基于空间分析与实证的中国农业土地边际收益与全要素生产率研究(英文)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

侯麟科  张砚杰  战金艳  Thomas GLAUBEN 《地理学报(英文版)》2012,22(1):167-178

This paper attempts to explore the temporal and spatial nature of the marginal revenue of land, total factor productivity (TFP) change and its three components: technical change (TC), technical efficiency change (TEC) and scale efficiency change (SEC) as seen in Chinese agricultural production from 1995 to 1999. Based on county-level data, the study utilized both stochastic frontier and mapping analyses methods. The results show that growth in the marginal revenue of land was diverse across various regions, where most gain occurred in eastern coastal zone, while loss was in Northwest and North China. China has experienced moderate decreases in annual TFP change (-0.26%) with considerable regional variations. Specifically, the administrative intervention in grain production and the deterioration of the agricultural technology diffusion system led to a moderate drop in annual TFP change. County-level mapping analyses took into account interregional variances in TFP and its components. Regarding components of TFP, TEC differences explain the majority of regional dispersions in TFP. As developed areas in China, the Huang-Huai-Hai region and the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan economic zone face the challenges of land conversion and grain security amidst the process of urbanization.  相似文献   

基于DMSP/OLS稳定夜间灯光数据的中国1995-2008年电力消费量时空动态研究(英文)     

何春阳  马群  李通  杨洋  刘志锋 《地理学报(英文版)》2012,22(1):125-136

Electric power consumption (EPC) is one of the basic indices for evaluating electric power use. Obtaining timely and accurate data on the spatiotemporal dynamics of EPC is crucial for understanding and practical deployment of electric power resources. In this study, an EPC model was developed using stable nighttime lights time-series data from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS). The model was used to reconstruct the spatial patterns of EPC in Chinese Mainland at the county level from 1995 to 2008. In addition, the spatiotemporal dynamics of EPC were analyzed, and the fol-lowing conclusions were drawn. (1) The EPC model reliably represented the spatiotemporal dynamics of EPC in Chinese Mainland with approximately 70% accuracy. (2) The EPC in most regions of Chinese Mainland was at low to moderate levels, with marked temporal and spatial variations; of high-level EPC, 58.26% was concentrated in eastern China. Six urban agglomerations (Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region, Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou region, Pearl River Delta, Shandong Peninsula, middle-south of Liaoning Province, and Sichuan Basin) accounted for 10.69% of the total area of Chinese Mainland but consumed 39.23% of the electricity. (3) The EPC of most regions in Chinese Mainland increased from 1995 to 2008, and 64% of the mainland area showed a significant increase in EPC. Moderate increases in EPC were found in 61.62% of eastern China and 80.65% of central China from 1995 to 2008, whereas 75.69% of western China showed no significant increase in EPC. Meanwhile, 77.27%, 89.35%, and 66.72% of the Shanghai-Nanjing-Hangzhou region, Pearl River Delta, and Shandong Peninsula, respectively, showed high-speed increases in EPC. Moderate increases in EPC occurred in 71.12% and 72.13% of the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan region and middle-south of Liaoning Province, respectively, while no significant increase occurred in 56.34% of the Sichuan Basin.  相似文献   

基于XML Schema的多源地名词典集成方法     

张雪英  朱少楠  张春菊  徐希涛  杜超利 《地理与地理信息科学》2012,28(2):1-4

目前,我国已经构建大量不同级别、面向不同应用的地名词典,网络大众化地名服务成为地名词典的必然发展趋势。该文提出一种基于XML Schema的多源异构地名词典集成方法,以XML Schema对地名词典进行数据描述,采用XSLT数据转换方法,运用MapForce软件,快速进行地名词典的数据结构映射,能够有效解决地名词典的跨平台及数据类型不统一问题。  相似文献   

