Analysis of the coupled relationship between grain yields and agricultural labor changes in China   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Dazhuan Ge  Hualou Long  Yingnan Zhang  Shuangshuang Tu 《地理学报(英文版)》2018,28(1):93-108

In this paper we establish a model that expresses the coupled relationship between grain yield and agricultural labor changes in China, and present a preliminary discussion of the coupled processes involved in changes in these factors at the county level. Thus, we develop two coefficients on the basis of county-level statistical data for grain yield and agricultural labor for the years 1991, 2000, and 2010, namely, the grain-labor elasticity coefficient (GLEC) and the agricultural labor-transfer effect coefficient (ALTEC). The results of this study show that during the transformation process of agricultural development in China, different kinds of coupled relationships between grain yield and agricultural labor changes co-existed at the same time. For example, between 1991 and 2010, counties characterized by three different coupled modes (i.e., increasing grain yield and decreasing agricultural labor, increasing grain yield and agricultural labor, and decreasing grain yield and agricultural labor) account for 48.85%, 29.11%, and 19.74% of the total across the study area, respectively. Interestingly, a coupled relationship between increasing grain yield and decreasing agricultural labor is mainly concentrated in the traditional farming areas of China, while a coupled relationship between increasing grain yield and agricultural labor is primarily concentrated in pastoral areas and agro-pastoral ecotones in underdeveloped western China. At the same time, a coupled relationship between decreasing grain yield and agricultural labor is concentrated in areas that have experienced a rapid development transition in agriculture, especially the developed southeastern coast of China. The results of this study also show that between 1991 and 2010, 1961 counties experienced a decline in the proportion of agricultural labor; of these, 1452 are also characterized by increasing grain yield, 72.38% of the total. This coupled relationship between grain yield and changes in the proportion of agricultural labor shows a stepped fluctuation and has continually strengthened over time. Data show that mean values for the GLEC and ALTEC increased from–0.25 and–2.93 between 1991 and 2000 to–0.16 and–1.78 between 2000 and 2010, respectively. These changes in GLEC and ALTEC illustrate that the influence of agricultural labor changes on increasing grain yields has gradually diminished. Finally, the results of this study reveal that the ‘Hu Huanyong Line’ is a significant boundary sub-dividing this coupled relationship between grain yield and changes in agricultural labor.  相似文献   

Cloud Condensation Nuclei over the Bay of Bengal during the Indian Summer Monsoon     

D.M.CHATE  R.T.WAGHMARE  C.K.JENA  V.GOPALAKRISHNAN  P.MURUGAVEL  Sachin D.GHUDE  Rachana KULKARNI  P.C.S.DEVARA 《大气科学进展》2018,35(2):218-223

The first measurements of cloud condensation nuclei(CCN) at five supersaturations were carried out onboard the research vessel "Sagar Kanya"(cruise SK-296) from the south to the head-bay of the Bay of Bengal as part of the Continental Tropical Convergence Zone(CTCZ) Project during the Indian summer monsoon of 2012. In this paper, we assess the diurnal variation in CCN distributions at supersaturations from 0.2% to 1%(in steps of 0.2%) and the power-law fit at supersaturation of 1%.The diurnal pattern shows peaks in CCN concentration(NCCN) at supersaturations from 0.2% to 1% between 0600 and 0700 LST(local standard time, UTC+0530), with relatively low concentrations between 1200 and 1400 LST, followed by a peak at around 1800 LST. The power-law fit for the CCN distribution at different supersaturation levels relates the empirical exponent(k) of supersaturation(%) and the NCCNat a supersaturation of 1%. The NCCNat a supersaturation of 0.4% is observed to vary from 702 cm~(-3) to 1289 cm~(-3), with a mean of 961 ± 161 cm~(-3)(95% confidence interval), representing the CCN activity of marine air masses. Whereas, the mean NCCNof 1628 ± 193 cm~(-3) at a supersaturation of 1% is higher than anticipated for the marine background. When the number of CCN spectra is 1293, the value of k is 0.57 ± 0.03(99% confidence interval)and its probability distribution shows cumulative counts significant at k ≈ 0.55 ± 0.25. The results are found to be better at representing the features of the marine environment(103 cm~(-3) and k ≈ 0.5) and useful for validating CCN closure studies for Indian sea regions.  相似文献   

Experimental investigation on static and dynamic resilient moduli of compacted fine soil     

QiuBo Yan  Feng Zhang  KangWei Tang  ShuJuan Wang  Yan Liu 《寒旱区科学》2017,9(3):297-306

