中国近50a极端降水事件变化特征的季节性差异   总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12  

陈海山  范苏丹  张新华 《南京气象学院学报》2009,32(6):744-751

利用中国419个测站1958-2007年逐日降水资料集,分析了近50a中国不同区域年和季节极端降水事件的基本变化特征。结果表明,多年平均极端降水事件的空间分布具有明显的纬向分布特征,并表现出显著的季节性差异。长江以南地区是春、冬季极端降水事件发生频次较高的区域;而年、夏季以及秋季极端降水事件发生频次在西南地区较高,在西北东部较低。年极端降水事件频次的长期变化趋势与夏季相似,华北和东北有增加趋势,其他地区为弱的减少趋势;其他季节的长期变化趋势存在明显的区域和季节性差异。年和季节极端降水事件的发生频次具有显著的年际和年代际变化特征。年极端降水事件时间序列的多项式拟合曲线的变化情况与夏季基本一致;而其他季节的变化则存在较大差异,表现出显著的季节性差异。  相似文献   

初夏至盛夏东亚副热带西风急流突变早晚与东亚环流异常的关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

董丽娜  郭品文  张福颖 《南京气象学院学报》2009,32(4):543-552

利用1961-2004年NCEP／NCAR再分析逐候资料和全国160站月平均降水资料,分析了初夏至盛夏东亚副热带急流北跳和急流中心西移发生早晚对7月东亚大气环流和我国降水的影响。结果表明,急流北跳时间与7月长江中下游地区降水异常正相关,急流中心西移时间则与7月淮河流域降水异常正相关,与华北和河套地区降水异常负相关。急流北跳时间与南亚高压和西太平洋副热带高压南北位置异常及高纬贝加尔湖以东高压脊强度相关;而急流中心西移时间与南亚高压和西太平洋副热带高压的东西伸展及贝加尔湖以西高压脊强度相关,在急流中心西移偏晚年,南亚高压西缩,贝加尔湖西南侧高压脊增强,南下至华北和河套地区冷空气偏强,且西太平洋副热带高压东撤,冷暖空气在淮河流域交汇,使得华北和河套地区降水减少而淮河流域降水偏多;偏早年情况与偏晚年情况相反。  相似文献   

RIEMS2.0不同模拟区域模拟中国北方多年气候平均态比较          下载免费PDF全文

ZHAO De-Ming  FU Cong-Bin 《大气和海洋科学快报》2009,2(6):386-391

Regional Integrated Environment Modeling System Version 2.0 （RIEMS2.0） is now being developed by the Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Chinese Academy of Sciences. In order to test the sensitivity of the RIEMS2.0 model domain to simulate long-term climate and its change, and provide a basis for the further development and application of the model, the authors compared results between simulated and observed precipitation and surface-airtemperature using two model domains under different cumulus parameterization schemes. The model was driven by NCEP/NCAR re-analysis data with a simulation duration ranging from 1 January 1979 to 31 December 2007. There were no significant differences found in the spatial distributions of the simulated precipitation and surface-air-temperature, or interannual variations between the two model domains. There were, however, differences observed between the two model domain simulations of local sub-regions. The smaller model domain more accurately simulated precipitation, especially in summer （June, July, and August）, and decreased the bias of surface-airtemperature, especially in winter （December, January, and February）. The weak summer and winter monsoons simulated by the smaller model domain was a result of boundary forcings and may partially account for the improvements of this model.  相似文献   

基于5分钟雷达资料降水估测模型的比较          下载免费PDF全文

LIU Yong-He  ZHANG Wan-Chang  SHAO Yue-Hong  ZHANG Jing-Ying 《大气和海洋科学快报》2009,2(6):327-332