略论我国历史地理学发展的新途径——兼评台湾省出版的两部《历史地理学》     

毛曦  高松凡 《地理研究》2012,31(11):2115-2121

从中国大陆出版的教材及通论性着作的内容来看,我国的历史地理学研究主要以中国历史地理为研究对象,对国外历史地理学理论方法及学术进展的了解乃至研究较为薄弱。我国台湾省的历史地理学研究与大陆有所差异,陈芳惠所着《历史地理学》主要从一般原理意义上整合世界历史地理研究成果进行内容编撰,姜道章所着《历史地理学》重点论述历史地理学的理论与方法并介绍世界各国历史地理学的进展情况。启示如下:建设中国的历史地理学,除了需要继续推进中国历史地理研究外,更应系统开展世界历史地理研究和进一步加强历史地理学理论与方法等学科问题研究,进而在整体推进我国的历史地理学研究的基础上,期待有通论性的“历史地理学”教材及着作的早日问世。  相似文献   

中国黄土高原塬区表层土壤水分盈缺状况的研究   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王欣  文军  韦志刚  田辉  王磊  李振朝  史小康  张堂堂  刘蓉  张静辉 《高原气象》2009,28(3):530-538

陆地表层水分的盈缺直接关系到局地气候变化.本文利用黄土高原塬区初夏至盛夏期两次陆面过程野外试验(LOess Plateau land surface process field EXperiment 2005,LOPEX05和LOPEX06)的野外试验观测资料,分析了试验期间黄土高原白庙塬区不同下垫面的水分蒸散和表层土壤水分盈缺状况.结果表明:在土壤水分比较充足的条件下,植被蒸腾增加量在正午时的峰值为0.05 mm·h-1,而较大降水发生后的首个晴日.冬小麦地和裸地的蒸散分别可达4.60 mm·d-和3.70 mm·d-1.局地降水是影响陆面蒸散量变化的主要因素,而植被冠层的存在增加了陆面蒸散发量中的植物蒸腾量值.2006年4月下旬到7月中旬,裸地的水分缺失为16.3 mm·m2,冬小麦地的水分缺失为39.9mm·m2.其中缺失最严重的时间段为5月下旬到6月上旬,最大旬缺失量达16.5 mm·m2,7月上旬和中旬,由于降水季节来临,土壤水分有少量盈余.在2005年7月中旬至8月下旬,玉米地和裸地的水分盈余分别为17.9 mm·m2和25.3 mm·m2.不同时间尺度的统计均表明,降水不仅是影响陆面蒸散量的主要因素,而且也是表层土壤水分盈缺的决定性因子.  相似文献   

全球模式NCAR CESM和CAS ESM对亚洲东部夏季气候的模拟性能评估:气候平均态和降水日变化分析     

李星雨  毕训强  张贺 《气候与环境研究》2018,23(6):645-656

主要评估了美国国家大气研究中心的NCAR CESM（Community Earth System Model,NCAR）和中国科学院的CAS ESM（Earth System Model,Chinese Academy of Sciences）两个地球系统模式对亚洲东部夏季气候态的模拟性能。使用NCAR CESM和CAS ESM各两种不同的水平分辨率,一共进行了4组长达19年（1998~2016年）的数值积分试验,并通过对2 m气温、降水强度和降水日变化等的分析,比较了这两个模式在亚洲东部的模拟性能。结果表明,CAS ESM和NCAR CESM均能模拟出夏季2 m气温和降水强度的大尺度分布特征,但整体上模拟得到的地表面气温偏暖、降水强度偏弱。对于降水日变化而言,观测的日降水峰值在陆地上主要发生在下午到傍晚时段,在海洋上则出现在午夜到凌晨时段。两组低分辨率试验模拟的陆地降水峰值出现过早,且无法模拟出四川盆地的夜间降水峰值和部分海洋地区凌晨或上午的降水峰值。提高分辨率对模式的模拟性能有显著的提升作用。高分辨率下,NCAR CESM和CAS ESM对陆地和海洋的降水日变化模拟性能都明显提高。对降水日变化的定量化分析表明,高分辨率CAS ESM模式对整个亚洲东部降水日变化的模拟最优。目前模式对海陆风的模拟还不太理想,未来要进一步提高模式模拟性能,需要重点完善与气温、降水过程相关的物理参数化方案。  相似文献   

