Approximation of interfacial properties in multiphase porous medium systems     

J.E. McClure  D. Adalsteinsson  C. Pan  W.G. Gray  C.T. Miller 《Advances in water resources》2007

We investigate the estimation of interfacial areas, curvatures, and common curve lengths in multiphase porous medium systems. Algorithms are developed to obtain estimates of these quantities based upon a variety of potential data sources and estimation approaches. The accuracy of the derived approximations are evaluated as a function of the data type and resolution of the data. The methods advanced improve upon standard approaches now in use and show excellent accuracy at resolutions on the order of five lattice points per minimum radius of curvature of the object being resolved. Finally, we suggest a promising class of extensions that could lead to further improvements in the accuracy of such methods.  相似文献   

等效偏移距方法及应用   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王伟  尹军杰  刘学伟  赵俊猛  王赟  黄英 《地球物理学报》2007,50(6):1823-1830

当勘探目标地质构造复杂、地层倾角较陡或岩性横向突变时，在地表接收到的反射信号较弱、信噪比较低，甚至接收不到反射波，常规偏移成像方法对这类数据很难精确成像，因此可以考虑基于散射理论的等效偏移距方法来成像.该方法分两步进行：第一步是抽取共散射点道集；第二步是对共散射点道集进行克希霍夫积分偏移.文中数值模拟及实际资料的实例表明，该方法在复杂地质目标及低信噪比地震资料的成像处理中具有一定的实用价值.  相似文献   

Defending community? Indigeneity, self-determination and institutional ambivalence in the restoration of Lake Whakaki     

Brad Coombes 《Geoforum》2007,38(1):60-72

Conservation practitioners have scrutinized the credibility and effectiveness of community-based natural resource management, noting its romantic misconceptions about communities and their capacities. Early approaches failed to acknowledge the heterogeneity of collective agents, the synergy between decentralization and neoliberalism, or the need to affirm rural peoples’ entitlements to resources. A Maori community’s attempt to restore Lake Whakaki on New Zealand’s east coast confirms many of these critiques. The restoration confronts institutional ambivalence, obstructive forces from beyond the zone of Maori influence and non-correspondence between community and catchment dynamics. Fulfilment of the project requires exogenous resources and authority, but state conservation agencies are ambivalent towards local demands for self-determined development. Nonetheless, an uncommon degree of agency which is grounded within community aspirations for sovereignty suggests that the motivational characteristics of community retain their importance in debates about integrated conservation and development.  相似文献   

Made in Japan: The Japanese market and herring roe production and management in Canada's southern Gulf of St. Lawrence     

Lenore Burke  John Phyne 《Marine Policy》2008

The herring roe fishery in Canada's southern Gulf of St. Lawrence is a productive fishery that lies outside the confines of privatized arrangements. Yet, this fishery is compromised by its dependence on the Japanese seafood market. Consideration of the efficiency of this fishery needs to account for the role assumed by this market in setting fishing practices. A more ecologically and economically efficient use of the herring resource requires greater attention to supply chain integration by local harvesters, processors and buyers prior to engaging with distant markets. This is necessary regardless of the property rights regime that is in place.  相似文献   

A common garden experiment with larval Northeast Arctic and Norwegian coastal cod cohorts in replicated mesocosms     

Knut W. Vollset  Oddbjrn Seljeset   yvind Fiksen  Arild Folkvord 《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2009,56(21-22):1984

A replicated mesocosm experiment was carried out to evaluate differential effects of feeding conditions for larval Northeast Arctic (NA) cod and Norwegian coastal (NC) cod. The two populations were (1) reared together with a 6-day older NA cohort (mixed) in high (HC) and low prey concentration (LC; 2000 and 200 prey/L initially), and (2) reared separately in HC treatments (non-mixed) to be able to evaluate both the effect of feeding conditions and possible effects of size interaction within mesocosms. The larvae were fed natural zooplankton, and the two stocks were identified in the mixed mesocosms by otolith marking. NA larvae hatched at a larger size, had higher growth rates, and survived better than NC larvae in both mixed and non-mixed mesocosms in the HC treatment. The second cohort clearly survived better in the non-mixed than in the mixed mesocosms, indicating the presence of an interaction effect before cannibalism could occur. We found a significant higher weight-at-length between NC and NA larvae (<12 mm), which was bigger than the effect difference due to feeding conditions. Furthermore, a positive relation between survival and initial growth within mesocosms was found. We suggest that lower growth at early larval stages was accompanied by lower survival, and suggest that this was further enhanced when larvae interacted with older and larger larvae.  相似文献   

