北仑河口动力特征及其对河口演变的影响     

陈波  邱绍芳 《广东海洋大学学报》2000,20(1)

对北仑河口自然环境动力要素的分析表明 ,河川径流、波浪、沿岸流及潮流是北仑河口演变的主要动力因素 ,三者的叠加不但使河道的大小、位置、形态等发生变化 ,而且还造成河岸的严重侵蚀  相似文献   

Laboratory Exploration of Solar Energetic Phenomena     

David Alexander 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2007,307(1-3):197-202

The solar atmosphere displays a wide variety of dynamic phenomena driven by the interaction of magnetic fields and plasma. In particular, plasma jets in the solar chromosphere and corona, coronal heating, solar flares and coronal mass ejections all point to the presence of magnetic phenomena such as reconnection, flux cancellation, the formation of magnetic islands, and plasmoids. While we can observe the signatures and gross features of such phenomena we cannot probe the essential physics driving them, given the spatial resolution of current instrumentation. Flexible and well-controlled laboratory experiments, scaled to solar parameters, open unique opportunities to reproduce the relevant unsteady phenomena under various simulated solar conditions. The ability to carefully control these parameters in the laboratory allows one to diagnose the dynamical processes which occur and to apply the knowledge gained to the understanding of similar processes on the Sun, in addition directing future solar observations and models. This talk introduces the solar phenomena and reviews the contributions made by laboratory experimentation.  相似文献   

Adaptive fuzzy controller design for dynamic positioning system of vessels     

《Applied Ocean Research》2015

This paper develops an adaptive fuzzy controller for the dynamic positioning (DP) system of vessels with unknown dynamic model parameters and unknown time-varying environmental disturbances. The controller is designed by combining the adaptive fuzzy system with the vectorial backstepping method. An adaptive fuzzy system is employed to approximate the uncertain term induced by unknown dynamic model parameters and unknown time-varying environmental disturbances. It is theoretically proved that the proposed adaptive fuzzy DP controller can make the vessel be maintained at the desired values of its position and heading with arbitrary accuracy, while guaranteeing the uniform ultimate boundedness of all signals in the closed-loop DP control system of vessels. Simulation studies with comparisons on a supply vessel are carried out, and the results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.  相似文献   

一次台风变性并入东北冷涡过程的动力诊断分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

梁钊明  王东海 《大气科学》2015,39(2):397-412

台风北移变性并入东北冷涡是造成东北地区夏季大范围暴雨的主要形式之一, 但其中的热动力结构变化特征及其物理机制尚不清晰。本文利用美国国家环境预报中心(NCEP)的再分析资料对一次台风变性并入东北冷涡过程进行动力诊断分析, 分析结果显示:冷涡冷空气的不断侵入以及台风移动形成的相对冷平流使得台风暖心结构消亡, 其低层低压辐合和高层高压辐散结构消失, 变性并入东北冷涡后气旋整层偏冷, 低层出现冷中心。台风变性并入东北冷涡过程中, 冷涡中心附近高空急流南侧的反气旋切变抑制气旋直接往高空发展, 而急流轴左侧的热动力分布特征有利于垂直涡度的发展, 变性后的气旋环流向冷涡的移近有利于急流轴维持倾斜, 从而促进气旋向高空冷涡倾斜发展。同时, 冷空气在气旋低层附近堆积导致等假相当位温线发生倾斜, 造成垂直涡度在气旋中层倾斜发展。台风变性并入东北冷涡后, 高空冷涡槽底的正垂直涡度平流促进气旋由中层直接向高层发展, 而高空冷涡槽底急流促进正垂直涡度平流的维持。气旋高空环流的发展反过来削弱了东北冷涡的高层环流, 导致高空冷涡中心出现北撤。  相似文献   

世界各国日像仪主要性能比较     

姬国枢  王威  何俊波 《天文研究与技术》2010,7(2)

本文是世界各国日像仪的天线阵性能汇集,包括日、俄、法、中、美等专用日像仪及美国、印度、巴西等兼作日像仪的天线阵,列出了几个典型天线阵列排列及接收系统。附录中列出了等口径及不等口径天线阵列的灵敏度及动态范围计算公式,同时列出了视场、角分辨率等公式。便于读者自行分析,计算,比较各天线阵列性能。  相似文献   

Investigation of Uncertainties of Establishment Schemes in Dynamic Global Vegetation Models简     

SONG Xiang  ZENG Xiaodong 《大气科学进展》2014,31(1):85-94

In Dynamic Global Vegetation Models （DGVMs）, the establishment of woody vegetation refers to flowering, fertiliza- tion, seed production, germination, and the growth of tree seedlings. It determines not only the population densities but also other important ecosystem structural variables. In current DGVMs, establishments of woody plant functional types （PFTs） are assumed to be either the same in the same grid cell, or largely stochastic. We investigated the uncertainties in the competition of establishment among coexisting woody PFTs from three aspects： the dependence of PFT establishments on vegetation states; background establishment; and relative establishment potentials of different PFTs. Sensitivity experi- ments showed that the dependence of establishment rate on the fractional coverage of a PFT favored the dominant PFT by increasing its share in establishment. While a small background establishment rate had little impact on equilibrium states of the ecosystem, it did change the timescale required for the establishment of alien species in pre-existing forest due to their disadvantage in seed competition during the early stage of invasion. Meanwhile, establishment purely fiom background （the scheme commonly used in current DGVMs） led to inconsistent behavior in response to the change in PFT specification （e.g., number of PFTs and their specification）. Furthermore, the results also indicated that trade-off between irtdividual growth and reproduction/colonization has significant influences on the competition of establishment. Hence, further development of es- tablishment parameterization in DGVMs is essential in reducing the uncertainties in simulations of both ecosystem structures and successions.  相似文献   

