Incorporating variable source area hydrology into a curve-number-based watershed model     

Elliot M. Schneiderman  Tammo S. Steenhuis  Dominique J. Thongs  Zachary M. Easton  Mark S. Zion  Andrew L. Neal  Guillermo F. Mendoza  M. Todd Walter 《水文研究》2007,21(25):3420-3430

Many water quality models use some form of the curve number (CN) equation developed by the Soil Conservation Service (SCS; U.S. Depart of Agriculture) to predict storm runoff from watersheds based on an infiltration-excess response to rainfall. However, in humid, well-vegetated areas with shallow soils, such as in the northeastern USA, the predominant runoff generating mechanism is saturation-excess on variable source areas (VSAs). We reconceptualized the SCS–CN equation for VSAs, and incorporated it into the General Watershed Loading Function (GWLF) model. The new version of GWLF, named the Variable Source Loading Function (VSLF) model, simulates the watershed runoff response to rainfall using the standard SCS–CN equation, but spatially distributes the runoff response according to a soil wetness index. We spatially validated VSLF runoff predictions and compared VSLF to GWLF for a subwatershed of the New York City Water Supply System. The spatial distribution of runoff from VSLF is more physically realistic than the estimates from GWLF. This has important consequences for water quality modeling, and for the use of models to evaluate and guide watershed management, because correctly predicting the coincidence of runoff generation and pollutant sources is critical to simulating non-point source (NPS) pollution transported by runoff. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Examining the relationship between wetland alteration and watershed flooding in Texas and Florida   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Samuel D. Brody  Wesley E. Highfield  Hyung-Cheal Ryu  Laura Spanel-Weber 《Natural Hazards》2007,40(2):413-428

Inland flooding remains one of the greatest threats to the safety of human population in the United States (US). While few large-scale studies exist, the potential role of naturally occurring wetlands in mitigating flood duration and intensity has been widely discussed. This study examines the relationship between wetland alteration and coastal watershed flooding in Texas and Florida over a 12-year period. Specifically, we geo-reference wetland alteration permits required under Section 404 of the US Clean Water Act and correlate the number of granted permits with the degree of flooding measured by stream gauge data. Results indicate that specific types of federal permits exacerbate flooding events in coastal watersheds while controlling for various environmental and socioeconomic characteristics.  相似文献   

塔里木河流域生态系统健康评价指标体系的构建   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

段树国  奚秀梅 《云南地理环境研究》2007,19(5):114-117

流域生态系统健康评价研究是目前生态学研究的一个新概念、新问题,旨在探讨在人类强烈活动干扰下遭忖受严重污染与退化的流域生态系统的健康问题,生态系统健康是人类与环境间的相互协调关系及实现生态可持续发展的重要基础.依据野外调查资料、遥感影像和社会经济数据,分析表明：水资源是决定塔里木河流域生态系统健康与否的关键因素,人类对水资源的不合理开发利用是导致本流域生态环境恶化的根本原因.因此从水资源、生物多样性、生态系统的弹性和经济社会几方面的健康出发,选取相应的一系列指标,构建了塔里木河流域生态系统健康评价指标体系,并确立了各指标健康程度的度量标准.从而为本流域的生态环境管理提供可参考的理论基础.  相似文献   

An innovative methodology for the prioritization of sub-catchments for flood control     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2007,9(1):79-87

Iran is dominated by arid and semi-arid climate with sporadic rainfall which creates seasonal floods and causes considerable damages and occasionally loss of life. The current research with the aim of flood damage reduction presents an innovative applied methodology for spatial optimization of flood control measures based on sub-catchments location. The presented methodology determines the contribution of each sub-catchment to the main catchment outlet flood peak and prioritizes sub-catchments for implementation of flood control measures. For this purpose catchment flood hydrographs are simulated by calibration and evaluation of a hydrologic model. The isochrones of the catchment have been computed and drawn and sub-catchment spatial distribution is investigated in relation to isochronal areas. Considering both spatial distribution and flooding potential of sub-catchments and their combined effects on the flood peak, their contribution to flood peak was modified by implementing flood control measure. Testing of this methodology on an experimental catchment indicated that sub-catchments located near the centroid of the catchment with an area of 64.6 km² have the greatest effects on flood peak for the overall catchment with an area of 284.6 km². It was concluded that flood control measures should be concentrated in these sub-catchments as the first priority.  相似文献   