To investigate the static and dynamic resilient modulus of fine soil, and adapting to the new design code and maintenance system of highway subgrade in China, a series of static and dynamic tests were carried out according to the standard laboratory test methods (JTG E40-2007 and JTG D30-2015, respectively). The effects of initial water content, compactness and freeze-thaw cycles on the static and dynamic resilient moduli of fine soil were investigated and analyzed. Experimental test results show that with increasing water content, dry density and freeze-thaw cycles, the static moduli reduces about 10.2%~40.0%, 14.4%~45.5%, and 24.0%~50.3%, and dynamic moduli reduces about 10.9%~90.8%, 2.5%~38.4%, and 0.0%~46.0%, respectively. Then, the empirical mathematical relationship between static and dynamic resilient moduli was established under different water content, dry density and freeze-thaw cycles. The investigation results can be used to determine the dynamic modulus of fine soil by widely used static modulus, which could meet the requirement of adopting dynamic modulus index in new specification.  相似文献   

国家经济增速与国家竞争力/影响力的时空关系     

王成金  孙东琪 《地理科学》2016,36(7):998-1007

经济发展速度一直是各国家经济发展水平的重要测度指标,但国家经济增速与国家竞争/影响力之间的关系及可能的阈值需要进行深入地研究,尤其是在中国经济增速下滑的背景下,迫切需要阐释经济增速下降是否影响国家竞争力/影响力。在评述既有研究进展的基础上,采用时空分析路径,探讨国家经济发展速度与国家竞争力/影响力的时空关系。首先,从历史的角度分析了15世纪以来世界权力中心的演变路径,考察了英国、美国等世界权力中心的国家经济增速变化,总结其发展规律,考察国家影响力与国家经济增速之间的对应关系。然后着眼于空间视角,考察目前国家经济增速与国家竞争力的空间分异,尤其是考察两者之间关系的分异关系,总结主要特征与规律。研究发现国家经济增速与国家影响力之间并非存在严格的线性关系,但国家影响力的培育与强化仍需要一定的经济增速进行支撑,而国家经济增速与国家竞争力之间呈现逆向的对应关系,经济高速增长的国家往往竞争力较低,竞争力较高的国家往往有较低的经济增速甚至负增长。  相似文献   

Spatio-temporal dynamics of land cover and land surface temperature in Ganges-Brahmaputra delta: A comparative analysis between India and Bangladesh     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2016

Land use and land cover (LULC) change in the Ganges-Brahmaputra delta (GBD) poses significant challenges towards future environmental sustainability of the region and requires regional scale monitoring of key bio-physical variables and changes in their inter-relationship over space and time. Focusing on the southern part of the lower GBD region along the international border of India and Bangladesh, this study examined the spatio-temporal variability of LULC change and its relationship with Land Surface Temperature (LST). Furthermore, LULC-LST relationships were compared between Indian and Bangladesh part and its trend in and around big cities (with more than 1 million population) and towns (with more than 100,000 population) was investigated. Results showed that LST changes were predominantly driven by LULC changes on both sides of the border. Urban growth is the dominant form of LULC change, and the rate of land change was faster in 2005–2010 time period than 1989–2005. Over the period of 21 years, mean January LST decreased by approximately 1.83 °C in Indian part and 1.85 °C in the Bangladesh part. Areas that changed from to rural from agricultural experienced decrease in mean LST, whereas those areas that changed to urban from either agriculture or rural, experienced increase in mean LST. The relationship between LULC and LST are same on both sides of the Indo-Bangladesh border. In bigger cities like Kolkata (in India) and Khulna (in Bangladesh), there is a high spatial variability in relationship between LULC and LST compared to large towns. The LULC-LST relationship in large towns in India was influenced by proximity to Kolkata and coastal areas, whereas in Bangladesh no such influence was evident. The results and the data produced in this study are crucial for monitoring LULC changes, for developing spatial decision support system, and thus will be helpful to address the current challenges of land management in the GBD region. Changes in the LULC and LST are important indicators of GBD's environmental health and access its vulnerability and thus the present findings serve as baseline information for future studies seeking to examine the impact of differential policies on the LULC change in the region.  相似文献   

真核生物mRNA折叠结构与生物功能的理论研究     

张静 《天文研究与技术》1999,(1)

