深厚覆盖层坝基防渗墙深度研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

谢兴华  王国庆 《岩土力学》2009,30(9):2708-2712

在西部山区深厚覆盖层上建设高坝,坝基防渗是关系到工程成败的关键。塑性混凝土防渗墙加灌浆帷幕防渗体系已经在多座大坝工程中应用,实践证明是成功的。由于坝基防渗墙建设控制工期,并且工期较长,在满足防渗要求的条件下应尽量减少工程量。研究防渗墙的合理深度,能够在一定程度上减少工程量,优化施工工期。基于改进阻力系数法求得防渗墙底部坡降随防渗墙深度变化的解析解,并且通过数值模拟方法详细研究了深覆盖层内防渗墙深度变化时防渗墙底部水头、坡降的变化规律。认为深厚覆盖层内设置防渗墙的深度并非越深越好,而是存在一个最优深度。最优深度的取值取决于覆盖层的深度。一般情况下,相对深度比（防渗墙最优深度与覆盖层深度之比）在0.7左右为防渗的最优取值。  相似文献   

湖北屈家岭遗址孢粉、炭屑记录与古文明发展^*   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

李宜垠  侯树芳  莫多闻 《古地理学报》2009,11(6):702-710

湖北屈家岭遗址附近的河湖相沉积剖面及文化层的孢粉和炭屑分析表明,距今5400—4200年间,遗址周边地区分布有常绿阔叶和落叶阔叶林,大量的禾本科(Gramineae)和松属(Pinus)花粉及炭屑表明这一时期有强烈的人类活动,暖湿的气候条件为屈家岭文化和石家河文化发展奠定了基础。距今4200—2200年间,莎草科（Cyperaceae）花粉和水蕨(Ceratopteris)孢子的减少反映生境干旱化,遗址周边发育由蒿属（Artemisia）、藜科(Chenopodiaceae)、唐松草（Thalictrum）和蕨类植物组成的坡草丛;这种生境干旱化是由气候变干和强烈人类活动所致。伴随着生境日趋干旱化,屈家岭文化和石家河文化走向衰亡。距今2200年前,莎草科花粉和水蕨孢子含量增加表明这一时期遗址周围生境比较湿润,与此同时,大量的禾本科花粉及高浓度的炭屑指示着又一人类活动高潮期的到来。  相似文献   

Damping formulation for nonlinear 1D site response analyses   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Camilo Phillips  Youssef M.A. Hashash 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2009

Measurements and observations of ground shaking during large earthquakes have demonstrated the predominant role of site effects in the response of infrastructure during a seismic event. Despite significant efforts to model the hysteretic response and nonlinearity of soils due to medium and large ground motions, the most widely accepted nonlinear site response methods are not able to represent simultaneously the changes of stiffness and energy dissipation (damping) observed in both laboratory tests and during earthquake events. This paper presents two new soil damping formulations implemented in nonlinear one-dimensional site response analysis for small and large strains. The first formulation introduces an approach to construct a frequency-independent viscous damping matrix which reduces the over-damping at high frequencies, and therefore, the filtering at those frequencies. The second formulation introduces a reduction factor that modifies the extended Masing loading/unloading strain–stress relationship to match measured modulus reduction and damping curves simultaneously over a wide range of shear strains. A set of examples are introduced to illustrate the effect of using the two proposed formulations, separately and simultaneously, in nonlinear site response analyses.  相似文献   

粘弹性浅圆弧形山谷地形对地震动谱特性的影响     

荣棉水  李小军  吕悦军  尤红兵 《地震研究》2009,32(1)

基于凹陷地形对SV波的散射进行了分析,通过与解析解的对比,对所采用的数值算法进行了检验,然后利用钟形脉冲作为SH波输入,获得了浅圆山谷地形的地表响应,进而获得了不同观测点对自由场地点的谱比,并利用谱比研究了浅圆弧形山谷地形特征尺寸(深宽比)、波的入射角度以及介质阻尼效应等几个因素对地震动特性的影响.结果显示,浅圆弧形山谷地形的特征尺寸和地震波入射角度对地震动谱特性影响较大,影响程度与入射地震波频率有关.其中,入射角度的影响更显著.  相似文献   

Hydrodynamic characteristics of the Tam Pokhari glacial lake outburst flood in the Mt. Everest region,Nepal   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Rabindra Osti  Shinji Egashira 《水文研究》2009,23(20):2943-2955