GrADS绘图汉字显示的技术研究与实现     

邓莲堂 《气象》2010,36(11):115-119

气象常用绘图软件GrADS中不能用汉字设置标题和题注,给国内的业务和科研工作带来不便。根据GrADS软件的特点,在其已有功能的基础上,对GrADS软件功能进行扩充,发展了一些关键技术,实现了GrADS汉字显示功能。其中,发展的关键技术包括:自定义汉字库创建、汉字库索引创建、中英文混合显示、快速查找自定义汉字库、解码自定义汉字库和汉字绘制。实现的汉字显示技术具有使用方便、速度快、可移植、可中英文混合显示等特点。  相似文献   

一个适用于描述中国大陆冬季气温变化的东亚冬季风指数   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

朱艳峰 《气象学报》2008,66(5):781-788

利用1951年1月-2007年2月的NCEP V1格点资料和中国台站观测资料,定义了一个冬季风环流指数(IEAWM),并分析其与中国冬季气温和东亚大气环流变化的联系.结果表明该指数能够很好地反映东亚冬季风系统各成员的变化,兼顾北方和南方的环流状况和东西部热力差异的影响,改进了原有冬季风指数大多针对单一的冬季风环流成员及对中国冬季气温变化反映能力的不足,能够很好地反映中国冬季平均气温的异常变化.分析表明,当该指数为正值时东亚冬季风偏强,对应着地面西伯利亚高压和高空东亚大槽均偏强,东亚地区对流层中层的高-低纬度之间的纬向风经向切变加强,有利于中高纬度冷空气向南侵入,导致中国大陆地区气温偏低,反之亦然.IEAWM的年代际变化表明东亚冬季风在1985年之前偏强,1985年之后明显偏弱,这与1985年之后中国冬季变暖是一致的.  相似文献   

Eurasian Snow Cover Variability and Its Association with Summer Rainfall in China   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

WU Bingyi  YANG Kun  ZHANG Renhe 《大气科学进展》2009,26(1):31-44

This study investigates the statistical linkage between summer rainfall in China and the preceding spring Eurasian snow water equivalent (SWE), using the datasets of summer rainfall observations from 513 stations, satellite-observed snow water equivalent, and atmospheric circulation variables in the NCEP/NCAR re-analysis during the period from 1979 to 2004. The first two coupled modes are identified by using the singular value decomposition (SVD) method. The leading SVD mode of the spring SWE variability shows a coherent negative anomaly in most of Eurasia with the opposite anomaly in some small areas of the Tibetan Plateau and East Asia. The mode displays strong interannual variability, superposed on an interdecadal variation that occurred in the late 1980s, with persistent negative phases in 1979--1987 and frequent positive phases afterwards. When the leading mode is in its positive phase, it corresponds to less SWE in spring throughout most of Eurasia. Meanwhile, excessive SWE in some small areas of the Tibetan Plateau and East Asia, summer rainfall in South and Southeast China tends to be increased, whereas it would be decreased in the up-reaches of the Yellow River. In recent two decades, the decreased spring SWE in Eurasia may be one of reasons for severe droughts in North and Northeast China and much more significant rainfall events in South and Southeast China. The second SVD mode of the spring SWE variability shows opposite spatial variations in western and eastern Eurasia, while most of the Tibetan Plateau and East Asia are in phase. This mode significantly correlates with the succeeding summer rainfall in North and Northeast China, that is, less spring SWE in western Eurasia and excessive SWE in eastern Eurasia and the Tibetan Plateau tend to be associated with decreased summer rainfall in North and Northeast China.  相似文献   

Vertical atmospheric structure of the late summer clear days over the east Gansu loess plateau in China     

韦志刚  文军  李振朝 《大气科学进展》2009,26(3):381-389

In this paper, by using the sounding data collected in LOPEX05, we have analyzed the vertical atmospheric structure and boundary layer characteristics of temperature and humidity in the late summer over the east Gansu loess plateau. The results show that the bottom of the stratosphere is at about 16 500 m and varies between 14 000 m and 18 000 m above the ground. The center of the westerly jet is located between 8300 m and 14 300 m above the ground and its direction moves between 260° and 305°. There is an ...  相似文献