Assessment of pesticide contamination of groundwater in New Zealand     

Murray E. Close 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):257-266

Groundwater contamination by pesticides may be affected by the amounts of pesticide used, the mobility and degradation characteristics of the pesticides, and the vulnerability of an area to pollution. An index of potential pollution was developed based on these factors, with the groundwater vulnerability being measured using the DRASTIC ranking method. Seventeen regions were selected from throughout New Zealand where significant pesticides have been applied and there is an underlying groundwater system. They were ranked according to this index of potential pollution. The sensitivity of the ranking to various formulations and weightings of the index was examined. Three regions (Poverty Bay, Te Puke, and Motueka) were generally highly ranked for a wide range of index formulations. Six of the higher‐ranked regions were selected for sampling in the second phase of the study.  相似文献   

Composition and distribution of organochlorine pesticide residues in surface sediments from the Wu-Shi River Estuary,Taiwan   总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23  

Doong RA  Peng CK  Sun YC  Liao PL 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,45(1-12):246-253

The contamination of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in sediments from the Wu-Shi River estuary was investigated to evaluate the pollution potentials and distribution of OCPs in central Taiwan. A total of 19 sediment samples were collected at five sampling stations along the River estuary. The concentrations of OCPs were in the range of 0.99–14.5 ng/g-dry weight (dw) for ΣHCH (-, β-, γ-, δ-HCH), 0.46–13.4 ng/g-dw for Σcyclodiene and 0.53–11.4 ng/g-dw for ΣDDT (p,p^′-DDD, p,p^′-DDE, p,p^′-DDT). The mean concentrations of ΣHCH, Σcyclodiene and ΣDDT were 3.79, 4.87 and 2.51 ng/g-dw, respectively. The total concentrations of OCPs correspond to 1.73–71.9 μg/g-OC when normalized to TOC contents. Among the organochlorine pesticides, endosulfan sulfate, β-HCH, and p,p^′-DDD were the most dominant compounds in the sediments with the average concentrations of 1.97, 3.43 and 2.08 ng/g, respectively. Also, different contamination patterns among sampling seasons were observed. The measured concentrations of OCPs collected in spring were higher than those in autumn and winter. A linear relationship between sediment characteristics and OCP residues was also demonstrated. The results obtained in this study show that there still exist a variety of organochlorine pesticide residues in the sediments from the near shore of central Taiwan.  相似文献   

Residue levels of HCHs,DDTs and PCBs in shellfish from coastal areas of east Xiamen Island and Minjiang Estuary,China   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Chen W  Zhang L  Xu L  Wang X  Hong L  Hong H 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,45(1-12):385-390

Shellfish samples were collected from the coastal cultivating areas of east Xiamen Island and Minjing Estuary, China and analyzed for hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), DDTs and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by GC. Concentration ranges of HCHs, DDTs and PCBs in the coastal area of east Xiamen Island were 0.18–345, 75.2–2143 and ND-23 ng g⁻¹ dry wt., respectively; those for Minjiang Estuary were ND-5.07, 21.5–2396 and ND-6.78 ng g⁻¹ dry wt., respectively. The results showed that the organochlorines were evidently accumulated in marine bivalve molluscs, particularly in oyster. The concentrations of organocholorine pollutants in shellfish samples varied with the sampling locations, the season of collection and organism species, but were generally higher than those in the sediments. The concentrations of DDTs in the shellfish were high as compared with HCHs and PCBs, so that DDTs can be considered as the typical organochlorines in the survey areas. The residue levels and compositions of HCHs, DDTs and PCBs are discussed.  相似文献   

Geographical distribution and accumulation features of organochlorine residues in bivalves from coastal areas of South Korea   总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26  

Kim SK  Oh JR  Shim WJ  Lee DH  Yim UH  Hong SH  Shin YB  Lee DS 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,45(1-12):268-279

As a part of Mussel Watch Program in Korea, the contamination levels and accumulation features of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were assessed for 82 bivalve samples collected from 66 sites along the entire coast of Korea. The dry weight based ∑PCBs and ∑OCPs ranged from 4.4 ng g⁻¹ to 422.0 ng g⁻¹ (geometric MEAN=36.9 ng g⁻¹) and from 9.95 ng g⁻¹ to 131.37 (34.88) ng g⁻¹, respectively. PCB was predominant in Korean coast, followed by DDTs, HCHs, and Chlordanes. From the observed log normal distribution of PCB and each OCP, low- and high-levels were defined as geometric mean ±1 S.D., respectively. The levels at the sites near urban and/or industrial areas often exceeded the high-levels and the spatial distributions of ∑DDTs and ∑CHLs were correlated with that of ∑PCBs, indicating terrestrial input pathways. Even distribution of ∑HCHs suggested a possibility of atmospheric input pathway of HCHs. The observed isomer ratios of DDTs, HCHs, and CHLs indicated that aging has occurred.  相似文献   

