The effects of visual realism,spatial abilities,and competition on performance in map-based route learning in men     

Arzu Çöltekin  Rebecca Francelet  Kai-Florian Richter  John Thoresen  Sara Irina Fabrikant 《制图学和地理信息科学》2018,45(4):339-353

We report on how visual realism might influence map-based route learning performance in a controlled laboratory experiment with 104 male participants in a competitive context. Using animations of a dot moving through routes of interest, we find that participants recall the routes more accurately with abstract road maps than with more realistic satellite maps. We also find that, irrespective of visual realism, participants with higher spatial abilities (high-spatial participants) are more accurate in memorizing map-based routes than participants with lower spatial abilities (low-spatial participants). On the other hand, added visual realism limits high-spatial participants in their route recall speed, while it seems not to influence the recall speed of low-spatial participants. Competition affects participants’ overall confidence positively, but does not affect their route recall performance neither in terms of accuracy nor speed. With this study, we provide further empirical evidence demonstrating that it is important to choose the appropriate map type considering task characteristics and spatial abilities. While satellite maps might be perceived as more fun to use, or visually more attractive than road maps, they also require more cognitive resources for many map-based tasks, which is true even for high-spatial users.  相似文献   

Surface Geophysical Methods used to Verify the Karst Geological Structure in the Built-up Area: A Case Study of Specific Engineering-Geological Conditions     

Rene PUTISKA  Marian MARSCHALKO  Isik YILMAZ  Dominik NIEMIEC  CHENG Xianfeng  Ivan DOSTAL  Jan KUBAC 《《地质学报》英文版》2021,95(5):1763-1770

This article presents a research study of complex limestone karst engineering-geological conditions in the municipality Valaská near Banská Bystrica in Slovakia. The aim of the study is to demonstrate the impossibility of spatial identification of cave spaces using surface geophysical methods due to the specific engineering-geological conditions of a thick surface layer of anthropogenic fill containing highly heterogeneous anthropogenic material. Its maximum thickness is 3 m. Another specificific condition of the study area is its location in the built-up area, due to which the applicability of geophysical methods was limited. The article contains methodological recommendations to be used in analogous geological conditions with karst structures topped with anthropogenic fill, which complicates the identification of cave spaces. The recommended solution herein is the identification of the cave system using underground mapping of the karst and its projection onto the surface for which surface geophysical methods have been combined.  相似文献   

大气红外窗区(10.5-11.5μm和11.5-12.5μm)辐射传输的敏感性试验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

魏丽  钟强 《高原气象》1988,(3)

大气窗区卫星红外遥感的辐射资料可应用于地表温度的确定,但必须考虑大气影响。为此,本文利用辐射传输模式和中纬度及青藏高原模式大气,用数值模拟的方法研究了大气和地表状态(大气温、湿廓线、地表温度与高度)的改变对大气顶红外窗区射出辐射的影响以及射出辐射对发射方向(天顶角)依赖关系。主要结论见正文小结。  相似文献   

云南白显矿床钡镁锰矿的矿物学研究     

王寒竹  肖增夫 《地球科学》1988,(4)

云南白显锰矿产于中三叠统法郎组地层中,其主要矿石矿物是钡镁锰矿。矿物属沉积成因,结晶细微,局部呈沿c轴延长的细小柱状和纤维状。矿物点群2/m,常见单形:斜方柱{110}、平行双面{100}和{001}。晶胞参数:a_0=0.9758nm,b_0=0.2848nm,c_0=0.9640nm,β=88.98°,V=0.26786nm~3,Z=1。矿物反射率为18.60～25.65,相对密度3.67,文中还列出了红外光谱和差热分析新资料。  相似文献   

气候模拟研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王绍武 《气象》1994,20(12):9-18

根据地回顾了大约４０年来气候模拟研究的发展过程，指出根据研究的目标可以分为三个阶段；模拟大气平均状况、敏感性实验及气候变率的模拟，着重总结了近年来气候变率模拟的最新成果，包括对印度夏季风降水，萨赫勒干旱、气候变率、世界三大涛动、ＥＮＳＯ循环及中国旱涝型的模拟研究。  相似文献   

