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61.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2019,10(6):2177-2188
Colloform pyrite with core-rim texture is commonly deposited in carbonate platforms associated with the sulfide ores such as the Caixiashan Pb-Zn deposit.However,the genesis of colloform pyrite in Pb-Zn deposits,its growth controls and their geological implication are insufficiently understood.Integration of in-situ trace element and SIMS sulfur isotopes has revealed geochemical variations among these pyrite layers.These colloform pyrite occur as residual phases of core-rim aggregates,the cores are made up of very fine-grained anhedral pyrite particles,with some rims being made up of fine-grained and poorlycrystallized pyrite,while the other rims were featured with euhedral cubic pyrite.which are cemented by fine-grained calcite and/or dolomite with minor quartz.Sulfur isotope analysis shows that some wellpreserved rims have negative δ~(34)S values(-28.12‰to-0.49‰),whereas most of the cores and rims have positive δ~(34)S values(0 to+44.28‰;peak at+14.91‰).Integrating with the methane and sulfate were observed in previous fluid inclusion study,we suggest that the ~(34)S depleted rims were initially formed by bacteria sulfate reduction(BSR),whereas the positive δ~(34)S values were resulted from the sulfate reduction driven by anaerobic methane oxidation(AOM).The well-developed authigenic pyrite and calcite may also support the reaction of AOM.Combined with petrographic observations,trace element composition of the colloform pyrite reveals the incorporation and precipitation behavior of those high abundance elements in the pyrite:Pb and Zn were present as mineral inclusion and likely precipitated before Fe,as supported by the time-resolved Pb-Zn signal spikes in most of the analyzed pyrite grains.Other metals,such as Hg,Co and Ni,may have migrated as chloride complexes and entered the pyrite lattice.Arsenic and Sb,generally influenced by complex-forming reactions rather than substitution ones,could also enter the pyrite lattice,or slightly predate the precipitation of colloform pyrite as mineral inclusions,which are controlled by their hydrolysis constant in the ore fluids.The colloform pyrite may have grown inward from the rims.The successive BSR reaction process would enrich H_2~(32)S in the overlying water column but reduce the metal content,the nucleation of these pyrite rims was featured by strongly negative sulfur isotopes.The following AOM process should be activated by deformation like the turbidity sediment of the mudstone as the sulfide deposition are associated with fault activities that caused the emission of methane migration upward and simultaneously replenishing the metal in the column.The higher AOM reaction rate and the higher metal supply(not only Fe.but with minor other metals such as Pb and Zn) caused by sediment movement enhanced the metal concentration within the pyrite lattice. 相似文献
62.
随着南海北部陆坡天然气水合物勘探工作的深入开展,在南海北部陆坡天然气水合物勘探区典型的集中了钻孔、探针和BSR三种测量方式获得的热流数据.为了解海底热流不同测量方式的差异,以及南海北部陆坡水合物勘探区的热流特征,文章以SH-2和SH-5孔作为典型站位,分别介绍三种热流测量方法并对两个站位的不同类型热流进行对比分析,结果表明:(1)在SH-2孔处探针热流与钻孔热流基本一致,但在SH-5孔处探针热流明显低于钻孔热流;采用钻孔实测沉积物平均热导率计算的SH-2和SH-5两个站位处的BSR热流都与相应钻孔热流基本一致.(2)根据地震剖面及相邻位置探针热流特征分析,SH-5站位处探针热流明显偏低,可能是受到流体活动的影响.(3)相对SH-2孔,SH-5孔具有较高的地温梯度和热流特征,可能是SH-5钻孔未钻到水合物的重要原因,而晚期泥底辟侵入可能是造成SH-5孔具有较高的温度场并导致原本赋存的水合物分解的原因. 相似文献
63.
地球物理技术在天然气水合物预测中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Based on the sensitivity of geophysical response to gas hydrates contained in sediments, we studied the prediction of gas hydrates with seismic techniques, including seismic attributes analysis, AVO, inverted velocity field construction for dipping formations, and pseudo-well constrained impedance inversion. We used an optimal integration of geophysical techniques results in a set of reliable and effective workflows to predict gas hydrates. The results show that the integrated analysis of the combination of reflectivity amplitude, instantaneous phase, interval velocity, relative impedance, absolute impedance, and AVO intercept is a valid combination of techniques for identifying the BSR （Bottom Simulated Reflector） from the lower boundary of the gas hydrates. Integration of seismic sections, relative and absolute impedance sections, and interval velocity sections can improve the validity of gas hydrates determination. The combination of instantaneous frequency, energy half attenuation time, interval velocity, AVO intercept, AVO product, and AVO fluid factor accurately locates the escaped gas beneath the BSR. With these conclusions, the combined techniques have been used to successfully predict the gas hydrates in the Dongsha Sea area. 相似文献
64.
