酸法地浸采铀的地下水生态环境问题   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

黄国夫 《华东地质学院学报》1998,21(1):7-13

本文综述了利用酸法地浸采铀对采铀区及其周围地下水生态环境的影响方式、影响程度以及针对这些影响所采用的各种治理手段和效果。并就我国刚刚起步不久的酸法地浸采铀中地下水生态环境的保护和恢复,提出了一些建议。  相似文献   

不同阻垢剂对方解石和磷酸钙表面电位的影响   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

王京  陆婉珍 《岩矿测试》1998,17(4):241-248

采用微电泳法考察了１５种阻垢剂对方解石和磷酸钙颗粒表面电位的影响。实验结果表明,在各种药剂中,丙烯酸／２丙烯酰胺基２甲基丙磺酸／次磷酸调聚物对难溶盐表面电位影响最大,乙二胺四乙酸二钠盐的影响最小。乙二胺四甲叉膦酸的溶垢能力和对表面电位的影响都较强。各种药剂对两种难溶盐表面电位影响的排序差异不显著。根据配位化学和表面化学原理解释了实验结果。  相似文献   

亚南极冰川雪冰内MSA的季节变化(英)     

HAN Jian-Kang  XIE Zi-Chu 《冰川冻土》1998,(4)

Methanesulphonate was investigated as a potential contributor to the sulphur budget based on the analysis on Antarctic snow/ice from Coffins Ice Cap, King George Island (62°10' S, 58°50,W). The anion was found to be present at a mean concentration of 0. 17 μeq. L-1 with a maximum of 0.73 μeq. L-1. A distinct seasonal variation exists in the top 10 m of the core, equivalent to more than two years of deposition. Dating resulted from δ18O profile suggests that the principal peaks of methanesulphonate are associated with snow deposited in autumn and secondary peaks in spring. The seasonal patterns of methanesulphonate in the subantarctic snow displays a phase difference from that observed in marine air from low and middle latitudes.  相似文献   

麦饭石对腐殖酸及重金属离子的吸附作用   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王强 《地质科技情报》1998,(3)

研究了麦饭石对腐殖酸和重金属离子（Ｈｇ２＋,Ｐｂ２＋,Ｃｕ２＋,Ｚｎ２＋,Ｃｄ２＋）的吸附作用,实验结果表明麦饭石对腐殖酸和重金属离子都具有较好的吸附性能,且腐殖酸的存在有利于麦饭石对重金属离子的吸附。ｐＨ值是影响吸附的重要因素,当ｐＨ值为５．０～６．０时,麦饭石同时吸附腐殖酸和重金属离子的效果最好,麦饭石在吸附腐殖酸和重金属离子的同时能溶出微量元素硒,这对于大骨节病的防治有重要意义。  相似文献   

山西孙家庄中酸性杂岩体及其邻近地区的找矿远景评价     

余学东  李应桂  杨少平  任天祥 《物探与化探》1998,22(5):379-383

通过“面型”岩石测量和多子样剖面岩石测量,对山西孙家庄中酸性杂岩体作出找矿远景评价,并对其邻近地段进行矿化追踪。确定该岩体的主要指示元素和伴生元素,圈出以Cu为主的斑岩矿化多元素组合异常,在Cu异常浓集中心发现斑岩矿化。孙家庄岩体周围地区,存在斑岩型矿化—接触交代矿化—热液多金属矿化的环带状分布模式。  相似文献   

有机酸对高岭石形成影响的模拟试验研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘钦甫  丁述理 《煤田地质与勘探》1998,26(2):6-9

利用富里酸、胡敏酸和盐酸与天然矿物－长石、蒙脱石和云母在常温常压下进行反应,探讨矿物溶解及高岭石形成机理。实验表明富里酸对这些矿物具有较大的溶解能力,其原因是由于形成了具有较大溶解度和活动性的有机硅和有机铝复合体。在中性－碱性条件下有利于有机硅复合体的形成,酸性条件下有利于有机铝复合体的形成。在富里酸作用下,蒙脱石和云母分别在４个月和８个月有少量转化成高岭石,说明层状硅酸盐矿物比架状硅酸盐矿物更易  相似文献   

Humic Ion-Binding Model VI: An Improved Description of the Interactions of Protons and Metal Ions with Humic Substances   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Edward Tipping 《Aquatic Geochemistry》1998,4(1):3-47

Humic Ion-Binding Model VI, a discrete site/electrostatic model of the interactions of protons and metals with fulvic and humic acids, is applied to 19 sets of published data for proton binding, and 110 sets for metal binding. Proton binding is described with a site density, two median intrinsic equilibrium constants, two parameters defining the spread of equilibrium constants around the medians, and an electrostatic constant. Intrinsic equilibrium constants for metal binding are defined by two median constants, log K_MA and log K_MB, which refer to carboxyl and weaker-acid sites respectively, together with a parameter, LK₁, defining the spreads of values around the medians. A further parameter, LK₂, takes account of small numbers of strong binding sites. By considering results from many data sets, a universal average value of LK₁ is obtained, and a correlation established between log K_MB and log K_MA. In addition, a relation between LK₂ and the equilibrium constant for metal-NH₃ complexation is tentatively suggested. As a result, metal-binding data can be fitted by the adjustment of a single parameter, log K_MA. Values of log K_MA are derived for 22 metal species. Model VI accounts for competition and ionic strength effects, and for proton-metal exchange.  相似文献   