西藏错鄂湖和羊卓雍湖水体及沉积物中有机氯农药的初步研究   总被引：32，自引：0，他引：32  

张伟玲  张干  祁士华  彭平安 《地球化学》2003,32(4):363-367

对2002年5月采集的西藏错鄂湖和羊卓雍湖的水和沉积物样品进行了实验及分析。结果表明，这2个高原湖泊均不同程度地受到有机氯农药的污染，并具有多种有机氯农药的同时存在、在沉积柱上近表层没有含量下降趋势以及南部的羊卓雍湖污染程度高于藏北的错鄂湖等特点，反映出湖泊中的有机氯农药有可能是随孟加拉湾洋暖流由南向北带人的。两个湖泊的水与沉积物中滴滴涕(DDTs)和六六六(HCHs)含量甚至与我国东部地区的一些淡水水体相近，这种现象很可能表明，大气沉降的有机氯农药可在青藏高原湖泊水体与沉积物中发生一定程度的累积。长远地看，这一过程将可能对青藏高原野生动物产生负面影响。  相似文献   

Organochlorines and dioxin-like compounds in green-lipped mussels Perna viridis from Hong Kong mariculture zones     

M.K. So  X. Zhang  J.P. Giesy  C.N. Fung  H.W. Fong  J. Zheng  M.J. Kramer  H. Yoo  P.K.S. Lam   《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,51(8-12):677

Concentrations of persistent organic pollutants including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine (OC) pesticides and dioxin-like compounds were measured in green-lipped mussels, Perna viridis, collected from seven mariculture zones in Hong Kong between September and October in 2002 in order to evaluate the status, spatial distribution and potential sources of pollution in these areas. Concentrations ranged from 300 to 4400 ng/g lipid weight for total OCs and 170–1000 ng/g lipid weight for total PCBs (based on 28 congeners). Relatively smaller DDT concentrations in mussels compared with previous studies suggest reduced discharges of DDTs from nearby regions into Hong Kong waters. Detection of a mixture of HCH isomers in the mussels indicated that Hong Kong waters were predominantly contaminated by technical HCHs rather than lindane. Mussel samples from all sampling locations elicited significant dioxin-like activity in the H4IIE-luc bioassay. The greatest magnitude of dioxin-like response (39 pg TEQ/g wet wt.) was detected in mussels from Ma Wan in the western waters of Hong Kong, which is strongly influenced by the Pearl River discharge. Human health risk assessment was undertaken to evaluate potential risks associated with the consumption of the green-lipped mussels. Risk quotient (RQ) for dioxin-like compounds was greater than unity suggesting that adverse health effects may be associated with high mussel consumption.  相似文献   

Testing of stack-unit/aquifer sensitivity analysis using contaminant plume distribution in the subsurface of Savannah River Site, South Carolina, USA     

James M. Rine  John M. Shafer  Elzbieta Covington  Richard C. Berg 《Hydrogeology Journal》2006,14(8):1620-1634

Published information on the correlation and field-testing of the technique of stack-unit/aquifer sensitivity mapping with documented subsurface contaminant plumes is rare. The inherent characteristic of stack-unit mapping, which makes it a superior technique to other analyses that amalgamate data, is the ability to deconstruct the sensitivity analysis on a unit-by-unit basis. An aquifer sensitivity map, delineating the relative sensitivity of the Crouch Branch aquifer of the Administrative/Manufacturing Area (A/M) at the Savannah River Site (SRS) in South Carolina, USA, incorporates six hydrostratigraphic units, surface soil units, and relevant hydrologic data. When this sensitivity map is compared with the distribution of the contaminant tetrachloroethylene (PCE), PCE is present within the Crouch Branch aquifer within an area classified as highly sensitive, even though the PCE was primarily released on the ground surface within areas classified with low aquifer sensitivity. This phenomenon is explained through analysis of the aquifer sensitivity map, the groundwater potentiometric surface maps, and the plume distributions within the area on a unit-by- unit basis. The results of this correlation show how the paths of the PCE plume are influenced by both the geology and the groundwater flow.  相似文献   