A simple index explains annual atrazine transport from surface runoff‐prone watersheds in the north‐central USA          下载免费PDF全文

E. J. Sadler  K. A. Sudduth  R. N. Lerch  C. Baffaut  N. R. Kitchen 《水文研究》2014,28(2):210-217

Year‐to‐year dynamics in weather affect both the timing of application and the potential hydrologic transport of pesticides. Further, the most commonly used pesticides dissipate in the environment during the growing season. Interactions among these factors – hydrology, timing of application and dissipation kinetics – hinder the detection of temporal trends in transport. It is increasingly important to be able to discern such trends, to judge effectiveness of management practices or to determine whether observed changes were caused by management or weather. In previous work, a cumulative vulnerability index was developed to account for these three factors. It explained 63% of annual variation in atrazine load in the Goodwater Creek Experimental Watershed (GCEW). The objectives of the current work were (i) to generalize the cumulative vulnerability index to explicitly account for variation in watershed size, area treated with atrazine and average application rate; (ii) to test the overall performance on watersheds showing such variation; and (3) to test whether the generalized index properly accounted for the additional input parameters. The generalized index was tested using data from GCEW (73.7 km²) and seven additional watersheds in the northeast Missouri claypan region that varied in size from 212 to 1180 km² and from 4% to 23% of watershed area planted to corn or sorghum. Across 32 site‐years, the generalized index explained 84% of variation in annual atrazine load. Further, tests of residuals showed no dependence on either watershed area or fraction of area planted to corn and sorghum, indicating that these parameters were properly integrated into the index. The performance of the index supports the conclusion that data obtained from GCEW is representative of the Mark Twain Lake Basin and likely the entire Central Claypan Major Land Resource Area. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.  相似文献   

云南小江流域泥石流堆积扇研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

唐川  朱静  段金凡  杜榕桓 《山地学报》1991,(3)

泥石流堆积扇是判别泥石流性质、发育阶段和危险度的重要依据。通过对小江流域泥石流堆积扇的调查和观测,阐述了泥右流堆积过程和扇形地形成模式,并对泥石流扇群横向、平面组合类型及变形方式进行了分析。研究结果表明:小江流域泥石流堆积扇发育典型,类型齐全,扇群组合复杂,且呈现一定的规律性。  相似文献   

Delineation of groundwater potential zones in Wadi Saida Watershed of NW-Algeria using remote sensing,geographic information system-based AHP techniques and geostatistical analysis          下载免费PDF全文

Cherif Kessar  Yamina Benkesmia  Bilal Blissag  Lahsen Wahib Kébir 《地下水科学与工程》2021,9(1):45-64

Sustainable management of groundwater resources has now become an obligation,especially in arid and semi-arid regions given the socio-economic importance of this resource.The optimization in zoning for groundwater exploitation helps in planning and managing groundwater supply works such as boreholes and wells in the catchment.The objective of this study is to use remote sensing and GIS-based Analytical Hierarchy Process(AHP)techniques to evaluate the groundwater potential of Wadi Saida Watershed.Spatial analysis such as geostatistics was also used to validate results and ensure more accuracy.Through the GIS tools and remote sensing technique,earth observation data were converted into thematic layers such as lineament density,geology,drainage density,slope,land use and rainfall,which were combined to delineate groundwater potential zones.Based on their respective impact on groundwater potential,the AHP approach was adopted to assign weights on multi-influencing factors.These results will enable decision-makers to optimize hydrogeological exploration in large-scale catchment areas and map areas.According to the results,the southern part of the Wadi Saida Watershed is characterized as a higher groundwater potential area,where 32%of the total surface area falls in the excellent and good class of groundwater potential.The validation process revealed a 71%agreement between the estimated and actual yield of the existing boreholes in the study area.  相似文献   

