共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
ZhangYuwen LiuXuewei YaoChangli 《应用地球物理》2005,2(1):7-13,i001
Gas hydrate is gradually considered as a potential energy resource. The presence of gas hydrate is commonly inferred from the appearance of “bottom simulating reflector”(BSR) on seismic section. Understanding the properties of hydrate-bearing sediments and studying the AVO characteristics of BSR are of great significance. Although more and more domestic and international studies have been conducted on the subjects mentioned above, they are still in the primary stage and need a long way to go to be appled in practice, especially in the field of gas hydrate. Aiming at the identification of gas hydrate, we studied the characteristics of the AVO attributes based on the Biot‘s theory when the sediments were bearing gas hydrate or free gas. The AVO attribute crossplots obtained from seismic sections with the forward simulation by means of staggered-grid finite-difference were compared with that of theoretic models. The coincidence shows that utilization of AVO attribute crossplots is an effective way to recognize gas hydrate and free gas. 相似文献
2.
In the seismic analysis and design of structures, the true velocity and absolute acceleration are usually approximated by their corresponding pseudo-values. This approach is simple and works well for structures with small damping (say, less than 15%). When the damping of a structure is enhanced for the purpose of response reduction, it may result in large analysis and design errors. Based on theory of random vibration and the established mechanism of seismic response spectra analysis, a method is developed (1) to predict the relative velocity spectra with any damping ratio level directly from the 5% standard pseudo-acceleration spectrum; and (2) to estimate the peak absolute acceleration. The accuracy of both is validated by using two selected ensembles of ground motion records. 相似文献
3.
Rock physics modeling of heterogeneous carbonatereservoirs： porosity estimation and hydrocarbon detection 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Hao Yu Jing Ba Jose Carcione Jin-Song Li Gang Tang Xing-Yang Zhang Xin-Zhen He Hua Ouyang 《应用地球物理》2014,11(1):9-22
In heterogeneous natural gas reservoirs, gas is generally present as small patch-like pockets embedded in the water-saturated host matrix. This type of heterogeneity, alsocalled ＂patchy saturation＂, causes significant seismic velocity dispersion and attenuation. Toestablish the relation between seismic response and type of fluids, we designed a rock physicsmodel for carbonates. First, we performed CT scanning and analysis of the fluid distributionin the partially saturated rocks. Then, we predicted the quantitative relation between the waveresponse at different frequency ranges and the basic lithological properties and pore fluids.A rock physics template was constructed based on thin section analysis of pore structuresand seismic inversion. This approach was applied to the limestone gas reservoirs of the rightbank block of the Amu Darya River. Based on poststack wave impedance and prestack elasticparameter inversions, the seismic data were used to estimate rock porosity and gas saturation.The model results were in ~ood a~reement with the production regime of the wells. 相似文献
4.
The Vrancea subcrustal earthquakes of August 30,1986 and May 30,1990 are the two most recent seismic events that have occurred in Romania with moment magnitudes M W ≥ 6.9.The spectral analysis of the strong ground motions recorded in Bucharest reveals that despite small differences in magnitude between the 1986 and 1990 earthquakes,their frequency contents are very different,sometimes even opposing.The main focus of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the response spectra in terms of the bi-normalized response spectra(BNRS) proposed by Xu and Xie(2004 and 2007) for strong ground motions recorded in Bucharest during these two seismic events.The mean absolute acceleration and relative velocity response spectra for the two earthquakes are discussed and compared.Furthermore,the mean bi-normalized absolute acceleration and normalized relative velocity response spectra with respect to the control period T C are computed for the ground motions recorded in Bucharest in 1986 and 1990.The predominant period T P is also used in this study for the normalization of the spectral period axis.Subsequently,the methodology proposed by Martinez-Perreira and Bommer(1998) is applied in order to estimate the seismic intensity of the two events.The results are discussed and several conclusions regarding the possibility of using the bi-normalized response spectra(BNRS) are given. 相似文献
5.