中国典型类型土壤中有机氯农药和多氯联苯成分分析标准物质的研制   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

田芹  吴淑琪  佟玲  罗代洪 《岩矿测试》2015,34(2):238-244

目前我国有1个有机氯农药(OCPs)分析标准物质,3个多氯联苯(PCBs)分析标准物质;欧洲有1个OCPs分析标准物质和2个PCBs分析标准物质。美国、国际原子能机构和日本等组织研制了沉积物中OCPs、PCBs和多环芳烃的有机分析标准物质,这些标准物质的基质性质、浓度水平与我国地质样品基质性质、实际污染情况不符。本文针对我国土壤类型的分布特点、污染特征及实际样品检测情况,采集典型地区的土壤作为候选物,利用传统的气相色谱-质谱法、气相色谱-串联质谱法、气相色谱-电子捕获检测器法和现代分析技术方法——同位素稀释质谱法,严格按照国家一级标准物质技术规范和相关标准研制了6个土壤有机分析标准物质(编号为GBW07469~GBW07474),基本涵盖了我国典型土壤类型,包括褐土、水稻土、黄壤土和草甸土;定值化合物包括全国地质大调查必测的8种OCPs(α-HCH、β-HCH、γ-HCH、δ-HCH、p,p’-DDE、p,p’-DDD、o,p’-DDT、p,p’-DDT)和选测的7种PCBs(PCB28、52、101、118、153、138、180),含量范围为3.9μg/kg~2.31 mg/kg。此批标准物质的基质性质、目标组分的浓度水平和污染特征与实际环境样品具有较好的一致性,而且目标物种类多,含量范围宽,可以满足我国不同地区、不同程度污染的土壤样品中OCPs和PCBs同时测定的质量监控需求。  相似文献   

福建兴化湾水体有机氯农药污染状况   总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11  

张菲娜  祁士华  苏秋克  龚香宜  吕春玲  李敏  方敏 《地质科技情报》2006,25(4):86-91

利用气相色谱-电子检测器对福建兴化湾河水和海水中的19种有机氯农药(HCHs、DDTs等)进行的分析结果表明,几种有机氯农药尽管已停止生产多年,但在河水及海水中仍有残留.二者的有机氯农药的质量浓度分别为10.96～56.31,5.78～161.64 ng/L ,同国内外其他港口海区及河流相比,其污染程度相对较低.丰水期河水中DDT的降解产物主要为DDE,而海水中DDT的降解产物主要为DDD.同时,对有机氯农药现状的分析表明,近年来仍有有机氯农药污染的输入,其农药的使用主要集中在六六六和滴滴涕上.  相似文献   

南中国海海水中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的含量及分布特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周涛  韩彬  徐亚岩  刘新民  郑立  王小如 《岩矿测试》2014,33(1):90-95

近年来,随着沿海化工生产基地的大量投入运营及海上危险化学品运输业的日益增长,海洋生态环境受到严重威胁,我国海洋环境中持久性有机污染物如有机氯农药及多氯联苯在近海环境中普遍检出。为了对南中国海水体中持久性有机污染物的污染现状有所了解,本文利用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GCECD)对南中国海海水中的15种有机氯农药和多氯联苯进行测定,两类化合物各检出6种。采用外标法进行定量分析,结果显示:调查海域表层海水中有机氯农药和多氯联苯类化合物的浓度范围分别为0~92.30ng/L和1.16~76.24 ng/L,200 m层海水中分别为0~69.85 ng/L和0~49.63 ng/L,500 m层海水中分别为0~56.68 ng/L和0~26.47 ng/L。由此可看出,该海域有机氯农药和多氯联苯的含量分布特征大致呈现为:表层200 m层500 m层,原因可能是污染源主要来自周围地表径流或大气输入,且随着时间的推移污染物吸附于悬浮体由表层向下层迁移。与国内外相关海洋环境中有机农药及多氯联苯含量水平相比较,南中国海海水中有机农药和多氯联苯的含量低于国内大部分水域,但高于国外已知海洋水体中的含量。南中国海中有机农药和多氯联苯含量和分布特征的取得为下一步对海洋环境的研究和保护工作提供了基础数据。  相似文献