The Tam Pokhari glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF), which occurred in 1998 in the Mt. Everest region of Nepal, was evaluated using hydrodynamic models to gain a better understanding of the flow behaviour. The flood wave was analysed separately under rigid and erodible boundary conditions. In both cases, the calculated dam‐breach hydrograph, which had a peak discharge of about 10 000 m³/s, was routed through the Inkhu River, which originates from the lake. The morphologic changes along the river were also analysed and the results were compared with satellite images, field observations and recorded data. In the case of rigid boundaries, the routing procedure gradually attenuated the peaks of the hydrographs to account for hydraulic pooling in narrow gorges and storage in the channel. In the case of erodible boundaries, such effects were minimized due to the increment in channel capacity associated with erosion by debris flow. The study revealed that the GLOF event produced a large‐scale debris flow. Additionally, the results revealed that erosion and deposition took place intermittently, but that approximately 440 000 m³ of sediment was deposited about 14 km downstream from the lake mouth. The calculated peak of the water and sediment mixture at 14·4 km was found to be 30 000 m³/s, which is almost 6 times as large as that observed when the rigid boundary conditions were used. Further, the increase in the peaks of the hydrographs due to sediment transport was the primary reason for the destruction associated with the GLOF. These findings suggest that the local sedimentology and topography, as well as other geo‐hazard conditions in the area, should be carefully evaluated before recommending any control measures against GLOFs in the Himalayan region. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

回首邢台地震现场的日日夜夜   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王泽皋  马凤霞  李红梅 《山西地震》2009,(3):26-31

记述了1966年3月8日河北邢台地震前中国科学院地球物理研究所地震预报研究工作的进展情况,以及地震发生后地震科技人员在地震现场工作的实践活动,总结了现场工作中提出的一些行之有效的方法,指出了邢台地震现场工作的历史意义。  相似文献   

Site dependence of far-source ground motions during the Wenchuan earthquake     

Longjun Xu  Haiying Yu  Wenhai Cao  Lili Xie 《地震学报(英文版)》2009,(5):531-537

  相似文献   

覆水场地地震反应分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

席仁强  陈国兴  王志华 《地震学刊》2009,(6):610-617

随着各种海洋结构物的兴建,覆水场地的地震反应逐渐成为研究热点。基于任意拉格朗日-欧拉描述,推导时变区域上的流体运动方程,给出流场、结构的接触条件和流场网格运动控制方法。对于平坦覆水场地,水平向地震动作用下,根据Couette流理论证明该类场地流体作用可以忽略;竖向地震动激励下,横向均匀场地可以通过动水压力公式准确考虑流体作用,横向非均匀场地则需要通过流固耦合方法考虑流体作用,以海底隧道为例加以说明。对于起伏场地,天然起伏场地在地震动激励下的动力反应具有明显的流固耦合特征,以三角形起伏场地为算例;结构物的兴建造成的人工起伏场地同样需要考虑流固耦合效应,以某沉管隧道在水平向地震动激励下的动力反应为算例,并根据结果初步提出该类结构物流固耦合分析的简化计算方法。  相似文献   

应用物探方法检测钱塘江堤塘的初步实践   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

葛双成  毛坚  方自亮  徐建华  刘超英 《地球物理学进展》2009,24(5):1882-1887

以笔者参与的钱塘江大堤某标准堤塘为例,针对其不同堤段存在的不均匀沉降、裂损以及沉降和回弹变形的某些规律性现象,通过工程特点和探测环境的具体分析,采用探地雷达、瑞雷波法和地震映像法基本查明了其原因,并对该堤段质量现状进行初步分析评价.  相似文献   

湾河粉煤灰堆场岩溶渗漏评价   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

丁坚平  段先前  段黎  曹兴民  杨绍萍 《中国岩溶》2009,28(4):381-384

湾河粉煤灰堆场位于黔中典型的峰丛洼地中,存在严重的堆场废水渗漏。为确切评价其渗漏特征,在堆场及其周围开展了相应的水文地质勘探及连通试验。结果表明,堆场地下水位低于邻近的波玉河水位6.5 m,堆场废水不可能向波玉河发生渗漏,而是越过灰场北西侧峰丛地带沿F1断层向西距堆场约3 km以外的邻谷的S2潭、S3泉渗漏。渗漏点为堆场洼地中分布的串珠状落水洞,渗漏为裂隙管道型,地下水流速为57.2 m/h,渗漏水动力条件复杂。堆场废水污染渗漏治理不仅要解决堆场中串珠状落水洞的防渗,而且要保证堆场北侧山体包气带岩溶的防渗,因此建议采用水平防渗方案。   相似文献