Diatoms in sediments of perennially ice-covered Lake Hoare, and implications for interpreting lake history in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica     

S. A. Spaulding  D. M. McKnight  E. F. Stoermer  P. T. Doran 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1997,17(4):403-420

Diatom assemblages in surficial sediments, sediment cores, sediment traps, and inflowing streams of perennially ice-covered Lake Hoare, South Victorialand, Antarctica were examined to determine the distribution of diatom taxa, and to ascertain if diatom species composition has changed over time. Lake Hoare is a closed-basin lake with an area of 1.8 km², maximum depth of 34 m, and mean depth of 14 m, although lake level has been rising at a rate of 0.09 m yr^-1 in recent decades. The lake has an unusual regime of sediment deposition: coarse grained sediments accumulate on the ice surface and are deposited episodically on the lake bottom. Benthic microbial mats are covered in situ by the coarse episodic deposits, and the new surfaces are recolonized. Ice cover prevents wind-induced mixing, creating the unique depositional environment in which sediment cores record the history of a particular site, rather than a lake-wide integration. Shallow-water (<1 m) diatom assemblages (Stauroneis anceps, Navicula molesta, Diadesmis contenta var. parallela, Navicula peraustralis) were distinct from mid-depth (4–16 m) assemblages (Diadesmis contenta, Luticola muticopsis fo. reducta, Stauroneis anceps, Diadesmis contenta var. parallela, Luticola murrayi) and deep-water (26–31 m) assemblages (Luticola murrayi, Luticola muticopsis fo. reducta, Navicula molesta). Analysis of a sediment core (30 cm long, from 11 m water depth) from Lake Hoare revealed two abrupt changes in diatom assemblages. The upper section of the sediment core contained the greatest biomass of benthic microbial mat, as well as the greatest total abundance and diversity of diatoms. Relative abundances of diatoms in this section are similar to the surficial samples from mid-depths. An intermediate zone contained less organic material and lower densities of diatoms. The bottom section of core contained the least amount of microbial mat and organic material, and the lowest density of diatoms. The dominant process influencing species composition and abundance of diatom assemblages in the benthic microbial mats is episodic deposition of coarse sediment from the ice surface.  相似文献   

The transition from people''s property to private property: Consequences of the restitution principle for urban development and urban renewal in East Berlin''s inner-city residential areas     

Bettina Reimann 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》1997,17(4):301-313

The constitutional decision to return to their original owners all real-estate property in East Germany that had either been expropriated or placed under state administration (the restitution principle) has had significant consequences for urban development and urban renewal. Experiences from East Berlin's innercity residential areas illustrate the effects on the state of repair of housing, the character of residential neighbourhoods, the tenants living in the areas affected, and the future structure of real-estate ownership. The case studies reveal a picture of a contradictory development of residential neighbourhoods, including shifting power relations and new polarizations, especially between tenants and landlords.  相似文献   

中国北部边疆第四系地下水研究     

李国安  韩朝平 《第四纪研究》1996,16(2):105-114

在中国北部边疆西起天山东端的北山，东至大兴安岭北段的４２００ｋｍ地域内，气候干旱少雨，水资源贫乏，第四系地下水是主要供水源之一。本文首次比较系统地研究了该区第四纪堆积物的分布和地下水的赋存规律。文中依据不同地貌单元、地层岩性及气候条件诸因素将本区第四系地下水划分为枝状沟谷砂砾石层孔隙水、河谷冲积平原砂砾石层孔隙水两种主要类型，并着重对有重要供水意义的河谷冲积平原砂砾石层孔隙水的分布、埋藏条件、富水性及水化学特征进行了论述。  相似文献   

从碱湖沉积和孢粉组合看内蒙古伊盟地区近5ka以来的古植被古气候变迁   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王吉平  张淑霞  周建民  杨清堂  马秀莲 《化工矿产地质》1996,(4)

内蒙古伊盟地区哈马尔太碱湖沉积特征和孢粉组合特征反映了该区近５ｋａ以来的古植被古气候变迁。研究表明，此期间该区植被由阔叶、灌木草原变为疏树灌木草原，最后变为荒漠草原。在这５ｋａ中存在两次暖期两次冷期，近１．６ｋａ以来以冷干为主。湿润气候只存在于４．５～５．５ｋａＢ．Ｐ．，气候总的趋势是由较湿润变干旱直至干燥。  相似文献   

天山东段尾亚地区白尖山超单元特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

李嵩龄  董富荣  冯新昌 《新疆地质》1996,(3)

早石炭世白尖山超单元横亘于尾亚站东西两侧，沙泉子断裂以南的狭长地带（研究区长５０余千米，宽３～６ｋｍ）。它是北部觉洛塔格早石炭世火山型被动陆缘与其南（以沙泉子断裂为界）卡瓦布拉克古陆块汇聚事件的产物。这次事件导致沿卡瓦布拉克地块北缘成线状分布的巨大岩基链的形成，即该带事实上成为一个活动陆缘弧──白尖山岩浆弧（白尖山超单元）。根据各岩石单元的接触关系，白尖山超单元由早至晚为辉长岩—石英闪长岩—花岗闪长岩—二长花岗岩—钾长花岗岩—碱长花岗岩。从沙泉子断裂向南，大体上反映出偏基性的石英闪长岩单元偏北侧分布，钾长花岗岩及碱长花岗岩单元偏南分布，表现出当时碰撞带的特性。由于晚石炭世末受到韧性剪切作用，大部分产生塑性变形，成为初糜棱岩—超糜棱岩的花岗质岩石，宏观上似具片麻状构造。无论从岩石学、岩石化学及地球化学特征方面来看，均具同源岩浆演化的特征。白尖山超单元侵入于含早石炭世动物化石的卡拉火大山组中，被二叠纪尾亚超单元组合（原尾亚岩体）侵入，测定Ｕ—Ｐｂ同位素年龄为３３８．４Ｍａ及３２５．２４Ｍａ，从而确定白尖山超单元形成时代为早石炭世。  相似文献   