For the Z-R relationship in radar-based rainfall estimation, the distribution of corresponding R values for a given Z value （or the corresponding Z value for a given R value） may be highly skewed. However, the traditional power-law model is physically deduced and fitted under the normal-distribution presumption of radar wave echoes associated with a rain rate value, and it may not be very appropriate. Considering this problem, the authors devised several generalized linear models with different forms and distribution presumptions to represent the Z-R relationship. Radar-reflectivity scans observed by a CINRAD/SC Doppler radar and 5-minute rainfall accumulation recorded by 10 ground gauges were used to fit these models. All data used in this study were collected during some large rainfalls of the period from 2005 to 2007. The radar and all gauges were installed in the catchment of the Yishu River, a branch of the Huaihe River in China. Three models based on normal distribution and a dBZ presumption of gamma distribution were fitted using maximum-likelihood techniques, which were resolved by genetic algorithms. Comparisons of estimated maximized likelihoods based on assumptions of gamma and normal distribution showed that all generalized linear models （GLMs） of presumed gamma distribution were better fitted than GLMs based on normal distribution. In a comparison of maximum-likelihood, the differences between these three models were small. Three error statistics were used to assess the agreement between radar estimated rainfall and gauge rainfall： relative bias （B）, root mean square error （RMSE）, and correlation coefficient （r）. The results showed that no one model was excellent in all criteria. On the whole, the GLM-based models gave smaller relative bias than the traditional power-law model. It is suggested that validations conducted in many previous works should have been made against a specific criterion but overlooked others.  相似文献   

Simulation of Precipitation in Monsoon Regions of China by CMIP3 Models   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

TU Kai  YAN Zhong-Wei  ZHANG Xue-Bin  DONG Wen-Jie 《大气和海洋科学快报》2009,2(4):194-200

The output of 25 models used in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 （CMIP3） were evaluated, with a focus on summer precipitation in eastern China for the last 40 years of the 20th century. Most models failed to reproduce rainfall associated with the East Asian summer monsoon （EASM）, and hence the seasonal cycle in eastern China, but provided reasonable results in Southwest （SW） and Northeast China （NE）. The simulations produced reasonable results for the Yangtze-Huai （YH） Basin area, although the Meiyu phenomenon was underestimated in general. One typical regional phenomenon, a seasonal northward shift in the rain belt from early to late summer, was completely missed by most models. The long-term climate trends in rainfall over eastern China were largely underestimated, and the observed geographical pattern of rainfall changes was not reproduced by most models. Precipitation extremes were evaluated via parameters of fitted GEV （Generalized Ex- treme Values） distributions. The annual extremes were grossly underestimated in the monsoon-dominated YH and SW regions, but reasonable values were calculated for the North China （NC） and NE regions. These results suggest a general failure to capture the dynamics of the EASM in current coupled climate models. Nonetheless, models with higher resolution tend to reproduce larger decadal trends and annual extremes of precipitation in the regions studied.  相似文献   

中国近54年来夏季极端降水事件特征研究   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6  

龙妍妍  范广洲  段炼  冯琬  王钦  李飞  张永莉 《气候与环境研究》2016,21(4):429-438

利用1960~2013年中国6~8月无缺测的571站逐日降水资料,定义7个极端降水指数,研究中国夏季极端降水事件特征。结果表明:(1)极端降水事件空间分布存在明显的区域性差异,长江中下游地区、华南地区、西北地区表现为增加趋势,东北地区、华北地区、西南部分地区表现为减少趋势;时间分布表现出具有显著的年际和年代际变化特征,极端降水事件有增加趋势,在20世纪90年代初期有明显转折。(2)M-K检验表现出极端降水事件在20世纪90年代初发生突变,突变前(后)偏弱(强)。(3)极端降水指数周期振荡不完全一致,准15年周期振荡为主,其次是准7年周期,最强振动出现在1998年。(4)除持续干期指数外,其他极端降水指数间存在较好的相关性。  相似文献   