Hydrochemical characteristics and geochemistry evolution of groundwater in the plain area of the Lake Baiyangdian watershed,North China Plain   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

ZHANG Yu-qin  WANG Guang-wei  WANG Shi-qin  YUAN Rui-qiang  TANG Chang-yuan  SONG Xian-fang 《地下水科学与工程》2018,6(3):220-233

Water cycle and water quality in the Lake Baiyangdian watershed of the North China Plain have undergone great changes due to over-pumping of groundwater and wastewater discharge.In this paper,hydrogeochemical data was collected to analyze the hydrochemical characteristics and geochemistry evolution of groundwater.The study area was divided into two typical parts.One was in the upstream plain area,where over-pumping had resulted in significant decline of groundwater level;the other one was located in the downstream area near the Fu River and Lake Baiyangdian(Lake BYD region).In addition to the natural weathering of minerals,excessive fertilizer was also a main factor of higher ion concentration in groundwater.According to studies,due to good permeability,these regions were easy to be polluted even with deep groundwater depth.However,upstream shallow groundwater and surface water,including lake water,domestic along with industrial wastewater were all sources of present shallow groundwater in the Lake BYD region.Results indicated that anthropogenic activities rather than minerals much matter to the groundwater in these regions.Particularly,wastewater largely decided the groundwater quality,which suggested that the management and restoration of surface water quality was crucial to groundwater protection.  相似文献   

水汽来源和环境因子对典型亚热带季风区降水稳定同位素的影响——以湖口地区为例     

吴华武  欧阳勇峰  姜鹏举  张剑明  李静  吴亚坤 《地理科学》2022,42(8):1502-1512

基于亚热带季风区湖口降水稳定同位素进行高频监测,利用HYSPLIT模型、潜在源贡献因子算法和质量浓度权重轨迹等方法对湖口区降水水汽来源进行分析,研究结果表明：① 湖口地区大气降水同位素组成呈夏季低、春冬季高变化趋势,湖口地区大气降水线斜率（8.19）和截距（12.5）与全球大气水线较为接近,说明整体上该研究区气候环境相对湿润。② 湖口降水同位素组成与降水量、湿度和温度均成显著负相关关系,这表明其具有显著的降水量效应、湿度效应和反温度效应。③ 湖口地区水汽来源主要受东南沿海内陆地区、南海和孟加拉湾源区水汽影响显著,其造成降水同位素值也明显偏小,尤其在夏季和秋季。④ 湖口地区降水同位素组成变化还受锋面天气系统（准静止锋和冷锋）和台风影响,台风降水的水汽来源主要来自中国南海和东海地区,此水汽往内陆输送过程中不断形成降水,此过程中降水重同位素（¹⁸O和²H）不断被冲刷造成其值逐渐变小;受准静止锋面系统影响降水δ¹⁸O值为极小值,这与锋面系统中冷、暖气团相遇造成强烈空气对流活动密切相关;而在冷锋面系统影响下,湖口地区降水δ¹⁸O值和d-excess较大,这与中国南方内陆局地再循环水汽补充有关,该研究结果将为鄱阳湖流域大气环流和水循环过程研究提供科学依据和数据支撑。  相似文献   

数字地形分析技术在分布式水文建模中的应用   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  

李硕  曾志远  张运生 《地球科学进展》2002,17(5):769-775

论述了在栅格数字高程模型（DEM）的基础上，利用数字地形分析技术来完成地形评价、河网指示、流域分割、子流域参数化等项工作的理论与方法。并结合江西潋水河流域的实际工作进行了详细的说明。研究结果表明，通过数字地形分析的方法，利用栅格DEM实现流域离散化并从中提取分布式水文模型所需要的输入参数是一种行之有效的手段。  相似文献