格尔木河表层沉积物重金属污染现状及潜在生态风险评价          下载免费PDF全文

相江芸  王建萍  何袖辉  韩进军  王二龙 《盐湖研究》2020,28(1)

为了解格尔木河所反映的环境现状以及格尔木市开发所带来的影响，对格尔木河表层沉积物共计9个采样点的七种重金属元素（As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn）的浓度分布特征进行了分析，并利用多元统计方法（因子分析、聚类分析及相关性分析）以及不同的污染和生态风险指标进行综合评价，得出以下结论：格尔木河表层沉积物元素Cd主要来源于人类活动输入，Igeo指示元素Cd、Cr在格尔木河下游污染程度达到轻度污染，其他元素无污染，mCd指示各采样点的污染程度为无-很低，指标PLI指示各采样点的污染程度为低或中等，整个研究区域的PLIzone值为1.06，指示研究区域内沉积物的重金属污染程度中等。单元素的潜在风险指数（Ei）指示重金属生态危害程度均很低，各个采样点的潜在生态风险指数（RI）也指示为低等级，但仍要注意人类活动引起的重金属潜在生态危害，尤其是元素Cd的输入。出格尔木市后元素浓度及Igeo值均逐渐增高，mCd、PLI及RI同样有显著的增长趋势，指示格尔木河受格尔木市人类活动的影响。格尔木河中游（格尔木市区段）相对于格尔木河上游及下游整体均表现为低浓度、低污染及低生态风险，指示格尔木河河道治理对控制重金属污染、改善河流环境及保护生态环境有重要的意义。  相似文献   

沙尘和生物气溶胶的环境和气候效应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

石广玉  檀赛春  陈彬 《大气科学》2018,42(3):559-569

沙尘气溶胶对海洋生态系统的影响及其气候与环境效应,以及生物气溶胶对人类健康的影响及其气候效应是近年来大气气溶胶研究的热点问题。沙尘气溶胶和生物气溶胶之间有很强的联系,沙尘可作为空气中微生物的载体,沙尘气溶胶影响海洋生态系统之后又会影响海洋上空生物气溶胶的产生。本文回顾了国内外沙尘气溶胶对太平洋海域生态系统影响的研究进展,以及生物气溶胶的研究历史和气候效应,特别是中国科学院大气物理研究所十多年来的有关工作。  相似文献   

景观尺度、过程及格局（LSPP）研究的内涵及特点   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王让会 《热带地理》2018,38(4):458-464

景观尺度、过程与格局（LSPP）及其相互作用是景观生态学研究的核心内容。在分析景观尺度及效应、景观生态过程、景观格局及变化的基础上,凝练出了LSPP一体化理念的主要特征,并探索了LSPP中各要素之间的耦合关系。研究表明：LSPP一体化具有一定的理论价值,景观时空尺度是LSPP的重要基础,LSPP体现了景观过程及其生态效应。景观生态研究所涉及的结构、功能、动态与LSPP一体化等的理论与应用问题,随着新时代生态环境的复杂化,在情景模拟技术、大数据挖掘技术,以及生态物联网等技术支撑下,促进了景观生态学机理研究与应用范式的拓展与深化,对于当前区域发展与生态文明建设具有重要指导意义。  相似文献   

测绘技术服务于生猪养殖业环保整治的探讨     

谢伟秋  李琳琳  周婷婷 《测绘与空间地理信息》2017,(3)

近年来,生猪养殖业陆续开展了生猪禁养工作。通过划定生猪禁养区域,对禁养区内的"散、小、乱"养猪场进行清拆和整顿,再引进大型现代化生猪养殖场来发展企业化、规范化的生猪养殖是整治工作的常见思路,需要精准的数据、科学的理论作为支撑。本文以广州市增城区为例,从生猪禁养范围图制作和专题数据统计两方面探讨了测绘技术在生猪养殖业环保整治工作中的应用。通过数据提取、缓冲区分析、叠加分析、面的差异运算、地图编制等测绘技术的综合应用,证实了其服务于生猪养殖业环保整治工作的实用性、高效性和科学性,为各省市开展生猪养殖业环保整治工作提供了翔实的参考资料。  相似文献   

乡村湿地发展模式探讨:以泥仓溇乡村湿地为例     

张鹏莉 《湿地科学与管理》2017,(3):32-35

在当前城镇化快速发展的过程中,工农业发展对乡村湿地造成一定的影响和破坏。阐述了泥仓溇乡村湿地建设与保护的必要性,从改善区域水环境,科学分区管理,丰富生物多样性、传承湿地文化等方面对泥仓溇乡村湿地实施了因地制宜的生态恢复,构建良好的湿地生态系统,达到生态效益、社会效益、经济效益的共赢,以期为我国乡村湿地的生态保护与合理利用提供参考。  相似文献   