河北平原京津以南深层地下水资源形成规律的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郭永海  刘淑芬 《地质论评》1996,42(5):410-415

本文应用同位素技术，结合含水岩组水文地质结构特征的分析及地下水动力方法的年龄计算，揭示了河北平原京津以南地区深层地下水的形成规律，得出深 地下水资源补给能力及承受开采能力很低的结论，这为今后深 地下不资源的合理开发利用提供了重要依据。  相似文献   

无锡、常州郊区发生地裂缝     

胡建平 《江苏地质》1996,20(1)

无锡、常州郊区发生地裂缝近年来，无锡石塘湾西蔡一秦村～带、常州横林分别出现了地裂缝，其中以钱桥毛村园最为严重，该处地裂缝于１９９１年夏初步形成，随后不断扩大，目前已具一定规模，长约７００ｍ，总体宽约６０ｍ，呈近东西向分布，并造成附近数十间楼房产生大量...  相似文献   

新疆阿尔曼太蛇绿岩时代的Nd—Sr同位素地质研究   总被引：15，自引：7，他引：15  

黄萱  金成伟 《岩石学报》1997,13(1):85-91

本文通过测定采自新疆阿尔曼太兔子泉一带蛇绿岩的堆晶辉长岩、辉绿岩和安山玢岩，获得Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ等时年龄为５６１±４１Ｍａ，εＮｄ（ｔ）＝６．１，Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ等时年龄为３９２±１７Ｍａ，（８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ）ｉ＝０．７０４１，前者为蛇绿岩的形成时代，后者为蛇绿岩遭受后期变质作用的时间。札河坝－阿尔曼太蛇绿岩的形成环境可能是古亚洲洋向南俯冲引起的弧后盆地  相似文献   

滇东早寒武世梅树村期浅色粘土岩层的地球化学特征和地质意义   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张俊明  李国祥 《岩石学报》1997,13(1):100-110

滇东早寒武世梅树村期含磷岩系中出现的十多层浅色粘土岩层为酸性火山灰蚀变而成的变斑脱岩，它们是火山喷发事件和事件地层对比的标志。这些浅色粘土岩层中稳定微量元素Ｈｆ、Ｎｂ、Ｙ、Ｔｈ、Ｚｒ含量高于非火山成因的粘土，而Ｆｅ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｏ、Ｃｒ含量低于筇竹寺组泥岩。ＴｉＯ２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３、Ｚｒ／Ｈｆ、Ｔｉ／Ｔｈ比值属于酸性岩浆范围，球粒标准化稀土元素配分模式和具中至大的Ｅｕ负异常类似于花岗岩稀土配分模式。岩浆判别图指示了梅树村期变斑脱岩具板内花岗岩位置的亚碱性流纹岩和粗面岩岩浆亲缘性。变斑脱岩在地层序列上和区域上分布表明扬子地台西缘早寒武世初期火山活动频繁，火山喷发事件与古大陆解体和板内拉张构造运动有关。  相似文献   

Multiple episodes of tectonothermal processes in the Eastern Ghats granulite belt     

Santanu Kumar Bhowmik 《Journal of Earth System Science》1997,106(3):131-146

A suite of rocks from Borra Carbonate Granulite Complex (BCGC) in the Eastern Ghats granulite belt displays superposed structures and overprinted mineral assemblages that reveal multiple episodes of tectonothermal reworking of the complex under granulite facies condition. Five distinct episodes of deformation (D₁, D₂, D₃, D₄ and D₅) and four phases of metamorphism (M₁, M₂, M₃ and M₄) are recorded. The signature of the earliest tectonothermal event, D₁ is a gneissic foliation (S₁) denned by segregation of peak granulite facies mineral assemblages corresponding to prograde M₁ metamorphism. M₂ metamorphic overprint represents an episode of near-isobaric cooling of the complex under a static condition. D₂ represents an episode of ductile deformation manifested by isoclinal folding (F₂) and associated extensional structures, within a broad framework of coaxial bulk deformation. The present study reveals that D₂ took place subsequent to M₂ - Subsequent deformation, D₃, produced F₃ folds and also deformations of boudins formed during D₂. M₃, which is synchronous with F₃, represents a near isothermal decompression of the BCGC. This was followed by a weak structural readjustment (D₄), producing E-W cross folds. The latter was not, however, associated with any recognizable petrological reworking. In the terminal events, deformation (D₅) and mineral reactions (M₄) were localized along narrow intersecting shear zones. The latter acted as channelways for carbonic and still later hydrous fluid infiltration. The available thermobarometric data from BCGC and other areas of the Eastern Ghats belt reveal that reworking during M₂ and M₃ ensued in a thermally perturbed regime. The high thermal regime might also have persisted during carbonic fluid infiltration related to terminal reworking (M₄).  相似文献