沁水煤层气田高阶煤解吸气碳同位素分馏特征及其意义   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

胡国艺  李谨  马成华  李志生  张敏  周强 《地学前缘》2007,14(6):267-272

沁水盆地是我国煤层气勘探开发的重要有利区,沁水煤层气田位于盆地东南部。对采自沁水煤层气田两口井的煤开展了罐解吸实验。结果表明,该地区煤层气解吸速率很快,96 h后解吸气量都达到了总解吸气量的60%~85%,720 h后解吸过程基本结束;解吸气量大,平均在18 m3/t以上。煤层气解吸过程中甲烷发生碳同位素分馏,δ13C1值变化与解吸率呈良好的线性关系,参考这种正相关关系曲线,定期监视煤层气降压排采过程中甲烷δ13C1值的变化情况,可以大致推测出该地区煤层气解吸率,从而预测煤层气的采出程度。跟踪测试沁水煤层气田A1和A1-3井在试采过程的甲烷δ13C1变化情况,推测现在采出的煤层气可能主要是煤层裂隙中以游离形式存在的煤层气,表明该区煤层气稳产性较好,资源前景广阔。  相似文献   

Evaluation of Pb-Pb and U-Pb Laser Ablation ICP-MSZircon Dating using Matrix-Matched Calibration Sampleswith a Frequency Quadrupled (266 nm)Nd-YAG Laser     

Olivier Bruguier  Philippe Télouk  Alain Cocherie  Anne-Marie Fouillac  Francis Albarède 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2001,25(2-3):361-373

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Structural and vibrational behaviour of fluorapatite with pressure. Part I: in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction investigation     

P. Comodi  Yu Liu  P. F. Zanazzi  M. Montagnoli 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2001,28(4):219-224

Using single-crystal X-ray diffraction from a diamond anvil cell, the compressibility of a synthetic fluorapatite was determined up to about 7?GPa. The compression pattern was anisotropic, with greater change along a than c. Unit cell parameters varied linearly with β _a =3.32(8)?10^?3 and β _c =2.40(5)?10^?3 GPa^?1, giving a ratio β _a :β _c =1.38:1. Data fitted with a third-order Birch-Murnaghan EOS yielded a bulk modulus of K ₀=93(4)?GPa with K′=5.8(1.8). The evolution of the crystal structure of fluorapatite was analysed using data collected at room pressure, at 3.04 and 4.72?GPa. The bulk modulus of phosphate tetrahedron is about three times greater than the bulk modulus of calcium polyhedra. The values were 270(10), 100(4) and 86(3) GPa for P, Ca1 (nine-coordinated) and Ca2 (seven-coordinated) respectively. While the calcium polyhedra became more regular with pressure, the distortion of the phosphate tetrahedron remained unchanged. The size of the channel extending along the [001] direction represented the most compressible direction. The Ca2–Ca2 distance decreased from 3.982 to 3.897?Å on compression from 0.0001 to 4.72?GPa. The anisotropic compressional pattern may be understood in terms of the greater compressibility of the channel size over the polyhedral units. The reduction of the channel volume was measured by the evolution of the trigonal prism, having the Ca2–Ca2–Ca2 triangle as its base and the c lattice parameter as its height. This prism volume changed from 47.3?ų at room pressure to 44.78?ų at 4.72?GPa. Its relatively high bulk moduli, 86(3) GPa, indicated that the channel did not collapse with pressure and the apatite structure could remain stable at very high pressure.  相似文献   

Modeling of dioctahedral 2:1 phyllosilicates by means of transferable empirical potentials   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

C. I. Sainz-Diaz  A. Hernández-Laguna  M. T. Dove 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2001,28(2):130-141

 Dioctahedral 2:1 phyllosilicates with different interlayer charge have been studied theoretically by using transferable empirical interatomic potentials. The crystal structures of pyrophyllite, muscovite, margarite, beidellite, montmorillonite, and different smectites and illites have been simulated. The interatomic potentials were able to reproduce the experimental structure of phyllosilicates with high, medium and low interlayer charge. The calculated structures are in agreement with experiment for the main structural features of the crystal lattice. The effect of the cation substitution in the octahedral and tetrahedral sheets on the structural features has been also studied. Good linear relationships have been found, and the calculated effects are consistent with experimental results. Some unknown structural features of the crystal structures of clays are predicted in this work. Received: 8 March 2000 / Accepted: 19 September 2000  相似文献   

热液体系氢、氧同位素分馏机制及其地质意义   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

陈振胜  张理刚 《地质学报》1992,66(2):158-169

探讨了热液体系氢、氧同位素地球化学行为及其与水/岩交换同位素分馏的内在关系。有效W/R值是除温度条件外,另一控制蚀变岩石和热液水氢、氧同位素组成变化的因素。此外还根据数个矿区成矿热液水和蚀变岩石氢、氧同位素组成及变化特征对水/岩交换和W/R值的应用及地质意义展开讨论。最后提出热液体系中大气降水和岩浆热液水氢、氧同位素组成演化模式简图。  相似文献   

Studies on Separation of Heavy Metals from Acidic Solutions by Foam Fractionation with Respect to an Application on Acidic Soil Extracts     