乌鲁木齐景观生态功能区划及生态调控研究   总被引：12，自引：3，他引：12  

周华荣  海热提·涂尔逊  汤平 《干旱区地理》2001,24(4):314-320

乌鲁木齐作为中国西部发展较快的特大城市，城市生态环境问题日趋明显。对城市生态环境的研究，有利于充分认识城市发展与环境保护这对矛盾的生态学实质，在对乌鲁木齐城市生态环境调查的基础上，总结了乌鲁木齐城市生态环境的特征，根据综合整体、地域分异、景观异质、功能结构、城市发展、环境容载等景观生态学和城市生态学原则，划分了乌鲁木齐城市区域景观生态功能区，包括城市建设及中心区，城市生态平衡与开发区和城市生态保护及后备区，据此，对乌鲁木齐城市生态调控提出了初步建议，包括环境控制工程，生物控制工程、景观生态建设和生态管理调控。  相似文献   

黄河三角洲湿地生态特征变化及可持续性管理对策   总被引：54，自引：10，他引：54  

崔保山  刘兴土 《地理科学》2001,21(3):250-256

近年来，由于农业市场化和产业化的发展，工业与城市化的崛起，黄河三角洲湿地生态特征发生了巨大变化。表现在湿地类型和面积的改变，湿地水状况及水质的变化，湿地产品的不可持续利用等，通过对湿地生态变化的自然因素和人为原因进行分析，提出了黄河三角洲湿地可持续性管理的方案，并从生态、社会、经济指标出发，探讨了湿地可持续性管理对策。  相似文献   

湿地生态过程研究进展   总被引：62，自引：2，他引：62  

何池全  赵魁义  余国营  赵志春  王国平 《地球科学进展》2000,15(2):165-171

湿地生态过程的研究是湿地研究的核心内容,是研究其物理过程、化学过程和生物过程及其相互关系以及这些过程与湿地功能的关系。介绍湿地生态过程的概念,并对湿地生态过程的三个方面即有机物的生产过程(生物过程)、营养物质循环(化学过程)和能量流动及其水文过程(物理过程)的研究进展进行了述评,并对生物过程、化学过程和物理过程的研究方法进行了剖析,同时对生态过程的研究前景进行了简要分析。  相似文献   

Spatial variability of soils and stream sediments and the remediation effects in a Portuguese uranium mine area     

《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2016,76(4):501-518

The old Senhora das Fontes uranium mine, located in central Portugal, was closed down in 1971. The treatment of ores from this mine and other mines by heap-leach ended in 1982. Seven dumps partially covered by vegetation were left in the area. Soil and stream sediment samples were collected in December 2009. The remediation was carried out from May 2010 to January 2011. Stream sediment samples were collected again in October 2013. Before the remediation, soils from inside the mine influence area have higher Al, As, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Sr, Th, U and Zn concentrations than soils from outside this area, due to radionuclides, metals and metalloid released from the mine dumps. The principal component analysis (PCA) shows a distinction between soils from inside and outside the mine influence area. The U(VI), As(V) and metals from soils can be adsorbed to Fe-oxyhydroxides and the humic acid can increase the U uptake. Soils must not be used for public or private green and residential areas, because they are contaminated in U, As, Co, Cd and Ni. Before the remediation, downstream sediments have higher Al, As, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, U and Zn than upstream sediments, due to erosion and percolation of water through the mine dumps. The PCA shows a distinction between downstream and upstream sediments. The U(VI), Th and As(V) can be adsorbed to Fe-oxyhydroxides. The stream sediments are contaminated in As, Mn, Th and U. Downstream sediments are the most contaminated in U and As. After the remediation, upstream and downstream sediments have generally higher Al, Fe, As, Cr, Ni, Th, U and Zn concentrations than before the remediation, attributed to the relocation of dumps. Radionuclides, metals and metalloids were transported by surface water. Consequently downstream sediments have higher Al, As, Cu, Mn, Ni, Th, U and Zn concentrations than upstream sediments. The U(VI), Th and As(V) can be adsorbed to Fe-oxyhydroxides. Stream sediments became more contaminated in U, Th and As than before the remediation, but more intensively downstream.  相似文献   

Too hot to handle: Depoliticisation and the discourse of ecological modernisation in fire management debates     

《Geoforum》2016

The management of fire within landscapes is a topic of increasing contestation. This is particularly the case in relation to the practice of ‘prescribed burning’, which aims to exercise a form of control of wild fires through the application of science-based techniques that putatively reconcile the conservation of biodiversity with the protection of human life and property in particular places. The belief in possibilities to solve environmental problems by scientific approaches and in outcomes that do not involve harm or vulnerabilities is an element of a trend called “Ecological Modernisation” (EM). Various studies have shown how discourses of EM have come to dominate the ways in which many contemporary environmental problems are approached. We argue that highlighting the presentation of such discourses as neutral and non-politicised precludes a critical examination of the ways in which the knowledge claims upon which they rest can be seen to reinforce only particular sets of constructions of the relationship between humans and the natural world. Through an analysis of knowledge claims made in relation to recurring topics such as the use of fire by Indigenous Australians and the adaptation of species to fire, we illustrate that behind the discourse of ecological modernisation sit deeply engrained variations in terms of where people locate vulnerability in relation to the pressing problem of wildfire and fire management. We argue that the depoliticisation of the topic sustains specific types of relationships between people and nature while delegitimising others and obscures the fundamentally different notions about relationships between humans and non-human nature upon which the debate ultimately pivots.  相似文献