人类牙齿表面痕迹与人类生存适应及行为特征——湖北郧西黄龙洞更新世晚期人类牙齿使用痕迹   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

刘武  武仙竹  吴秀杰  裴树文 《第四纪研究》2008,28(6):1014-1022

人类为获取食物和满足其他需求而使用牙齿从事的各类非咀嚼性活动在牙齿表面形成使用痕迹。牙齿使用痕迹与古人类的行为特征关系密切,记录了丰富的古人类生存环境、食物构成、获取食物的方式、行为模式及生活习俗等方面的信息。对黄龙洞更新世晚期人类牙齿的观察发现:黄龙洞人类前部牙齿表面具有釉质破损与崩裂、齿冠唇面破损、齿间邻接面沟3种类型的使用痕迹。根据这些牙齿使用痕迹的分布和表现特点,推测生活在黄龙洞的更新世晚期人类经常使用前部牙齿从事啃咬、叼衔、或剥离坚韧的食物或非食物物品等活动,并可能将前部牙齿作为工具使用;齿间邻接面沟提示当时人类经常从事剔牙活动。结合已经在黄龙洞发现的其他人类活动证据,我们认为当时人类可能从事狩猎活动,食物构成中包含有较多的肉类及粗纤维植物。  相似文献   

Development of an online analyzer of atmospheric H₂O₂ and several organic hydroperoxides for field campaigns     

S. Franois  I. Sowka  A. Monod  B. Temime-Roussel  J.M. Laugier  H. Wortham 《Atmospheric Research》2005,74(1-4):525-545

An online automated instrument was developed for atmospheric measurements of hydroperoxides with separation and quantification of H₂O₂ and several organic hydroperoxides. Samples were trapped in aqueous solutions in a scrubbing glass coil. Analyses were performed on an HPLC column followed by para-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (POPHA) acetic acid and peroxidase derivatization and fluorescence detection. Analytical and sampling tests were performed on different parameters to obtain optimum signal-to-noise ratios, high resolution and collection efficiencies higher than 95% for H₂O₂ and organic hydroperoxides. The obtained performances show large improvements compared to previous studies. The sampling and analytical devices can be coupled providing an online analyzer. The device was used during two field campaigns in the Marseilles area in June 2001 (offline analyzer) and in July 2002 (online analyzer) at rural sites at low and high altitudes, respectively, during the ESCOMPTE and BOND campaigns. During the ESCOMPTE campaign, H₂O₂ was detected occasionally, and no organic hydroperoxides was observed. During the BOND campaign, substantial amounts of H₂O₂ and 1−HEHP+MHP were often detected, and two other organic hydroperoxides were occasionally detected. These observations are discussed.  相似文献   

流域水系自动提取在西苕溪流域的应用   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

李昌峰  赵锐 《热带地理》2003,23(4):319-323

论述了如何基于栅格DEM自动提取流域自然水系的原理、方法和流程.以西苕溪中上游流域为例,根据DEM精度、上游集水区面积阈值和下垫面地形的不同,对所提取水系进行了比较.针对在平均地形坡度小于3°的平坦区域所提取水系与实际河网偏差较大的问题,提出了利用主干河道和平原水系数字化作为约束条件生成河网的新方法.  相似文献   

基于S变换和瞬时旅行时属性的自动初至拾取方法研究     

陈常乐  刘财  胡婷  刘洋 《世界地质》2015,34(1):219-225

地震波走时拾取是地震资料前期处理过程中的一个重要步骤,同时也是后期层析成像方法中计算速度的重要依据。本文提出了一种新的自动初至拾取的方法,利用地震信号的瞬时旅行时属性进行地震波自动初至拾取,瞬时旅行时属性的计算包括两个独立但相关联的部分,首先通过S变换将地震信号转换到时频域,然后利用映射算子将时频域表征映像回时间域得到瞬时旅行时,从而实现自动拾取初至。理论模型和实际地震资料处理的结果表明,该方法可以有效地拾取地震波初至时间。  相似文献   

高频GNSS资料的强震震相识别与震中确定     

林牧  杨少敏  刘刚  黄勇 《大地测量与地球动力学》2016,36(4):364-367

利用2011日本东北Mw9.0地震和2008汶川Mw7.9地震若干台站的高频（1 Hz）GNSS观测资料,通过精密单点定位方法解算出地震发生时的位移形变波形。对位移波形一阶差分得到震时高频GNSS速度时间序列,采用S变换谱的方法对该速度时序进行地震波到时的拾取,即震相识别。将地震波拾取结果用于震中位置和发震时刻反演,并与美国地质调查局USGS公布的资料对比。结果发现,两者日本地震震中位置相差约16 km,发震时刻相差约0.7 s;汶川地震震中相差约4 km,发震时刻相差约0.4 s。  相似文献   