S. Wmmel  W. Calmano 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1992,20(5):265-268

An experimental investigation is presented on the batch foam fractionation of the heavy metal cations Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺, Sb³⁺ and As⁵⁺ from diluted aqueous solutions with hexamethylenedithiocarbamate (HMDC) as complexing agent and sodiumdodecylsulfate (SDS) as surfactant. Among the considered pH-values of 2,4 and 7 the pH 2 experiments allow a direct application of foam fractionation on acidic extracts from heavy metal contaminated soil. The experiments at pH 2 and pH 4 show better results than those at neutral pH. Although a simple device was used, a maximum enrichment factor of 13.8 and a minimum removal factor of 0.01 have been measured. The flotation with weak organic acids like citric acid (CA) and acetic acid (AA) show about 50–70% smaller enrichment factors than those acidified with hydrochloric acid. The dissolution and mixing of the reacting components as well as the concentration of the detergent and the gaseous volume flow can be regarded as basic parameters of foam fractionation.  相似文献   

稳定氯同位素分馏机理及其应用的研究     

王佩仪 《地质科技情报》1993,12(3):83-88

过去一直认为稳定氯同位素比值(~(37)Cl/~(35)Cl)几乎不变。80年代以来利用高精度质谱法成功地发现了自然界氯同位素分馏作用。单纯的溶解和对流迁移作用不能引起同位素组分变化,而扩散作用、离子渗透作用和对流混合作用却可导致同位素分馏。各地不同深度海水的氯同位素成分极为一致,故以标准平均海水氯(SMOC)作为对比标准。得克萨斯—路易斯安那海湾油田水的δ~(37)Cl大致为+0.5‰~-1.25‰,且与氯浓度大致呈正相关。热液成矿系统中,氯同位素可作为研究矿床成因的示踪剂,如美国田纳西州密西西比河谷型矿床(MVD)的δ~(37)Cl在+0.2‰~-1.1‰之间,几个斑岩铜矿床(PVD)的早期脉岩与晚期脉岩中不同δ~(37)Cl的存在,都表明在成矿过程中有不同氯源的参与。  相似文献   

Intracrystalline fractionation of Fe in synthetic (Fe, Mg, Zn) - bearing staurolite: a Mössbauer spectroscopic study     

M. Koch-Müller  I. Abs-Wurmbach  W. Bubenik 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1999,26(4):312-321

⁵⁷Fe-Mössbauer spectra of eleven Fe-Mg-bearing staurolite samples, synthesized at 5, 20 and 25 kbar and 680°C, ranging in composition from x_Fe?=1.00 to x_Fe?=0.15, and of two Zn-Fe-bearing staurolite samples, synthesized at 20 kbar and 700°C with x_Fe?=0.10 and x_Fe?=0.32 were collected at room temperature. The spectra reveal that about 80% of Fe_tot (in case of Fe-Mg-bearing staurolite) and about 70% of Fe_tot (in case of Fe-Zn-bearing staurolite) are located as Fe²⁺ at the three subsites Fe1, Fe2 and Fe3 of the tetrahedral T2-site. The refinement of the spectra results in almost identical values for the isomer shift (IS) (±1.0 mm/s) but significantly different values for the quadropole splitting (QS) for the three subsites which is in accordance with the different distortions of these sites. About 8% of Fe_tot (in case of Fe-Mg-bearing staurolite) and 13% of Fe_tot (in case of Fe-Zn-bearing staurolite) are located as Fe²⁺ at the octahedral M4 site, while the remainder percents of Fe_tot indistinguishably occur as Fe²⁺ at the octahedral M1 and M2 sites of the kyanite-like part of the structure. Within the whole Fe-Mg-staurolite solid solution series the Mössbauer parameters QS of the sites M4 and (M1, M2) vary systematically with composition whereas IS remains constant. There is a high negative correlation of the total Mg-content with Fe-occupation of all the Fe-bearing sites indicating a continuous substitution of Fe²⁺ by Mg on all these sites. Synthetic Fe-staurolites show no increasing occupation of the octahedral sites by two-valent cations with pressure, as was assumed by several authors.  相似文献   

The role of coarse colloids as a carrier phase for trace metals in riverine systems   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Davide Vignati  Janusz Dominik 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2003,65(2):129-142

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Crystal chemistry of some Mg,Cr, V normal spinels from Sludyanka (Lake Baikal,Russia): the influence of V<Superscript>3+</Superscript> on structural stability     

B.?LavinaEmail author  L.Z.?Reznitskii  F.?Bosi 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2003,30(10):599-605

A suite of vanadian magnesiochromites from the Sludyanka metamorphic complex (South Lake Baikal, Russia) were investigated by means of X-ray single-crystal structural refinements and microprobe analyses. Various morphological types of Cr–V-bearing Mg spinels are located in calc–silicate metamorphic rocks, in an assemblage that also contains other Cr–V minerals such as escolaite–karelianite, uvarovite–goldmanite, Cr–V-bearing clinopyroxene, tourmaline, amphibole, mica, etc. Along the suite there is widespread V–Cr substitution (0.14 V³⁺ 0.95 afu, 1.02 Cr³⁺ 1.80 afu), and minor, variable Al contents. The Mg content of slightly lesser than 1 afu, is almost constant. Cell parameters and octahedral bond distances increase with V³⁺. Unexpectedly, the Mg–O tetrahedral bond distance also increases slowly with V³⁺. This weak dragging effect contributes towards maintaining distortion of the oxygen array with respect to the ideal CCP, thus providing a shielding effect, which reduces V³⁺–V³⁺ repulsion. This leads to the energetic stabilization of the structure, in spite of the increase of bond strain with increasing V³⁺ contents.  相似文献