Results based management in fisheries: Delegating responsibility to resource users     

《Marine Policy》2015

While the notion of results based management has been devoted recent attention in the context of reforming European fisheries management, it remains unclear what it entails. A conceptual model of results based management in fisheries is proposed as a way for public authorities to delegate specific management and documentation responsibilities to resource users. The model comprises three defining features: (1) That authorities define measurable objectives for the utilization of fisheries resources; (2) that resource users are made responsible for achieving these objectives and for (3) providing documentation that allows for an audit of the extent to which they are met. Selected cases are used to illustrate these features. Rationales and prospects of introducing results based management as an alternative in a European fisheries management context are discussed, giving consideration to how it may be pursued under the reformed common fisheries policy.  相似文献   

Fisheries traffic: The poor relation of port devolution. Lessons from Spanish state ports of general interest     

José I. Castillo-Manzano  David Florido-Del-Corral  Lourdes Lopez-Valpuesta 《Marine Policy》2010

The fisheries sector is currently contending with the hectic development of its own political economy framework being convulsed by the dynamics of decentralisation. This process is enshrouded in an environment of economic globalisation, taking place against the backdrop of the governance approach. With this situation as the starting point, the main goal of this paper is to quantify the effects that the Spanish port devolution process might have on the Spanish fisheries sector through the use of a transfer function model; the volumes of landings at State ports of general interest and their cash value are taken as dependent variables.  相似文献   

Urban green commons: Insights on urban common property systems   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Johan Colding  Stephan Barthel  Pim Bendt  Robbert Snep  Wim van der Knaap  Henrik Ernstson 《Global Environmental Change》2013,23(5):1039-1051

The aim of this paper is to shed new light on urban common property systems. We deal with urban commons in relation to urban green-space management, referring to them as urban green commons. Applying a property-rights analytic perspective, we synthesize information on urban green commons from three case-study regions in Sweden, Germany, and South Africa, and elaborate on their role for biodiversity conservation in urban settings, with a focus on business sites. Cases cover both formally established types of urban green commons and bottom-up emerged community-managed habitats. As our review demonstrates, the right to actively manage urban green space is a key characteristic of urban green commons whether ownership to land is in the private, public, the club realm domain, or constitutes a hybrid of these. We discuss the important linkages among urban common property systems, social–ecological learning, and management of ecosystem services and biodiversity. Several benefits can be associated with urban green commons, such as a reduction of costs for ecosystem management and as designs for reconnecting city-inhabitants to the biosphere. The emergence of urban green commons appears closely linked to dealing with societal crises and for reorganizing cities; hence, they play a key role in transforming cities toward more socially and ecologically benign environments. While a range of political questions circumscribe the feasibility of urban green commons, we discuss their usefulness in management of different types of urban habitats, their political justification and limitation, their potential for improved biodiversity conservation, and conditions for their emergence. We conclude by postulating some general policy advice.  相似文献   

基于CC的防火墙安全功能分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

梁思  刘嘉勇  胡勇  陈波 《成都信息工程学院学报》2006,21(4):519-522

防火墙是网络安全的核心手段。依据基于CC（Common Criteria）制订的国家标准——包过滤防火墙安全技术要求和应用级防火墙安全技术要求，提出每项安全功能要求对应的实际安全措施，并分析当前防火墙未实现的安全功能要求。  相似文献   

青藏高原地区不同下垫面陆面过程的数值模拟研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

李燕  刘新  李伟平 《高原气象》2012,31(3):581-591

利用陆面过程模式Common Land Model(CoLM),选取青藏高原上3个不同下垫面观测站(藏东南站、纳木错站和珠峰站)的观测资料,对这3个野外观测站进行了单点数值模拟试验。根据3个测站的试验数据,对模式中土壤孔隙度和饱和导水率进行了优化,针对青藏高原地区土壤层薄的特点,对模式中土壤分层方案进行了调整。结果表明,调整分层方案后的CoLM模式对3个测站土壤湿度的模拟性能较原分层方案有明显提高,平均偏差均减小0.014以上。但是与观测值相比,藏东南站土壤湿度的模拟整体偏低,纳木错站和珠峰站则整体偏高。对土壤温度而言,3个测站模拟与观测的相关系数都达到了0.9以上,珠峰站偏差较大,调整分层方案后模拟的偏差有一定的改进。模式较好地模拟了3个测站的净辐射、感热通量和潜热通量的日变化和季节变化情况,调整分层方案后潜热通量的改进最为明显。  相似文献