西安地区地裂缝带黄土动力特性试验研究     

慕焕东  邓亚虹  彭建兵 《工程地质学报》2014,22(5):951-957

汾渭盆地是我国乃至世界上地裂缝最为发育,灾害最为严重的地区。考虑到地裂缝灾害对场地条件的影响,尤其是对场地土体的动力特性及动力响应的影响,本文在等压固结条件下,对西安地区地裂缝带黄土进行不同围压下的固结不排水(CU)动三轴试验,获取动力学参数,在此基础上分析了地裂缝带黄土动剪切模量随动剪应变变化特征曲线以及阻尼比随动剪应变变化特征曲线,并对所获得实验曲线进行回归拟合,进而建立了地裂缝带黄土的等效黏弹性动力本构模型,为进一步分析场地土体的动力响应奠定基础。  相似文献   

列车振动荷载作用下南京细砂振动累积变形特性试验研究     

庄海洋  陈磊  沈礼伟  左玉峰 《工程地质学报》2014,22(6):1294-1300

列车振动荷载作用下松散砂土振密造成的早期路基沉降将对列车的正常运行产生很大的影响。本文以南京地区新近沉积片状细砂为研究对象,采用英国GDS空心圆柱扭剪仪模拟列车振动荷载的实际应力路径,并考虑排水条件、试样围压和加载幅值等因素,初步研究了2000列次(14000振次)列车振动荷载作用下南京新近沉积片状细砂的振动排水特性和竖向累积变形特性。实验结果表明,试样围压对南京片状细砂的竖向累积变形的影响较为明显,同时,当试验围压较小时,加载幅值对试样的竖向累积变形的影响更大。其次,排水条件主要对列车运营前期的路基累积变形产生明显的影响,对后期的累积变形的影响基本可以忽略。最后,根据试验结果,本文也初步给出了排水条件和不排水条件下南京片状细砂的竖向累积应变增长曲线的新预测公式及其参数取值。研究结论对列车振动荷载作用下新近沉积砂性土的动力学特性及其累积变形的计算方法等问题的研究具有很好的参考价值。  相似文献   

Large deformation dynamic analysis of saturated porous media with applications to penetration problems     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2014

This paper outlines the development as well as implementation of a numerical procedure for coupled finite element analysis of dynamic problems in geomechanics, particularly those involving large deformations and soil-structure interaction. The procedure is based on Biot’s theory for the dynamic behaviour of saturated porous media. The nonlinear behaviour of the solid phase of the soil is represented by either the Mohr Coulomb or Modified Cam Clay material model. The interface between soil and structure is modelled by the so-called node-to-segment contact method. The contact algorithm uses a penalty approach to enforce constraints and to prevent rigid body interpenetration. Moreover, the contact algorithm utilises a smooth discretisation of the contact surfaces to decrease numerical oscillations. An Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) scheme preserves the quality and topology of the finite element mesh throughout the numerical simulation. The generalised-α method is used to integrate the governing equations of motion in the time domain. Some aspects of the numerical procedure are validated by solving two benchmark problems. Subsequently, dynamic soil behaviour including the development of excess pore-water pressure due to the fast installation of a single pile and the penetration of a free falling torpedo anchor are studied. The numerical results indicate the robustness and applicability of the proposed method. Typical distributions of the predicted excess pore-water pressures generated due to the dynamic penetration of an object into a saturated soil are presented, revealing higher magnitudes of pore pressure at the face of the penetrometer and lower values along the shaft. A smooth discretisation of the contact interface between soil and structure is found to be a crucial factor to avoid severe oscillations in the predicted dynamic response of the soil.  相似文献   

Assessment of the dynamic behaviour of saturated soil subjected to cyclic loading from offshore monopile wind turbine foundations     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2014

The fatigue life of offshore wind turbines strongly depends on the dynamic behaviour of the structures including the underlying soil. To diminish dynamic amplification and avoid resonance, the eigenfrequency related to the lowest eigenmode of the wind turbine should not coalesce with excitation frequencies related to strong wind, wave and ice loading. Typically, lateral response of monopile foundations is analysed using a beam on a nonlinear Winkler foundation model with soil–pile interaction recommended by the design regulations. However, as it will be shown in this paper, the guideline approaches consequently underestimate the eigenfrequency compared to full-scale measurements. This discrepancy leads the authors to investigate the influence of pore water pressure by utilising a numerical approach and consider the soil medium as a two-phase system consisting of a solid skeleton and a single pore fluid. In the paper, free vibration tests are analysed to evaluate the eigenfrequencies of offshore monopile wind turbine foundations. Since the stiffness of foundation and subsoil strongly affects the modal parameters, the stiffness of saturated soil due to pore water flow generated by cyclic motion of monopiles is investigated using the concept of a Kelvin model. It is found that the permeability of the subsoil has strong influence on the stiffness of the wind turbine that may to some extent explain deviations between experimental and computational eigenfrequencies.  相似文献