安徽气枪实验固定台层析成像初步结果   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

张云鹏  王宝善  王伟涛  徐逸鹤 《中国地震研究》2016,30(3):405-417

为探索气枪震源在探测区域性地壳结构中的应用, 2015年10月10～20日在长江马鞍山-安庆段开展气枪流动激发实验（安徽实验）,在20个固定点定点激发2973炮,中间流动激发1872炮,由周边109个固定台、700个流动台（包括11条测线）进行接收。为获取郯庐断裂带南端较为精细的地壳速度结构,本文利用安徽气枪实验中采集到的固定台数据进行初至P波震相拾取,对20个气枪源、52个台站、335个震相进行体波层析成像,验证了利用气枪震源进行体波层析成像的可行性,并得到了P波速度结构的一些初步结果：①利用大容量气枪震源可进行三维体波层析成像;②15km深度的成像结果显示出大区域高低速异常区的清晰轮廓,即从研究区中心向外整体呈现出低-超低-低-高的分布特征,与地质构造背景相关,具有显著的横向不均匀性;③秦岭-大别造山带显示出高速异常,与其深部超高压变质岩相对应,而长江中下游地区整体呈现低速异常,与其特殊的成矿背景相对应。  相似文献   

Capacitive sensing technique for silt suspended sediment concentration monitoring     

Yin-Sung HSU Chi-ma WEI Yuan-Chi TING Shih-Yi YUAN Chia-Ling CHANG Kao-Chung CHANG 《国际泥沙研究》2010,25(2):175-184

Automated, real-time, and continuous techniques for monitoring suspended sediment concentration in rivers and reservoirs can play an important role in the improvement of the quantity and quality of sediment data, and are valuable to the management of water environment, water conservancy, hazard prevention, and water resources. Research in the monitoring techniques has examined the possibility of using the characteristics of dielectric constants for detecting soil moisture and concentration of air-water two-phase flow, based on the fact that dielectric constants of sediment, air and water are different. A capacitance sensor was developed to monitor the silt suspended sediment concentration (SSSC) in a recent study, following the principle that as SSSC increases in the sediment-water mixture, the apparent dielectric constant of the water sample also increases and therefore the capacitance detected by the sensing system also increases. It is demonstrated that the variations in the concentration of silt sediment correlates positively with the variations in observed capacitance in a linear fashion, and correlates negatively with voltage outputs but also in a linear fashion. The correlation coefficients reached above 0.98. The overall errors in estimated concentrations range between 0.26% and 2.91%. Elements in the capacitance sensor system such as the frequencies of the signal generating system, areas of the electrode plates, and effects of sample temperature have also been evaluated. The results illustrated that the capacitance sensor techniques can be applied to monitoring SSSC automatically and continuously. Also, the range of SSSC in the experiment reached 200 kg/m³; therefore, the application of this technique in practical SSSC monitoring is worthy of further research.  相似文献   

岩石超声检测信号初至的AIC自动拾取方法     

朱维  吴何珍 《CT理论与应用研究》2015,24(2):225-238

岩石超声检测中最重要的一个环节是初至的拾取,然而该项工作往往费时费力,拾取精度受人为因素影响较大。为提高声波速度检测、声发射定位、以及超声层析成像的应用效率和精度,本研究将地震学中应用比较广泛的AIC初至自动提取技术引入到岩石超声检测中,并进行了适当改进。利用改进前后的AIC方法,自动拾取仿真信号和实际信号的初至,并利用长短时窗比方法(STA/LTA)和手动方法拾取了初至,同时分别与设定的实际初至进行对比。根据实验结果,对于信噪比较低的信号AIC方法要优于STA/LTA方法;改进前的AIC方法适用于起跳干脆、幅度变化大的信号,而改进后的AIC方法则适用于起跳较平缓的信号,且拾取到的初至与手动拾取的初至更加接近。   相似文献   

点状要素群的结构化及其在综合中的应用     

郭庆胜 《测绘学院学报》1999,(3)

点状要素群是地图综合过程中必须处理的信息,文中分析了已有的点状要素群的分类方法,结合地图综合的特点,提出了一种改进的考虑点状要素群同其它要素关系的分类方法,通过建立点状要素群外轮廓线的方法结构化点状要素群,并用于点状要素的选取。  相似文献   

USTC-Pickers: a Unified Set of seismic phase pickers Transfer learned for China          下载免费PDF全文

Jun Zhu  Zefeng Li  Lihua Fang 《地震科学（英文版）》2023,36(2):95-112

Current popular deep learning seismic phase pickers like PhaseNet and EQTransformer suffer from performance drop in China. To mitigate this problem, we build a unified set of customized seismic phase pickers for different levels of use in China. We first train a base picker with the recently released DiTing dataset using the same U-Net architecture as PhaseNet. This base picker significantly outperforms the original PhaseNet and is generally suitable for entire China. Then, using different subsets of the DiTing data, we fine-tune the base picker to better adapt to different regions. In total, we provide 5 pickers for major tectonic blocks in China, 33 pickers for provincial-level administrative regions, and 2 special pickers for the Capital area and the China Seismic Experimental Site. These pickers show improved performance in respective regions which they are customized for. They can be either directly integrated into national or regional seismic network operation or used as base models for further refinement for specific datasets. We anticipate that this picker set will facilitate earthquake monitoring in China.  相似文献