河流相砂泥岩薄互层地震反射特征研究 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7
A sedimentary geological model is established in order to study the seismic reflection characteristics of channel sand bodies. Synthetic seismic shot gathers are simulated using the acoustic wave equation and then are prestack time migrated. On the imaged data, the reflection characteristics and instantaneous attributes are analyzed and log-constrained impedance inversion is tested. Because of wave field interference, the experimental results show that seismic events do not definitely correspond to the channel sand bodies and that seismic modes of occurrence do not represent the actual ones. The seismic events formed by wave interference may lead to errors and pitfalls in sand body interpretation. The corresponding relations between instantaneous seismic attributes and sedimentary sands are not well established. Log-constrained impedance inversion improves the resolution of channel sands. However, if the inverted resolution is forced to be too high, artifacts related to the initial model may occur. 相似文献
6.
According to the geological and seismic reflection data of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling (CCSD) main-hole (MH), and the anomalies of CH4, CO2, and He are correlated to the three-component seismic reflectors, especially in horizontal component profiles. However, the seismic response is dif-ficult to be explained as the porosity of crystalline rocks is only about 1% in well section where the gas anomalies occur. Seismic velocity measurement of the MH cores indicated that compared with wa-ter-saturated rock samples, seismic velocity (especially the S-wave) could be distinctly decreased by gas contained in tiny cracks despite of the low porosity, and then notable seismic response could be induced in gas-filled crystalline rocks. It could be predicated that if the porosity of certain rocks in the middle crust rose due to water-rock interaction and had natural gas filled, then there would be more probability for natural gas in top of the mid-crust to fill in the crystalline rocks with increased porosity. In such case, based on the decrease of Swave velocity in crystalline rocks, seismic method could be applied in the future to explore natural gas reservoirs in the middle crust. 相似文献
7.
8.
Many uncertainty factors need be dealt with in the prediction of seismic hazard for a 10-year period.Restricted by these uncertainties,the result of prediction is also uncertain to a certain extent,so the probabilistic analysis method of seismic hazard should be adopted.In consideration of the inhomogeneity of the time,location,and magnitude of future earthquakes and the probabilistic combination of the background of long-term seismic hazard(geology,geophysical field,etc.)and the precursors of earthquake occurrence,a model of probabilistic prediction of seismic hazard in a period of 10 years s proposed.Considering the inhomogeneity of data and earthquake precursors for different regions in China,a simplified model is also proposed in order to satisfy the needs of different regions around the country.A trial in North China is used to discuss the application of the model.The method proposed in this paper can be used in the probabilistic prediction of seismic hazard in a period of 10 years.According to the 相似文献
9.
Seismic array can be traced back to 1950s when it mainly aimed at detecting and distinguishing the signals of nuclear explosion and seismic signals. The research on seismic array includes seismic array techniques and applications of array in geophysics. Array techniques involve array design and data processing methods (Anne, 1990). Nowadays, the continuous development of seismic array(s theory could relate to many scientific issues in geophysical field (Tormod, 1989; Mykkeltveit, Bungum, 198… 相似文献
10.
HaoHongjian WangCaifu LiuYunxiang WeiYan LinCunguo 《应用地球物理》2003,6(1):87-91
Experience gained in many years proved that oil explorations were very difficult to complete with seismic methods only in seismic-unfeasible areas. The expected results in these places could only be obtained with the integrated geophysical surveys, the combination of gravity, electric, magnetic,geochemistry and seismic methods. The high-precision gravity,magnetic and electric techniques used in seismic-unfeasible areas in Qaidam Basin had achieved many astonishing results,which demonstrated a feasible way for oil exploration in Qaidam Basin and offered a basis for data interpretation in complex areas where seismic data was not able to acquire. 相似文献
11.
Amplitude versus offset (AVO) analysis is a conventional seismic exploration technique in geophysical and lithological interpretation and has been widely used in onshore and offshore exploration. Its use in marine gas hydrate research, however, is still in initial stages. In this study, AVO analysis is applied to seismic profiles at drilling sites where hydrate samples have been recovered. The AVO responses of free gas, bottom simulating reflector (BSRs), and gas hydrates are discussed, and the AVO attributes in relation to gas hydrates are summarized. The results show that changes in intercept, gradient, fluid factor and Poisson’s ratio clearly reflect: (i) location of free gas and the BSR, and (ii) spatial relations between blank zone, BSR, gas hydrate, and free gas. 相似文献
12.
