was made to monitor the amount of light penetrating the outer 2 mm of coarse granite under Antarctic summer conditions and to evaluate the thermal impact of this. It was found that the amount of light penetration at this site exceeded modeled or postulated values from biological studies and that it could significantly impact the thermal conditions within the outer shell of the rock. Although the resulting data highlighted a number of flaws in the experimental procedure, sufficient information was generated to provide the first assessment of the range of thermal responses due to light transmissive minerals in rock. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Habitat suitability modelling as a mapping tool for macrobenthic communities: An example from the Belgian part of the North Sea     

S. Degraer  E. Verfaillie  W. Willems  E. Adriaens  M. Vincx  V. Van Lancker 《Continental Shelf Research》2008

Being ecologically important and well-known, the spatial distribution pattern of the macrobenthos is often used to support an ecologically sustainable marine management. Though in many cases the macrobenthic spatial distribution is relatively well-known, this information is merely restricted to point observations at the sampling stations: although being increasingly demanded, full coverage spatial distribution maps are generally lacking. This study therefore aimed at demonstrating the usefulness of habitat suitability modelling as a full coverage mapping tool with high relevance for marine management through (1) the construction of a habitat suitability model for the soft sediment macrobenthic communities in the Belgian part of the North Sea (BPNS) and (2) predicting the full coverage spatial distribution of macrobenthic communities within the BPNS. The BPNS was selected as a case study area because of the high data availability on both macrobenthos and environmental characteristics. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) objectively selected median grain size and sediment mud content and omitted bathymetry, slope and distance to the coast to represent the most important environmental variables determining the macrobenthic community distribution. The consequent crossvalidated, empirical habitat suitability model, using both median grain size and mud content, showed an a posteriori average correctly classified instances (CCI) of 79% (community-dependent CCI ranging from 72% to 86%) and a Cohen's kappa of 0.71, pointing towards a very good agreement between model predictions and observations. The application of the habitat suitability model on the full coverage maps of median grain size and sediment mud content, taken from literature, allowed to reliably assess the distribution of the macrobenthic communities within 96.3% of the 53,297 BPNS grid cells with a resolution of 250 m. Next to its applicability to the BPNS, the model is further anticipated to potentially perform well in the full Southern Bight of the North Sea: testing is advised here. Since the habitat suitability is considered far more stable through time compared to the permanently fluctuating macrobenthic communities, information on the habitat suitability of an area is considered highly important for a scientifically sound marine management.  相似文献   

Mapping and characterisation of the inter-reefal benthic assemblages of the Torres Strait     

M.D.E. Haywood  C.R. Pitcher  N. Ellis  T.J. Wassenberg  G. Smith  K. Forcey  I. McLeod  A. Carter  C. Strickland  R. Coles 《Continental Shelf Research》2008

  相似文献   

Large and growing environmental reservoirs of Deca-BDE present an emerging health risk for fish and marine mammals   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ross PS  Couillard CM  Ikonomou MG  Johannessen SC  Lebeuf M  Macdonald RW  Tomy GT 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(1):7-10

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been the subject of intense scientific and regulatory scrutiny during recent years. Of the three commercial forms (Penta, Octa and Deca) of PBDEs that have been widely used as flame retardants in textiles, furniture upholstery, plastics, and electronics, only Deca-BDE remains on the general market in North America, while a recent ruling of the European Court spells an impending end to its use in Europe. We review here highlights of aquatic research documenting the rapid emergence of PBDEs as a high priority environmental concern in Canada. PBDEs are being introduced in large quantities to the aquatic environment through sewage discharge and atmospheric deposition. In certain environmental compartments, the single congener BDE-209, the main ingredient in the Deca-BDE formulation, has surpassed the legacy PCBs and DDT as the top contaminant by concentration. Limited biomagnification of BDE-209 in aquatic food webs reflects its high log K_ow and preferential partitioning into the particle phase. As a result, large environmental reservoirs of BDE-209 are being created in sediments, and these may present a long-term threat to biota: BDE-209 breaks down into more persistent, more bioaccumulative, more toxic, and more mobile PBDE congeners in the environment.  相似文献   

Seabirds as indicators of aquatic ecosystem conditions: A case for gathering multiple proxies of seabird health     

Mark L. Mallory  Stacey A. Robinson  Mark R. Forbes 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(1):7-12

The use of seabirds as sentinels of the condition of aquatic ecosystems has been well-established. Large environmental perturbations to aquatic food webs (e.g., chemical contamination, overfishing, particulate pollution) have all been detected or monitored by tracking seabirds at colonies. However, seabirds may elicit more subtle, sublethal responses that can also be used to track ecosystem health, or the health of seabird populations. In this article, we advocate for field researchers to plan a priori to collect a broader suite of samples when handling seabirds, and to reach out for collaboration with specialists (e.g., parasitologists, wildlife veterinarians). Collectively, such efforts will greatly improve our ability to establish baseline physiological and chemical levels for seabirds, against which we can detect future changes in aquatic ecosystems.  相似文献   

滕州湿地水生维管植物群落调查和保护利用     

牛广瀑  杨家干  孔德娥  孙厚霞  孙华梅 《湿地科学与管理》2010,6(3):28-31

调查记载了滕州湿地挺水植物群落、浮水植物群落、浮叶根生植物群落、沉水植物群落等4大类典型水生维管植物群落,其中包括芦苇群落、香蒲群落、菰群落、豆瓣菜群落、水苦荬群落、酸模叶蓼群落、空心莲子菜群落、浮萍群落、紫萍群落、水鳖群落、槐叶萍群落、莲群落、莕菜群落、睡莲群落、眼子菜群落、菱群落、芡群落、菹草群落、水毛茛群落、马来眼子菜+穿叶眼子菜群落、狐尾藻群落等21种群落类型,群落的组成以世界广布的植物为主,其次为暖温带性质的种类。同时对水生维管植物群落的生态价值、人类干扰及保护和利用等方面进行了讨论。  相似文献