Fingerprinting of soil organic matter as a proxy for assessing climate and vegetation changes in last interglacial palaeosols (Veldwezelt, Belgium)     

Karen Vancampenhout  Katinka Wouters  Peter Buurman  Jozef Deckers 《Quaternary Research》2008,69(1):145-162

Soil characteristics in palaeosols are an important source of information on past climate and vegetation. Fingerprinting of soil organic matter (SOM) by pyrolysis-GC/MS is assessed as a proxy for palaeo-reconstruction in the complex of humic layers on top of the Rocourt pedosequence in the Veldwezelt-Hezerwater outcrop (Belgian loess belt). The fingerprints of the extractable SOM of different soil units are related to total organic carbon content, δ¹³C and grain-size analysis. Combined results indicate that the lower unit of the humic complex reflects a stable soil surface, allowing SOM build-up, intensive microbial activity and high decomposition. Higher in the profile, decomposition and microbial activity decrease. This is supported by a shift in the isotopic signal, an increased U ratio and evidence of wildfires. Although the chemical composition of the extracted SOM differed greatly from recent SOM, fingerprinting yielded detailed new information on SOM degree of decomposition and microbial contribution, allowing the reconstruction of palaeo-environmental conditions during pedogenesis.  相似文献   

8000 yr of black carbon accumulation in a colluvial soil from NW Spain   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Joeri Kaal  Antonio Martínez-Cortizas  Felipe Criado Boado 《Quaternary Research》2008,69(1):56-61

Analytical pyrolysis-GC/MS and solid-state ¹³C NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) were applied to the NaOH-extractable organic matter fraction of a colluvial soil from Galicia (NW Spain) that represents more than 8500 yr of accumulation. While molecular indicators of vegetation change were looked for, it seemed likely that any such signal was disturbed by the intense fire regime of the area. This conclusion was drawn from (1) the presence of three charcoal layers, (2) the high proportion of aryl C in NMR spectra (non-quantitative) and (3) the prevalence of benzenes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the chromatograms (38 ± 6% of total identified peak area), also in charcoal-poor samples. If this conclusion is accurate, the area has been subjected to burning episodes for at least 8000 yr. Additionally, the results indicate that biomass burning residues (black carbon; BC) may become NaOH extractable after long periods of degradation in mineral soil. These results add to our knowledge of the long-term fate of BC in soil, which is a potential agent in the global C cycle.  相似文献   

Accurate Determination of Sr Isotopic Compositions in Clinopyroxene and Silicate Glasses by LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS          下载免费PDF全文

Xirun Tong  Yongsheng Liu  Zhaochu Hu  Haihong Chen  Lian Zhou  Qinghai Hu  Rong Xu  Lixu Deng  Chunfei Chen  Lu Yang  Shan Gao 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2016,40(1):85-99

The low‐Sr content (generally < 100 μg g^?1) in clinopyroxene from peridotite makes accurate Sr isotopic determination by LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS a challenge. The effects of adding N₂ to the sample gas and using a guard electrode (GE) on instrumental sensitivity for Sr isotopic determination by LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS were investigated. Results revealed no significant sensitivity enhancement of Sr by adding N₂ to the ICP. Although using a GE led to a two‐fold sensitivity enhancement, it significantly increased the yield of polyatomic ion interferences of Ca‐related ions and TiAr⁺ on Sr isotopes. Applying the method established in this work, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (Rb/Sr < 0.14) of natural clinopyroxene from mantle and silicate glasses were accurately measured with similar measurement repeatability (0.0009–0.00006, 2SE) to previous studies but using a smaller spot size of 120 μm and low‐to‐moderate Sr content (30–518 μg g^?1). The measurement reproducibility was 0.0004 (2s, n = 33) for a sample with 100 μg g^?1 Sr. Destruction of the crystal structure by sample fusion showed no effect on Sr isotopic determination. Synthesised glasses with major element compositions similar to natural clinopyroxene have the potential to be adopted as reference materials for Sr isotopic determination by LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS.  相似文献   

High‐Precision Measurement of Molybdenum Isotopic Compositions of Selected Geochemical Reference Materials          下载免费PDF全文

Jin Li  Xiang‐kun Zhu  Suo‐han Tang  Kan Zhang 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2016,40(3):405-415

Here we describe high‐precision molybdenum isotopic composition measurements of geological reference materials, performed using multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (MC‐ICP‐MS). Purification of Mo for isotopic measurements was achieved by ion exchange chromatography using Bio‐Rad AG^® 1‐X8 anion exchange resin. Instrumental mass bias was corrected using ¹⁰⁰Mo‐⁹⁷Mo double spiking techniques. The precision under intermediate measurement conditions (eighteen measurement sessions over 20 months) in terms of δ^98/95Mo was 0.10‰ (2s). The measurement output was approximately four times more efficient than previous techniques, with no compromise in precision. The Mo isotopic compositions of seven geochemical reference materials, seawater (IAPSO), manganese nodules (NOD‐P‐1 and NOD‐A‐1), copper‐molybdenum ore (HV‐2), basalt (BCR‐2) and shale (SGR‐1b and SCo‐1), were measured. δ^98/95Mo values were obtained for IAPSO (2.25 ± 0.09‰), NOD‐P‐1 (?0.66 ± 0.05‰), NOD‐A‐1 (?0.48 ± 0.05‰), HV‐2 (?0.23 ± 0.10‰), BCR‐2 (0.21 ± 0.07‰), SCo‐1 (?0.24 ± 0.06‰) and SGR‐1b (0.63 ± 0.02‰) by calculating δ^98/95Mo relative to NIST SRM 3134 (0.25‰, 2s). The molybdenum isotopic compositions of IAPSO, NOD‐A‐1 and NOD‐P‐1 obtained in this study are within error of the compositions reported previously. Molybdenum isotopic compositions for BCR‐2, SCo‐1 and SGR‐1b are reported for the first time.  相似文献   