单次极端高温过程中城市热岛效应的识别   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

张雷  任国玉  任玉玉 《气候与环境研究》2015,20(2):167-176

利用高密度自动观测站逐时气温资料和NCEP再分析资料,按照客观的标准选择参考站,分析2010年7月2~6日北京一次极端高温过程中城市热岛强度(IUHI)对城区地面气温时空分布的影响。此次高温过程连续5日的日最高气温均超过35.0°C,为北京站1951年以来连续5日平均最高气温的最高值。大陆暖高压控制我国大部分地区,北京处于高压脊前,西北气流下沉增温,加之气流越山引起的焚风效应,是导致此次极端高温过程发生的环流背景。但受城市热岛效应影响,最高、最低和平均气温的空间分布均出现了以城区为中心的高值区,从城区中心向郊区平均IUHI逐渐减小,最低气温IUHI较大,四环线以内5日平均IUHI达到2.93°C,四、五环线之间1.87°C,五、六环线之间1.43°C;最高气温IUHI较小,但四环线以内,四、五环线之间和五、六环线之间5日平均IUHI仍分别达到1.45°C、0.96°C和0.72°C。在7月3~6日夜间,四环内IUHI极值均在3.00°C以上,特别是7月6日凌晨达到5.50°C;白天IUHI相对较小,其中2日早晨甚至还出现了负值。城区各地带IUHI日变化规律几乎同步,具有两个相对稳定阶段和两个快速变化阶段。稳定的强IUHI阶段从21:00(北京时间,下同)持续到次日05:00,稳定的弱IUHI阶段从08:00至18:00;05:00至08:00是IUHI快速衰减阶段,而18:00至21:00是IUHI快速上升阶段。因此,城市热岛效应对北京城区夏季单次极端高温过程的强度及其空间分布具有显著影响,在很大程度上加重了城区特别是中心城区的高温影响。  相似文献   

2006年“珍珠”台风影响期间福建省降水酸度分布特征分析     

林长城  魏应植  赵卫红  黄美金  马治国 《热带气象学报》2008,24(4):354-358

利用2006年"珍珠"台风影响福建省期间的酸雨监测资料和新一代天气雷达回波资料,对城市降水酸度分布特征及福州市短时段降水酸度进行分析,结果表明:来自海上的台风降水呈偏碱性;登陆后台风对福建省城市降水酸度的影响与其螺旋雨带上降水云团的移动路径及城市周边污染源分布有关;"珍珠"台风的短时段降水酸度并非保持恒定,对福州市降水酸度的影响会随着台风强度、风场结构的变化及螺旋雨带上降水云团途经下垫面城市大气污染排放状况而发生改变.  相似文献   

广义帕雷托分布在重庆暴雨强降水研究中的应用   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  

程炳岩  丁裕国  张金铃  江志红 《高原气象》2008,27(5)

引进广义帕雷托分布(GPD),借助于现代L-矩估计方法,模拟重庆地区极端降水事件,推算一定重现期的极端降水量分位数。模拟试验表明,基于超门限峰值法(POT)的GPD不但计算简便,而且基本不受原始序列样本量的影响,具有全部取值域的高精度稳定拟合(包括高端厚尾部),与GEV模拟结果相比,GPD具有更高精度和稳定性,更为实用。  相似文献   

双参数云物理方案中谱形参数作用分析和数值模拟试验   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵震  雷恒池 《高原气象》2008,27(1):135-142

云物理参数化方案中,各种粒子通常采用Г谱分布函数n(D)=N0Dαexp(-λD)。双参数方案中谱参数截距N0和斜率λ通过预报给出,谱形参数α设为固定值。为了讨论谱形参数的作用,理论上分析了谱形参数取值对沉降过程和微物理源汇项的影响。利用MM5模式中增加的双参数显式云物理方案模拟了西北地区一次层状云降水过程,模拟针对雨滴谱的谱形参数rα不同取值分别做了试验。模拟结果基本符合理论分析,谱形参数rα变化时模拟出的地面降水和云的宏微观特征有差异。  相似文献