对台湾西南海域增生楔部位长排列多道地震数据进行地震成像、速度分析、AVO分析、AVO反演处理,获得了天然气水合物多属性地震特征.在偏移剖面上,BSR与海底近似平行,极性与海底相反,穿越沉积层.AVO分析显示,强BSR振幅部位,BSR振幅随偏移距增大而增大.精细速度分析表明强BSR振幅下方存在纵波低速层.对应于强BSR振幅部位,AVO反演的P波、G波为相对高负值区,位于P、G交会图的第三象限,该部位泊松比变化率为负值,横波反射系数接近于零.以上多属性地震特征均预示着该区域可能存在天然气水合物层,且天然气水合物层下方可能存在游离甲烷气层. 相似文献
13.
海域天然气水合物的地震研究是在岩石物性分析成果的指导下，用地震技术进行真假BSR的识别和含水合物沉积层物性预测.海域天然气水合物地震研究的进展主要表现在：物性分析理论模型由简单模型发展到最大程度模拟实际情况的复杂模型；地震勘探方法已由常规的单道、多道地震发展到多频地震、高分辨率二维、三维地震和海底多分量地震；地震资料处理由常规处理发展到突出BSR特征的“三高”和叠前时间偏移处理；从利用速度、振幅结构研究识别天然气水合物发展到AVO、多属性判别、多弹性参数和多物性参数反演识别天然气水合物、预测其物性参数.这些新技术、新方法的应用，加快了海域天然气水合物调查进度，提高了天然气水合物地球物理识别的可靠性. 相似文献
14.
水合物地震属性研究的一个基本目标是水合物/游离气含量的估算. 这项工作的难度体现在地震反演具有多解性. 这项工作涉及到地震数据的精细处理、速度分析和BSR界面AVO分析等多个具体环节. 本文继承前人的有关成果，尝试进行了水合物/游离气含量估算方法的研究. 以区域地质、地震和化探等多元方法信息为基础，以定性推断BSR以及BSR界面AVO性质为导向，通过AVO正演模型方法，半定量（或定量）地估算BSR界面上与下地层中水合物/游离气（或水合物/水合物）的含量. 运用这种方法，结合海上有利于天然气水合物的E研究区某测线地震资料，尝试估算了BSR界面之上和之下介质中水合物/游离气的含量. 相似文献
15.
本文通过对东海973 航次在冲绳海槽取得的多道地震数据进行有针对性的特殊处理，形成一套针对天然气水合物地震学研究行之有效的处理思路，提高速度分析的精度和分辨能力，压制浅层多次波，资料在保持一定信噪比的基础上尽可能的提高分辨率，相对振幅处理以及用于AVO分析的预处理等.在此基础上对天然气水合物进行识别和预测，我们发现在冲绳海槽南部西侧槽坡附近以及海槽内部发育有一系列泥底辟构造，在这些底辟构造的顶部明显存在与天然气水合物赋存相关的地球物理特征，如似海底反射层（BSR）、与海底反射同相轴极性相反，BSR上方的振幅空白区以及BSR上下的速度异常.从该区域的地质背景资料分析，冲绳海槽不仅具有很高的沉积速率并且海槽西侧的断层活跃，提供了富含有机质的物源以及用于天然气运移的通道，有利于天然气水合物的形成. 相似文献
16.
利用地震、测井与地温资料综合分析了南海北部东沙海域可能存在的天然气水合物的分布特征.研究表明,在东沙海域地震剖面上出现似海底反射层、弱振幅带等天然气水合物分布标志,在声波测井曲线上呈现高速、速度倒转等天然气水合物存在特征.似海底反射层的深度与1144站位,及平均地温梯度资料得出的稳定带厚度较吻合.1144站位与1148站位似海底反射层距海底较深,分别为654m与475m.在1144站位附近,弱振幅带的顶界可能代表含天然气水合物沉积层的顶界,约在450m左右. 相似文献
17.