An Investigation of the Reliability of HF Acid Mixtures in the Bomb Digestion of Silicate Rocks for the Determination of Trace Elements by ICP‐MS          下载免费PDF全文

Olga Okina  Sergey Lyapunov  Mariya Avdosyeva  Boris Ermolaev  Vladimir Golubchikov  Anatoly Gorbunov  Victor Sheshukov 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2016,40(4):583-597

The influence of the mixtures HF‐HNO₃ and HF‐NH₄F‐HNO₃ in bomb digestion for trace element determination from different rock types was studied using ICP‐MS. It is shown that the HF concentration, not the ratio of reagents in the decomposing mixture, controls the digestion process of a rock. Data for Zr in the granite G‐2 as a function of HF concentration gave the same results as reaction mixtures of various compositions. A complete digestion in 50‐mg sample bombs was achieved by 1.0 ml of HF alone, or with a mixture of other acids at a HF concentration of at least 35% m/m at 196 °C over 18 h. The results of the analysis of basalts BCR‐1, BIR‐1, mica schist SDC‐1, shale SBC‐1, granites G‐2, SG‐1A, garnet‐biotite plagiogneiss GBPg‐1, rhyolite RGM‐1, granodiorite GSP‐1, trachyandesite MTA‐1 and rhyolite MRh‐1 are given and compared against available data. The reproducibility of the element determinations by ICP‐MS and XRF as an independent non‐destructive analysis for a quality check in the range of concentrations typical for routine rock samples is given.  相似文献   

辽东青城子矿集区姚家沟钼矿床成矿物质来源、成矿年代及成矿动力学背景   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张朋  杨宏智  李斌  寇林林  杨凤超 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2016,46(6):1684-1710

本文对辽东青城子矿集区姚家沟钼矿床与成矿密切的姚家沟花岗岩进行了元素地球化学、锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年和矿床金属硫化物硫同位素系统分析。结果表明:姚家沟花岗岩侵入时代为(167.47±0.87)Ma,具有富硅、富铝、全碱含量中等、过铝质-强过铝质的特征;稀土配分模式呈现轻稀土富集、重稀土亏损的右倾型,Eu弱正异常;富集K、Rb、U、Sr、Pb等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ti、P等高场强元素,δ34S值为2.0‰~3.9‰,平均值为2.7‰。结合姚家沟矿床辉钼矿Re-Os同位素研究成果进一步得出,姚家沟岩体至少为两期岩浆活动的产物,辉钼矿成矿与本次获得的(167.47±0.87)Ma岩浆活动有关,二者成岩、成矿时代一致。硫同位素指示成矿物质来源于岩浆。姚家沟钼矿成岩、成矿构造背景为受古亚洲洋闭合影响,华北板块与西伯利亚板块后碰撞造山阶段构造-岩浆-流体活动的环境。  相似文献   

敦煌地块南缘小红山埃达克岩的年代学、地球化学特征及地球动力学意义     

黄万堂  王玉玺  李通国  杨婧  张翔  王怀涛  王晓伟  朱永新 《地质学报》2018,92(12):2437-2452

敦煌地块南缘小红山花岗岩体侵位于敦煌岩群中,岩性主要为黑云二长花岗岩和黑云花岗闪长岩。通过LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb同位素定年,获得小红山黑云母二长花岗岩的206Pb/238U的加权平均年龄为289.6±3.9Ma,表明侵位时代为早二叠世。岩石地球化学分析显示其具有高硅、高铝、富碱和低镁的特征,稀土元素在球粒陨石标准化稀土配分模式图上呈轻稀土富集的右倾型稀土配分模式,弱负Eu异常,富集大离子亲石元素(如Rb、Cs、Th、K、Pb),亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素,岩石强烈富集Sr、亏损Yb和Y,具有较高的Sr/Y比值,岩石具有与埃达克岩石一致的地球化学特征,是加厚下地壳部分熔融的产物。小红山花岗岩全岩Sr- Nd同位素的87Sr/86Sr值介于0.706622~0.707778之间,143Nd/144Nd介于0.51212~0.512264之间,εNd(t)=-4.093~-6.887,显示出壳源特征;Nd模式年龄TDM2=1.39~1.62Ga,平均为1.49Ga,表明其源区可能与敦煌岩群相关。结合成岩年龄和区域构造演化特征,推测敦煌地块南缘在石炭纪到早二叠世处于碰撞造山作用向陆内伸展环境转换的构造背景,可能强烈卷入了一系列与古亚洲洋闭合相关的古生代造山活动中。  相似文献   