Measurements of Reaction Coefficients of NO2 and HONO on Aerosol Particles     

Roy M. Harrison  Gareth M. Collins 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1998,30(3):397-406

The reaction coefficients of nitrogen dioxide and nitrous acid with monodisperse sodium chloride and ammonium sulphate aerosols have been measured in a flow reactor at atmospheric pressure. These experiments were performed at relative humidities above and below the deliquescence points of both aerosols (r.h. 50 and 85%) at 279 K. The results for NO₂ afford a reaction coefficient in the range (2.8–10) × 10^-4 and for HONO, (2.8–4.6) × 10^-3. For both species, there appears to be an enhancement of the reaction coefficient on sodium chloride aerosol at 50% r.h. The results are compared with reaction coefficients determined by other experimental methods. A good agreement is found for both gases between this method and the coated denuder method previously developed in our research laboratories (Msibi et al., 1993) and with the majority of other published data for NO₂. In the case of HONO, our estimate of reaction coefficient is smaller than, or at the lower limits of the ranges reported by other published studies.  相似文献   

Fast Oxidation Reaction of Nitrite by Dissolved Oxygen in the Freezing Process in the Tropospheric Aqueous Phase     

Norimichi Takenaka  Tohru Daimon  Akihiro Ueda  Keiichi Sato  Masaru Kitano  Hiroshi Bandow  Yasuaki Maeda 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1998,29(2):135-150

Nitrite oxidation in the tropospheric aqueous phase by freezing was evaluated by freezing a field sample. Nitrite oxidation by dissolved oxygen in the freezing process is much faster than by other oxidation processes, such as reactions with ozone, hydrogen peroxide or dissolved oxygen in an aqueous solution at pHs 3 to –6. At pH 4.5 and 25°C, the lifetime of nitrite in the aqueous phase is ca. 1 hr in oxidation by ozone (6×10^-10 mol dm^-3), ca. 10 hr in oxidation by H₂O₂ (2×10^-4 mol dm^-3), and 7.5 hr (Fischer and Warneck, 1996) in photodissociation at midday in summer. Under the same conditions at a temperature below 0°C, the lifetime of nitrite in the freezing process is estimated as ca. 2 sec when the droplets are frozen within a second. The reaction by freezing is affected by the presence of salts, such as NaCl or KCl, or orgnaic compounds, such as methanol or acetone. The results of freezing a field rain or fog sample showed that nitrite oxidation proceeds below pH 6, and the conversion ratio of nitrate from nitrite increases with decreasing pH. The oxidation of nitrite by freezing was also observed in freezing fog particles generated by an ultrasonic humidifier. The ratios of the concentrations of ions in the winter sample to those in the summer sample (or those in the fog sample) were almost the same values. However, the concentration of nitrite in the winter sample was lower than that estimated by the ratios of other ions. From the present study, it seems that the freezing process plays an important role in the nitrite sink process in the tropospheric aqueous phase.  相似文献   

The Henry's Law Constants of the Haloacetic Acids     

D. J. Bowden  S. L. Clegg  P. Brimblecombe 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1998,29(1):85-107

Henry's law constants K_H (mol kg^-1 atm^-1) have been measured between 278.15 K and 308.15 K for the following organic acids: CH₂FCOOH (ln(K_H[298.15 K]) = 11.3 ± 0.2), CH₂ClCOOH (11.59 ± 0.14), CH₂BrCOOH (11.94 ± 0.21), CHF₂COOH (10.32 ± 0.10), CHCl₂COOH (11.69 ± 0.11), CHBr₂COOH (12.33 ± 0.29), CBr₃COOH (12.61 ± 0.21), and CClF₂COOH (10.11 ± 0.12). The variation of K_H with temperature was determined for all acids except CH₂FCOOH and CBr₃COOH, with _r H° for the dissolution reaction ranging from –85.2 ± 2.6 to –57.1 ± 2.5 kJ mol^-1, meaning that their solubility is generally more sensitive to temperature than is the case for the simple carboxylic acids. The Henry's law constants show consistent trends with halogen substitution and, together with their high solubility compared to the parent (acetic) acid (ln(K_H[298.15 K]) = 8.61), present a severe test of current predictive models based upon molecular structure. The solubility of haloacetic acids and strong dissociation at normal pH mean that they will partition almost entirely into cloud and fog in the atmosphere (0.05–1.0 g H₂O m^-3), but can reside in both phases for the liquid water contents typical of aerosols (10^-5-10^-4 g H₂O m^-3).  相似文献