南海含天然气水合物地层地震反射特征及可能分布研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
天然气水合物是当前能源与环境领域的研究热点之一,南中国海是天然气水合物赋存的有利区域。天然气水合物的存在改变了沉积地层的声学特征,这一性质使多道地震勘探成为发现海洋天然气水合物的主要手段。本文首先根据地震成像结果定性分析南海可能含天然气水合物沉积地层的地震反射特征,初步确定天然气水合物存在的可能性并指出地震成像关键技术。在无井条件下,构建虚拟井进行波阻抗反演得到定量的地层速度参数进一步证实这一可能性,最后将反演获得的速度场与ODP184 航次在此区域获得的地球物理、地球化学信息综合分析,可以确定此区域天然气水合物的存在及其空间展布。 相似文献
18.
Amplitude variation with offset (AVO) analysis and waveform inversion are techniques used to determine qualitative or quantitative information on gas hydrates and free gas in sediments. However, the quantitative contribution of gas hydrates to the acoustic impedance contrast observed at the bottom‐simulating reflector and the reliability of quantitative AVO analyses are still topics of discussion. In this study, common‐midpoint gathers from multichannel wide‐angle reflection seismic data, acquired offshore Costa Rica, have been processed to preserve true amplitude information at the bottom‐simulating reflector for a quantitative AVO analysis incorporating angles of incidence of up to 60°. Corrections were applied for effects that significantly alter the observed amplitudes, such as the source directivity. AVO and rock‐physics modelling indicate that free gas immediately beneath the gas‐hydrate stability zone can be detected and low concentrations can be quantified from AVO analysis, whereas the offset‐dependent reflectivity is not sensitive to gas‐hydrate concentrations of less than about 10% at the base of the gas‐hydrate stability zone. Bulk free‐gas saturations up to 5% have been determined from the reflection seismic data assuming a homogeneous distribution of free gas in the sediment. Assuming a patchy distribution of free gas increases the estimated concentrations up to 14%. There is a patchy occurrence of bottom‐simulating reflectors south‐east of the Nicoya Peninsula on the continental margin, offshore Costa Rica. AVO analysis indicates that this phenomenon is related to the local presence of free gas beneath the gas‐hydrate stability zone, probably related to a focused vertical fluid flow. In areas without bottom‐simulating reflectors, the results indicate that no free gas is present. 相似文献
19.
已有的地质与地球物理信息表明南中国海北部陆坡神狐海域存在天然气水合物,2007年钻井和取样结果证实其以细颗粒均匀存在于水合物稳定带内,但区域分布范围极不规则.由于测井记录长度和取样深度的范围有限,天然气水合物垂向分布特征难以确定.为了深入了解此区域天然气水合物深度上的分布规律,对SH7井的多种测井数据进行综合分析并与地震反射特征建立联系,得到三个主要的沉积物性变化层位并以此为基础进行叠后数据的伪井约束反演,结果表明在已证实的含水合物层之下还存在高速层.而AVO叠前正演模拟分析结果与实际地震数据对比表明,研究区的天然气水合物稳定带可能由含水合物沉积物与饱水沉积物的薄互层组成,这就意味着在取样获得天然气水合物样品的深度之下,很可能存在另一个含水合物层. 相似文献
20.
天然气水合物(gas hydrates)作为一种新的潜在能源 是目前世界范围内研究的热点和难点之一。目前 普遍认为拟海底反射(简称BSR)是天然气水合物存 在的重要标志之一,但有关水合物的识别仍有很 多问题需要解决。例如世界各地已发现水合物的 例证表明在没有BSR的情况下仍然存在水合物,在 没有BSR的情况下如何识别水合物仍是没有解决 的研究课题。本文以天然气水合物的识别为研究 目的,以AVO属性交汇图为研究手段,通过双相介 质正演理论模型研究了当地层含有天然气水合物 或游离气时的AVO属性特征,并与由双相介质的 交错网格有限差分法得到的合成地震记录所反演 得出的AVO交汇图进行了对比,得到高度一致的 对比结果,表明利用AVO属性交汇图是识别天然 气水合物和游离气并能估测其含量的有效技术。 相似文献