Late Cretaceous arc igneous activity: the Eğrikar Monzogranite example     

F. Sipahi  A. Kaygusuz  Ç. Saydam Eker  A. Vural  İ. Akpınar 《International Geology Review》2018,60(3):382-400

The geochemical and Sr–Nd–Pb isotope properties, as well as the Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma and Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) U–Pb zircon age, of E?rikar Monzogranite in the eastern Pontides, are primarily investigated in this study with the aim of determining its magma source and geodynamic evolution. The U–Pb zircon age obtained from E?rikar Monzogranite is 78 ± 1.5 Ma, thereby re?ecting the age of monzogranite. The I-type E?rikar Monzogranite comprises quartz, plagioclase (An_35–45), orthoclase, muscovite, and biotite. The geochemical analyses of the E?rikar Monzogranite indicate being medium K calc-alkaline, peraluminous, and resembling magmatic arc granite. The E?rikar Monzogranite is enriched in large ion lithophile elements and light rare earth elements relative to high field strength elements. Chondrite-normalized rare earth element patterns have concave upward shapes (La_N/Yb_N 2.47–8.58) with pronounced negative Eu anomalies (Eu_N/Eu* = 0.29–0.65). Initial εNd_(i) values vary between 1.85 and 2.18 and initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values between 0.7048 and 0.7067. Fractionation of plagioclase, hornblende, and apatite played an important role in the evolution of E?rikar Monzogranite. The crystallization temperatures of the melts ranged from 770°C to 919°C based on zircon and apatite saturation temperatures. The geochemical and isotopic data suggest being generated by the partial melting of ma?c lower crustal sources.  相似文献   

台湾东澳片岩锆石U-Pb年龄及地质意义          下载免费PDF全文

黄长煌 《中国地质》2018,45(1):81-94

台湾东澳片岩位于台湾东部,属太鲁阁带的北东部分,由绿泥绿帘片岩、绿泥钠长片岩、云母石英片岩、石英片岩夹含石墨云母片岩组成。在野外地质调查的基础上,结合岩石学、岩石主微量元素分析研究结果表明,原岩为玄武岩、副长岩或碱性玄武岩及陆源碎屑岩,岩石主要为碱性系列,具低Ba、Sr和高Pb,稀土总量普遍较低,具有轻稀土富集、铕无亏损的稀土分布模式,与陆源裂陷的火山(岩浆)-沉积作用特征类似;锆石可分为自形晶或尖棱角状、次棱角状及圆状三类;LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄具多个峰值,其中206Pb/238U有4个,最小值为(95±3)Ma,为自形晶或尖棱角状锆石,代表了晚白垩世火山作用的时代;其余3个分别为(118±2)Ma(早白垩世)、(160±5)Ma(晚侏罗世)、(250±3)Ma(早三叠世),为次棱角状和少量自形晶锆石,代表了相应时代源岩的岩浆年龄;207Pb/206Pb表面年龄峰值2个,分别为(1838±41)Ma和(2404±27)Ma(古元古代),为磨圆状的变质锆石或岩浆锆石,代表了古元古代变质基底的年龄。东澳片岩形成时代为晚白垩世,属欧亚陆块边缘构造环境下火山-沉积作用的产物。  相似文献   

A Rapid Acid Digestion Technique for the Simultaneous Determination of Bromine and Iodine in Fifty‐Three Chinese Soils and Sediments by ICP‐MS          下载免费PDF全文

Tao He  Junyi Xie  Zhaochu Hu  Ting Liu  Wen Zhang  Haihong Chen  Yongsheng Liu  Keqing Zong  Ming Li 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2018,42(3):309-318

Bromine and iodine are important tracers for geochemical and environmental studies. In this study, a rapid acid digestion (HNO₃ + HF) with ammonia dilution for the simultaneous determination of bromine and iodine in soils and sediments using ICP‐MS was developed. The recoveries of Br and I were controlled by the synergic effect of temperature and time. It took only 15 min at 140 °C for the complete recovery of Br and I in sediment (GSD‐2) and soil (GSS‐24) reference materials, which is a process that needs 2–6 h at 90 °C. A serious loss of Br and I was found at a higher digestion temperature of 190 °C. A 5% v/v NH₄OH dilution effectively eliminated the memory effects and stabilised the signals of Br and I. Moreover, ammonia dilution also avoided the corrosiveness of HF on the sample introduction system and torch of ICP‐MS. Tellurium is a more suitable internal standard element than In in the ammonia medium. To avoid the adsorption of residues of dissolution on Te, addition of Te should be carried out after centrifuging the solution. The developed method was successfully applied to determine Br and I in fifty‐three Chinese soil and sediment reference materials. This simple method shows great potential for the rapid determination of Br and I in large batches of geological and environmental samples commonly analysed for mineral exploration and environmental geochemistry studies.  相似文献