简要介绍和评述了预测ＲＮＡ折叠结构（主要是ＲＮＡ二级结构）的理论方法,对以ＲＮＡ二级结构为基础的ＲＮＡ三级结构的构建方法和分子力学进行了初步探索和研究。真核细胞前体ｍＲＮＡ中内含子的剪接过程涉及剪接位点（内含子的５′、３′剪接位点和分枝点）的核苷序列与一些小蛋白质分子之间特定的专一相互作用。对大量内含子、外显子－内含子－外显子以及外显子－外显子的核苷酸片段二级结构的分析表明,剪接位点大多位于二级结构的环区。剪接位点的这种结构分布特征与剪接过程的化学反应机制相符合,并可以作为识别剪接位点的一种结构信号。对ｍＲＮＡ和由其编码的蛋白质折叠结构进行比较研究后发现,两者之间存在着相关性：两者的二级结构单元（即ｍＲＮＡ二级结构的发夹,蛋白质中α－螺旋和β－折叠片）数基本上相同;蛋白质转角区域与ｍＲＮＡ二级结构的环区对应;两者的结构元素在空间上的排布相一致等。详细分析密码子在ｍＲＮＡ二级结构中的分布还发现,密码子在ＲＮＡ二级结构中的分布规律与氨基酸的构象性质有一定联系。这些结果提示,ｍＲＮＡ与蛋白质之间除了存在一维线性遗传关系外,很可能还存在着某种三维结构的遗传关系  相似文献   

澳门人地关系研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

胡兆量  李燕茹  阮学金 《地理学报》1999,54(6):481-486

从１６世纪中叶到２０世纪末叶,澳门的城市性质和城市功能发生多次急剧变化。人地关系一些要点在澳门的发展和变化中都有反映。澳门在浙、闽、粤沿海众多的港口中脱颖而出反映自然环境是社会是社会发展必不可少的条件。澳门成为东西方交流的桥梁反映自然环境在人地关系的演变,澳门经济转型艰难反映人文资源在人地关系中的地位呈上升趋势。澳门的城市形象和空间格局有抹不掉的自然印记,反映人地关系的发展是利用自然和利用自然规律  相似文献   

南京地区雨滴谱参数的详细统计分析及其在天气雷达探测中的应用     

黄兴友  印佳楠  马雷  黄兆楚 《大气科学》2019,43(3):691-704

雨滴谱包含了降雨的丰富信息,不仅能反映雨滴群的微物理特性,也能反映降雨类型、降雨强度等宏观特性,并且在雷达气象领域也有重要的价值。论文对2015和2016年度南京地区32次降雨过程的雨滴谱资料进行了处理、并对多种雨滴参数进行了详细的统计和分析,拟合了层状云降雨、对流云降雨以及积层混合云降雨的雨滴谱Gamma分布参数。另外,还基于雨滴谱数据拟合了雷达反射率因子Z与降雨强度R的Z-R关系,计算了差分反射率Z_DR、相位常数K_DP以及衰减参数,并利用衰减参数进行了C波段雷达回波的衰减订正试验。结果表明:（1）层状云降雨的各微物理参数比较稳定,积雨云的变化剧烈;层云降雨和积层混合云降雨的中雨滴、积雨云降雨的大雨滴对雷达反射率因子的贡献最大。（2）积雨云降雨的滴谱最宽,层状云降雨的最窄。（3）利用依据雨滴谱数据拟合的三类降雨Z-R关系,可以一定程度地提高雷达估测降雨的精度。（4）利用基于雨滴谱数据拟合的衰减系数,有效地进行了C波段双偏振雷达回波强度的衰减订正,体现了统计参数和拟合参数准确性。  相似文献   

皖南青阳及周边地区农业地质背景   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

周俊  朱江  胡礼军  秦颖 《安徽地质》1999,(2)

根据农业上的应用需求,对皖南青阳及周边地区区域农业地质背景（包括区域地貌背景、地层和岩浆岩背景、地质构造和地球化学背景）进行了综合研究,并以此总结提出区域农业发展的地质制约因素和有利条件以及应该注意的地化因素的潜在影响。  相似文献   

基于改进型前馈神经网络的流域产流预报模型的研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王栋  曹升乐 《水文》1999,(6):8-11

在分析流域产流机制、影响因素和现行产流计算方法的基础上,首次取前期影响雨量、主产流历时、全过程面平均雨量和４个代表雨强计７个因子作为神经网络输入,直接以流域产流深作为神经网络输出,并针对传统ＢＰ算法的固有缺陷,采用混合ＧＮ－ＢＦＧＳ算法训练网络。实例验证了所建模型及算法的有效性和可行性。还对神经网络隐层单位数等进行了初步研究。  相似文献