内蒙古白银都西群变质火山岩的钕、锶同位素研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

聂凤军  裴荣富  吴良士  A.Bjφrlykke 《地质论评》1994,40(5):476-481

白银都西群主要由斜长角闪岩、变粒岩、长英片岩和条带状混合岩组成,是白银都西-白乃庙地体的重要组成部分,主要分布在内蒙古白乃庙铜(金)矿床东北白银都西一带。长期以来,由于缺乏可信的同位素年龄数据,该套岩层的归属,构造性质和形成机理尚不清楚。笔者首次对白银都西群斜长角闪岩的Nd和Sr同位素组成进行了测定,所获Sm-Nd同位素等时年龄为1394±46Ma(23),Nd初始比值为0.511 243±8(23)和εNd(T)=+7.9±2.1(23)。~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr和~(87)Rb/~(86)Sr比值分别为0.705 79—0.709 12和0.17—0.34,两者之间不存在任何相关关系。结合野外地质证据和岩相学特征,我们认为:白银都西群基性火山活动发生在中元古代,成岩物质来自亏损地幔源,成岩以后构造变动和变质热液活动致使Rb-Sr同位素体系受到严重干扰破坏。  相似文献   

直角分水口水流形态的实验研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

罗福安  梁志勇 《水科学进展》1995,6(1):71-75

对分水口前水流形态进行了研究,测量了分水口前不同水深处的平面流场,初步给出了分水口前水流的运动形态,分析了分水宽度沿水深的变化规律。  相似文献   

新疆西准噶尔地区两类蛇绿岩中橄榄岩的矿物学研究     

郝梓国  王希斌  鲍佩声  彭根永  金远新 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1991,(1)

两类蛇绿岩中变质橄榄岩的矿物表现出的共同特征是:从二辉橄榄岩→斜辉橄榄岩→斜辉辉橄岩→纯橄岩→铬铁矿石,其橄榄石、斜方辉石和单斜辉石的Mg/(Mg+Fe)(矿物牌号)依次升高,表现出富Mg贫Fe的演化趋势;铬尖晶石的Cr/(Cr+Al)亦同时升高,表现为富Cr贫Al的演化特征。 变质橄榄岩中的矿物均是原始上地幔岩部分熔融的残余物。在部分熔融过程中,橄榄石与铬尖晶石是生成相矿物,而斜方与单斜辉石则是消失相矿物,正是通过两种辉石的不断消失,岩石才从二辉橄榄岩依次转化为纯橄岩,并造成纯橄岩与铬铁矿的紧密伴生。在此过程中,矿物成分时刻都在变化,造岩矿物向富Mg贫Fe,金属矿物向富Cr贫Al方向调整,这与实际测定结果是一致的。  相似文献   

一次东亚寒潮爆发后冷涌发展的研究   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

丁一汇  蒙晓 《气象学报》1994,52(4):442-451

分析了１９８１年１月２１—２８日一次东亚强寒潮爆发后南海和西太平洋地区冷涌的发展过程。冷涌的发展最先表现为低层强东北风沿东亚沿海地区和南海中北部的迅速建立。２—３ｄ之后，又在菲律宾以东洋面激起第二次冷涌。与冷涌相伴随的低层温度场变化也十分明显，同样具有先后两次降温过程。冷涌期高空风场表现有明显的脉动，南海北部高空西风迅速减弱，而在南海近赤道地区出现了很强的高空东风区。冷涌的发展与寒潮冷高压的南下有密切关系，它的强度在很大程度上取决于中纬度冷高压的强度。另一方面，冷涌发展后，通过Ｈａｄｌｅｙ环流可影响中纬西风急流和热带东风急流的变化。  相似文献   

高放废物地质处置库甘肃选区疏勒河断裂带稳定性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

余运祥  刘林清 《华东地质学院学报》1994,17(4):301-307

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