基于天然气水合物地震数据计算南海北部陆坡海底热流 总被引：24，自引：10，他引：14
天然气水合物是一种由水的冰晶格架及其间吸附的气体分子（以甲烷为主）组成的固态化合物,地震剖面上的似海底反射BSR是天然气水合物赋存的重要地球物理标志。相同气体成分水合物的相对稳定的温压关系是根据BSR的赋存深度计算海底热流的理论基础。选择南海北部陆坡有典型BSR反射的地震剖面,计算了南海北部陆坡天然气水合物发育区的压力、温度、地温梯度、热导率及热流等地热参数。通过计算热流值与实测热流值的对比可以大致推测,在南海北部陆坡海底运用该方法计算的热流值误差可能在12％以内。本研究不仅可以为海底热流等理论研究提供一定信度的数据资料,而且通过实测热流值校正后的热流数据以及经验公式,可以反过来用于BSR深度的计算以及天然气水合物稳定域的预测,具有重要的实践意义。 相似文献
65.
66.
天然气水合物研究中的AVA方法分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用多相介质弹性模量理论并补充了不同情况下的密度计算公式,选取适当的参数,模拟了含水合物沉积物和含游离气体沉积物的地震波速度和泊松比随孔隙度和饱和度的变化规律,并进行了深入分析。通过与完整公式的对比,对AVA常用的反射系数近似计算式的精度进行了讨论,同时分析了地震波速度、泊松比、密度等参数对于BSR反射系数的不同贡献。 相似文献
67.
The water depth in Nansha(南沙) waters,which is located in the southern South China Sea,varies from 200 to 2 500 m,with a deep-water(>500 m) area of 500 000 km2.In this region,there are many depositional basins with various structural features,prone to the accumulation of organic material.The temperature and pressure conditions in the deep-water environment are suitable for the preservation of gas hydrate.At several sites,we have recognized bottom-simulating reflectors(BSRs) from seismic data.Regional geology... 相似文献
68.
The Relationship between Tectonic Subsidence and BSR of Upper Neogene in the Deep-Water Area of the Northern Continental Slope, South China Sea 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
YU Xinghe WANG Jianzhong LI Shengli FANG Jingnan JIANG Longyan CONG Xiaorong LIANG Jinqiang SHA Zhibin 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(3):804-818
BSR (Bottom Simulating Reflector) occurs widely in the strata since the late Miocene in the deep-water area of the northern continental slope of South China Sea (SCS). It is an important seismic reference mark which identifies the gas hydrate and its distribution influenced by the tectonic movements. Single-point basin modeling was conducted using 473 points in the study area. To discuss the relationships between the tectonic subsidence and BSR, the volume and rate of tectonic subsidence in each geological time have been simulated. The results show that there are three tectonic accelerate subsidence processes in the study area since the late Miocene, especially since 1.8Ma the tectonic subsidence accelerates more apparently. Since the Late Miocene to Pleistocene, the rate of tectonic subsidence in deep-water underwent a transformation from weak to strong. The ratio of tectonic subsidence to the total subsidence was relatively high (65-70%). Through the superposition of the BSR developed areas and the contours of tectonic subsidence in this area, it was discovered that more than 80% of BSR tend to be distributed at the slope break or depression-uplift structural transfer zone and the average tectonic subsidence rate ranges from 70 m/Ma to 125 m/Ma. 相似文献
69.
冲绳海槽天然气水合物稳定带特征及资源量评价 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
根据冲绳海槽多道地震资料的处理解释,在16条地震剖面上发现了水合物似海底反射层BSR,经过AVO、波形反演等特殊的处理技术,首次直接利用BSR圈定了冲绳海槽天然气水合物的具体分布范围,直接利用数据得出了天然气水合物稳定带厚度在冲绳海槽的分布趋势,认为海槽南部最厚,中部次之,北部最薄,并通过计算得出了冲绳海槽水合物稳定带的厚度和水合物资源量,对今后海槽水合物勘查和资源量评价具有一定的指导意义. 相似文献
70.
The most commonly used marker for the investigation of gas-hydrates is the bottom simulating reflector (BSR), which is caused
by gas-hydrate laden sediment underlain by either brine or gas-saturated sediment. A BSR has been identified by seismic experiment
in the Kerala-Konkan Basin of the western continental margin of India. Here we perform AVA modeling of seismic reflection
data from a BSR to investigate the seismic velocities for quantitative assessment of gas-hydrates and to understand the origin
of the BSR. The result reveals a P-wave velocity of 2.245 km/s and an S-wave velocity of 0.895 km/s for the sediments above the BSR. This corresponds to a Poisson ratio of 0.406 and hydrates saturation
of ∼30% in the study area. The comparison of estimated P-wave velocity (1.77 km/s) above the hydrates-bearing sediment to that (1.78 km/s) below the BSR implies that the origin of
the BSR is mainly due to gas-hydrates, as the presence (even in small quantities) of free-gas reduces the P-wave velocity considerably. 相似文献